=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-2546/paper14
|storemode=property
|title=Developing a Mini Smart House model
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2546/paper14.pdf
|volume=Vol-2546
|authors=Nadiia Balyk,Svitlana Leshchuk,Dariia Yatsenyak
}}
==Developing a Mini Smart House model==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2546/paper14.pdf
198
Developing a Mini Smart House model
Nadiia Balyk[0000-0002-3121-7005], Svitlana Leshchuk[0000-0001-6600-7940]
and Dariia Yatsenyak[0000-0002-8427-5532]
Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University,
2, Maxyma Kryvonosa Str., Ternopil, 46027, Ukraine
{nadbal, leshchuk_so, yatsenyak_dv}@fizmat.tnpu.edu.ua
Abstract. The work is devoted to designing a smart home educational model.
The authors analyzed the literature in the field of the Internet of Things and
identified the basic requirements for the training model. It contains the
following levels: command, communication, management. The authors identify
the main subsystems of the training model: communication, signaling, control
of lighting, temperature, filling of the garbage container, monitoring of sensor
data. The proposed smart home educational model takes into account the
economic indicators of resource utilization, which gives the opportunity to save
on payment for their consumption. The hardware components for the
implementation of the Mini Smart House were selected in the article. It uses a
variety of technologies to conveniently manage it and use renewable energy to
power it. The model was produced independently by students involved in the
STEM project. Research includes sketching, making construction parts, sensor
assembly and Arduino boards, programming in the Arduino IDE environment,
testing the functioning of the system. Research includes sketching, making
some parts, assembly sensor and Arduino boards, programming in the Arduino
IDE environment, testing the functioning of the system. Approbation Mini
Smart House researches were conducted within activity the STEM-center of
Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National
Pedagogical University, in particular during the educational process and during
numerous trainings and seminars for pupils and teachers of computer science.
Keywords: Smart home, Mini Smart House, STEM-projects, Smart-
technologies, C++, Internet of Things, technology of management.
1 Introduction
The trend of IT development in recent years is Smart-technologies. They are now
widely implemented in many industries, in the home and in education. As a result, the
modern teacher receives many tools that make the learning process interesting and
creative. The development of the Internet of Things (IoT) is an additional opportunity
in this aspect, a network concept that contains many devices with built-in transmitters
of their physical parameters. The widespread use of these household appliances was
predicted at the beginning of the twentieth century, in particular by the eminent
___________________
Copyright © 2019 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons
License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
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physicist Nikola Tesla [4]. In the early 21st century, the number of devices connected
to the Internet exceeded the Earth’s population. Today, the IoT sphere is one of the
major global trends. Almost all devices known in the everyday life become part of the
Internet and as a result perform new functions. No wonder this industry is considered
the driving force of the 4th Industrial Revolution, which is now underway in the
world. Therefore, forming an IoT expert – the person who creates the future – is an
important educational task.
Today, the issue of modernization of the educational process is more urgent than
ever. In the context of research, they can be filled through the implementation of
STEM-projects, the use of Smart-technologies, exploring the possibilities of the
Internet of Things [2].
Smart home technology embodies all of the above concepts. By “smart home” can
be understood a system that provides security and resource conservation (including
comfort) for all users. In the simplest case, it should be able to recognize and respond
to specific situations occurring in the home: one of the systems can control the
behavior of others using pre-built algorithms. In addition, the automation of several
subsystems provides a synergistic effect for the whole complex [14]. With the
increasing computing power of gadgets, many smart home technologies and the
Internet of Things have been standardized. Also for them the basic rules and
recommendations for the construction of the finished product at the level of both the
system as a whole and the individual components were defined.
2 Research apparatus
The problem of research is related to the necessity of introducing in the educational
process relevant to modern trends the methods and content of training.
The purpose of the project is to develop a smart home model, design and create a
Mini Smart House.
Achieving the goal of the research is possible by solving the following tasks:
1. Analysis of the conceptual apparatus in the field of Internet of Things;
2. Designing the smart house training model and choosing the hardware components
that will implement the model;
3. Project development through programming of its modules in Arduino IDE
environment;
4. Implementation, testing, debugging of some components of the project.
The object of the study is the Internet of Things technologies.
The subject of the study is a smart home educational model and its implementation
in the form of a Mini Smart House.
To achieve this goal, we used a set of research methods: theoretical – analysis of
scientific and technical sources, generalization, modeling of information processes
occurring in the “smart home”; empirical: observations, analysis of the experience of
using IoT technologies; practical methods for software development and testing.
