The distribution of two types of attributes (adjectives and nouns in genitive construction) is studied. Busemann's coe cient reveals di erent types of relationship of the adjectival and nominal attributes in the texts of 6 Russian female authors. At the same time it was found that power function ts well the data irrespective of the peculiarities of the authors' individual style revealing a general order of the distribution of the attribute.
To analyze individual styles quite a big list of characteristics is used to adequately reveal author's speech peculiarities and establish reliable bases to di erentiate styles. This list includes a substantial number of speech properties, both formal and semantic [Juola, 2006; Holms, 1994; Rudman, 1998]. One of such properties whose prognostic value in this respect should be tested is the frequency of attributes in the texts of di erent authors in general and of certain attributive types, in particular [Kohler, Altmann, 2014].
The syntactic position of an attribute (adnominal) has at least one important peculiarity|it is not obligatory in verbal syntactic structure and thus is highly optional, depending on the author's inclinations and literary taste. On the other hand attributives play a highly important role in elaborating topics.
As a result one can suppose that the frequency and the patterns of the distribution of di erent types of attributes can serve as an important feature of an author's style. In other words this can serve as an explicit feature for comparing and/or discrimination of the styles of di erent authors.
According to the part of speech of the word used as an attribute di erent types attributes can be established: adjectives (green leaves), pronouns (my friend, this book, and other types of pronouns), participle (dancing people), in nitive (a wish to win), adverb (a room upstairs) and some others. One of the most frequent and semantically important is the genitive construction which in Russian is formed by a noun in genitive case, corresponding to the English genitive of-construction (the book of Peter). Such genitive constructions ( N ) re ect the nominal strategy of description, opposing it to a more standard strategy of the use of adjectives ( A ).
Here some questions may arise|are the relations between the frequencies of both types ( N and A ) constant for all the authors and if not-to what extent they di er in di erent texts? These questions are viewed on the material of the data-base which includes 6 feminine Russian authors (Tokareva, Ulitskaya, Tolstaya, Marinina, Ustinova, Polyakova). The choice was motivated by the following reasons: all the authors are of the same gender; they are very popular in their genres; the genres of their novels are rather di erent: the rst three authors are writers of belle lettres style, the last three ones are detective writers. 2
For the analysis the samples from 3 books by each author were chosen for the analysis. The samples were of 1000 words length and were taken from the beginning of each book. The list of the novels is given in the appendix. Adjectival and genitive attributes were marked in the samples.
To nd out the proportions between these two types of attributes Busemann's coe cient was used [Altmann, 2015]:
where C is Busemann's coe cient, A stands for all the adjectival attributes, G stands for all the genitive attributes.
The coe cient values can vary between 0 (genitive attributes are absent completely) and 1 (no adjectival attributes were registered). High values of C (C > 0:5) show that G |constructions play a more important role in description, low values of the coe cient (C < 0:5) indicate the predominance of A in the style of the author. To test the results chi-square statistic was used [Andreev, M stecky, Altmann, 2018]:
C =
G A + G
; 2 = (A
A + G
G)2 : (1) (2)
Busemann's coe cient is statistically signi cant with 1 degree of freedom and p < 0:05 if 2 > 3:4 . 3
The results of the analysis are shown in Table 1. In all cases the results proved to be statistically signi cant. Ranking the values of C in increasing order one can get the following graphical image. As seen from Figure 1 texts form a gently rising curve. It is noteworthy that in many cases texts by the same author are positioned close to one another. Thus three novels by Ustinova (13{15) are placed next to each other and besides are characterized by nearly the same values of the coe cient. Close to one another are T1 and T3 (Tokareva), T5 and T6 (Ulitskaya), T7 and T9 (Tolstaya), T11 and T12 (Marinina). This demonstrates a comparatively similar relations of two types of attributes in the works of the same author. It should also be noted that the authors of detectives have somewhat lower values of the coe cient.
The next step was to analyze the relationship of genitives and adjectival attributes in its development from the beginning of the samples to the end. For this purpose the number of all adjectival attributes found before each genitive in the text were counted on a cumulative basis.
As an example, let us consider the development of the relations of these two attribute types over the text in two novels: \Skazat'-ne skazat' " by Tokareva (T1) and \Moye vtoroye ya" by Polyakova (T16). The results of the counts in these two texts are represented in table 2. In the rst column the ordinal number of genitive each construction in the text is given. In the second column the number of all adjectival attributes which come in the text before this given genitive construction are summarized. The third column contains theoretically expected (according to the formula) frequencies of adjectival attributes.
The formula is as follows [Naumann et al., 2012]: y = a xb , where a and b are parameters.
The results are shown in Figures 2 and 3 in graphical form. A shown in the gures the observed frequencies of adjectival attributes (dots) are very near to those theoretically expected, shown as a full line (curve).
The values of the parameters a and b are as follows. For T1 a = 4:274 , b = 0:812 ; for T16 a = 1:638 ; b = 1:275 . If b < 1 the curve is concave ( gure 2), if b > 1 the curve is convex ( gure 3) [Naumann et al., 2012: 26{27].
Table 3 contains the values of the parameters a and b of the power function and the coe cient of determination R2 for all 18 texts.
R2 for all the novels is very high which proves good tting. Parameter b showing the increase or decrease of adjectival attributes towards the end is rater di erent even in the novels of the same writer. Only in case (Ulitskayay) all the novels of the same author show the same tendency of gradually decreasing the number of adjectives over the text as in all fer novels (T4|6) b < 1 . The biggest increase in the number of adjectival attributes and, correspondingly decrease of the genitives is seen in T2 and T3 (Tokareva). Vice versa, the largest increase of the number of genitives takes place in the novel of Ulitskaya (6). Marinina (10|12) demonstrates highly balanced relationship of adjectival attributes and genitives from beginning to the end of her novels.
On the whole the analysis revealed the existence of general tendencies as well as certain di erences in style. Di erent aspects of relations between two main types of attributes in text makes it possible to estimate the role of di erent kinds of descriptiveness in an author's style and can be used as objective criteria for the di erentiation and classi cation of styles. It should be noted that to get a more complete picture of such relationship of di erent types of attributes further steps are needed.