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The study was tested within the framework of the STEM-Center of the Physics and
Mathematics Faculty of the Volodymyr Hnatyuk TNPU, in particular in the
educational process and during numerous trainings and seminars for students and
teachers of informatics.
3 Results of the study
3.1 Analysis of the basic concepts of the study
Smart home is a system that provides security, resource conservation and comfort for
all users [13]. In the simplest case, it should be able to recognize specific situations in
the home, and respond to them by the developed algorithms.
The term “smart home” does not have a clear definition, and therefore is used
when referring to any system with automated control of the devices, which simplifies
the life of a person and increases his level of comfort. The beginning of the story of
the “smart home” can be considered 1961, when Joel Solomon and Ruth Rodale Spira
invented and patented a special device for smooth regulation of light – dimmer [5].
The first household electronic automation system was called the “home computer
of the Echo IV”, which in 1966 became the first analogue of a “smart home” [15].
The term “smart home” in 1984 was proposed and introduced by the American
Developers Association [6]. It was then that prices for electrical appliances began to
decline, which made it possible to build high-functionality offices.
In the future, scientists and engineers went from theory to practice, introducing
more and more objects using this technology. An important feature and property of
“smart home”, which distinguishes it from other ways of organizing living space, is
that it is the most progressive concept of human interaction with living space, when a
person sets the desired environment with one command, and the automation, in
accordance with external and internal conditions, sets and monitors the operating
modes of all engineering systems and electrical appliances.
All functional features of such a building can be divided into three categories [16]:
─ household functions;
─ entertainment;
─ protection and technological security.
This system does not require many computers and connections. As experience shows,
you can make your home “smart” by your own efforts without making dramatic
changes. Thus, it is an ordinary house or apartment (also, it can be an industrial
object, a shopping mall, etc.), equipped with a “smart” system that does absolutely
any whim, or any desire of its owner and “decides” most household tasks. In such a
house it is not only pleasant to live, but comfortable, safe, profitable.
Nowadays, in the age of digitalization, the components of the “smart home”,
technologies of cloud computing and IoT have considerable pedagogical potential as
an object and a learning tool [3; 7; 9; 10; 11; 12; 17].
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3.2 Designing a Smart Home Model
Functionality, style, comfort, safety are far from being a complete list of what a smart
home can do. IoT technologies are implemented in the concept of the “smart home”
training model, which should provide convenient management of basic household
appliances and the use of renewable power supplies. In our model of “smart home”
we propose the following components:
─ a control center (in the form of a tablet or console), which records and interprets
data from sensors;
─ motion, smoke, flooding, opening windows or doors, light, humidity, temperature;
─ automatic water taps;
─ temperature regulators for batteries;
─ readers of indicators of counters;
─ video intercom;
─ voice assistants (optional).
All of these components have to independently receive data from the sensors and
work according to the developed algorithms. Accordingly, the entire process of their
operation will be subject to control and management from mobile devices via the
Internet. As can be seen from Fig. 1, our model has three levels: commands,
management and communications.
Fig. 1. Educational model of smart home
Mini Smart House embodies a combination of technical, engineering, design
techniques, computer and software engineering (computer networks,
C programming), and demonstrates practical results. The introduction of such projects
into the educational process enables to acquire the skills of modeling the respective
processes and to implement similar technologies in real life. Pupils or students will
learn a self-created system that ensures the safety, comfort, economy and efficiency
of managing their own home and is scaled and customized, ensuring efficiency in
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managing smart home technology. This integration of academic subjects and the
implementation of cross-curricular links will help to prepare the modern specialist.
In our “Smart House” model, we can distinguish the following subsystems:
─ communication;
─ alarm system;
─ lighting control;
─ climate control;
─ monitoring of sensor data;
─ cleanliness control (filling the trash can).
In order to ensure their functioning in practice, appropriate software modules for all
components were developed and optimal development tools were selected (see
description in subsection 3.3) based on the selected hardware elements for our model
(see Table 1).
Table 1. Calculation of the cost of hardware components of the prototype
Name Model Quantity Price UAH
Temperature and humidity
DHT11 1 29
sensor
Sound sensor KY-037 1 29
Hercon sensor for door
MC-38 1 49
opening
Arduino pin extension module I2C на PCF8574T 1 27
LCD 1602 module for Arduino 1602 1 65
Real time clock DS1302-MOD 1 17
Buzzer KY-012 1 18
The engine 1 50
Bluetooth module HC-06 1 100
Ultrasonic distance sensor HC-SR04 1 37
Conductors 30 1
LED 3 1
Arduino Uno 2 209-894
Payless Layout Board MB-102 2 49
Solar battery RF136X110-3 1 120
Plastic 1 40
Plywood 120
Accessories for doors and
10
windows
Laser cutting 100
Other supplies 20
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Our Mini Smart House model should take into account the economic indicators of
resource use. By analyzing the relevant data, you can realize the savings of utility
bills in a smart home.
As the study [8] shows for smart home is characterized by:
─ saving resources:
─ electricity:
in the lighting system – up to 60%;
in the climate control system – up to 40%;
─ gas and water – up to 40%;
─ reduced operating costs:
service savings – up to 20%:
cost savings on staff;
multiple increase of equipment life;
─ prevention of emergencies;
─ increase of profitability and investment attractiveness:
─ more favorable insurance conditions;
─ when renting – the basis for raising the rent.
With the hardware components that implement the model, we have selected the
components of the open Arduino hardware and software project. Table 1 lists them
and provides a cost estimate for creating a Mini Smart House.
3.3 Practical implementation of the model
The practical implementation of the model involves the creation of a layout smart
house. The model is a sketch project of the house, which gives an idea of the artistic
and stylistic decisions of the building, features of its planning.
First of all, we drew a sketch of the house on paper. Then, according to the sketch,
the drawing was done in CorelDraw.
After completing a detailed drawing of the layout, you need to select the material
for its construction. Many different materials are suitable for making a model of
home, but it is most appropriate to use foam, wood or solid cardboard. We have
decided that wood is the most appropriate material for the Mini Smart House
prototype. It is easily machined, reliable and durable. So, we chose the plywood. The
prepared drawings for the laser cutting machine made it possible to cut out the details.
According to the developed drawings, all structural elements are manufactured.
Careful quality work made it easy to connect all the details with each other.
After preparation of all the details, a prototype of the house was assembled, fixed
with PVA glue and with hot gluing. Moving parts are attached to the curtains that are
screwed onto the screws. In general, the prototype looks like this (see Fig. 2).
The defining function of any SMART-system is to respond to the environment, the
parameters of which are measured using sensors, signals, communications and other
integrated elements. The received data is processed through the implementation of
program code. C++ programming language is used for programming in the Arduino
IDE.
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Fig. 2. View of the “Mini Smart House” prototype
Created code from the Arduino IDE environment we upload to the Arduino Uno
board. So we program microcontrollers. Arduino Uno is a widely used open source
microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P microcontroller. It includes
everything you need to conveniently work with your microcontroller: 14 digital inputs
/ outputs (6 of which can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz
resonator, a USB connector, a power connector, connector for programming within
the scheme (ICSP) and the reset button [1].
Three communication protocols can be used to communicate with the Arduino Uno
board: ZigBee, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. Given the instructional model purpose of the
Mini Smart House, we have chosen the Bluetooth protocol that will allow you to
connect to the system using your smartphone or tablet. The disadvantages of
Bluetooth certainly include a small distance of signal propagation. However, in our
model, the connection within 10 meters is stable and allows to save low power
consumption, compact size and relatively low cost of components. Yes, a low-power
transmitter consumes only 0.3 mA in standby mode and averages 30 mA during data
exchange. In addition, Bluetooth provides encryption of data transmitted using an 8-
to 128-bit effective key and one-way or two-way authentication.
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Fig. 3 shows a diagram of how we connected a Bluetooth module to an Arduino
UNO board.
Fig. 3. Bluetooth HC-06 connection scheme
The software to connect the Bluetooth module to the smartphone using the following
code:
#include "alarm.h"
#include "claplight.h"
#include
int ledpin=12;
int BluetoothData;
void bluetooth_setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println("Bluetooth On please press 2-5");
pinMode(ledpin,OUTPUT);
}
void bluetooth_loop() {
if (Serial.available()) {
BluetoothData=Serial.read();
if (BluetoothData == 50) { clap_bl = true;
last_bl = false;
Serial.println("Clap Light On! "); }
if (BluetoothData == 51) { clap_bl = false;
Serial.println("Clap Light Off! ");}
if (BluetoothData == 52) { alarm_bl = true;
Serial.println("Alarm On! "); }
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if (BluetoothData == 53) { alarm_bl = false;
Serial.println("Alarm Off! ");}
}
}
So, via Bluetooth, you can control the use of household appliances such as lighting,
ventilation, alarms and get sensor data: temperature, humidity, landfill.
An example of the implementation of security control Mini Smart House is the
development of alarm systems. To do this, we use a Hercon sensor for door opening
and a piezo speaker. When the door is opened, sensor sends an electrical signal to the
Arduino, which includes a loud alarm sound. You can turn it off or on using
Bluetooth connectivity. The corresponding connection diagram of the mentioned
components is shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Scheme of the alarm system
When the alarm system is on, sensor sends an electrical signal when the door is
opened on the Arduino board, from which the sound is output to the speaker. The
event processing module is as follows:
const int buzzer = 3;
const int sensor = 4;
int state; // 0 close - 1 open switch
int alarm_delay = 500;
int alarm_timer = 0;
bool alarm_bl = true;
void alarm_setup(){ pinMode(sensor, INPUT_PULLUP); }
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void alarm_loop() {
if(!alarm_bl) { noTone(buzzer); return; }
if(alarm_timer < alarm_delay)
{ alarm_timer += 1; return; }
else
alarm_timer = 0;
state = digitalRead(sensor);
if(state==HIGH) {tone(buzzer, 1000); alarm_timer=0;}
else { alarm_timer += 1; noTone(buzzer); }
}
The lighting control subsystem provides convenient switching on and off of the light
without coming into the switch. To do this, the user should just clapped his hands.
The hardware components of this subsystem are a sound sensor and an LED. An
alternative way is to control the lighting from your smartphone. The hardware
connection diagram is shown in Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Scheme of the lighting control subsystem
The processing of subsystem events is carried out by program code.
int ledPin = 12;
int threshoid= 20;
int volume;
int v = 0;
int knowckSensor = A0;
int sensorreading = 0;
int ledState = LOW;
bool clap_bl = true;
bool last_bl = false;
int claplight_delay = 50;
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int claplight_timer = 0;
void claplight_setup(){
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
}
void claplight_loop(){
if(clap_bl == false) {
last_bl = clap_bl;
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
return;
}
else if(last_bl == false && clap_bl == true)
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
last_bl = clap_bl;
v = analogRead(knowckSensor);
if(v >= threshoid) {
if ((sensorreading == 0)) {
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
Serial.println("Knock!");
sensorreading = 1;
}
else {
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
Serial.println("No!");
sensorreading = 0;
}
//v = 0;
delay(50);
}
}
The climate control subsystem uses a temperature sensor and a fan. When the
temperature rises to a certain point, the Arduino controller supplies current to the fan,
and when the temperature drops the fan shuts off. The schematic diagram of the
climate control subsystem is presented in Fig. 6.
In our model of smart home implemented the output of sensor data and date and
time on the screen. The corresponding subsystem contains a screen, a clock module,
sensors. The scheme of their connection is shown in Fig. 7.
Additionally, sensor data is sent in addition to the smartphone.
The Mini Smart House controls the filling of the waste container with the help of
an Arduino board and a proximity sensor. It uses acoustic ultrasonic radiation to
determining the distance to the object. This contactless proximity sensor provides
high accuracy and stability of measurements. Measurement results are virtually
unaffected by solar radiation and electromagnetic noises. Sensor captures the fill level
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of the waste container and sends a signal to the Arduino. If the fill rate is 80% or
more, the message “Trash filled” will be sent to the phone.
Fig. 6. The scheme of the climate control subsystem
Fig. 7. Schematic diagram of the monitoring subsystem
Fig. 8. Scheme of the purity control subsystem
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Software implementation of the module of the fill level of the waste container
subsystem is:
#define trigPin 8
#define echoPin 7
#define led 6
int dumpDelay = 0;
void dump_setup() {
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
}
void dump_loop() {
dumpDelay += 100;
if(dumpDelay < 2000)
return;
dumpDelay = 0;
long duration, distance;
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(3000);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
distance = (duration/2) / 29.1;
Serial.println(distance);
if (duration < 300 || (duration >= 500 || duration <=
0)) digitalWrite(led, HIGH);
else digitalWrite(led, LOW);
}
Nowadays, energy-saving technologies are becoming widespread. In the “Mini Smart
House” prototype, we use a RF136X110-3 on 5V solar battery connected to a Power
Bank battery that nourish our system.
4 Conclusions
The analysis of the possibilities of modern technologies in education (STEM, Smart,
Internet of Things) has given theoretical and methodological basis for the design of
the smart home educational model and development on its basis Mini Smart House.
We have created a finished product that combines technical, engineering, design
methods, computer and software engineering (computer networks, C++
programming) and demonstrates practical result. Using the approaches described
above, we can model relevant processes and implement similar technologies in real
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life. As a result, students can learn a self-created system that provides security,
comfort, economy and efficiency in managing their own home, scalable and
customizable, ensuring efficiency in managing smart home technologies.
The Mini Smart House project is of practical importance to students and teachers.
It can be used in the teaching of various topics in school courses in computer science
and physics.
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