Construction of the Simulation Model of Transportation Oil Products Moissev V.I. Karpova T.S Ksenofontova V.A. Higher mathematics, Emperor Information and Computing Higher mathematics, Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg Systems, Emperor Alexander I Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University St. Petersburg State Transport State Transport University Saint-Petersburg, Russia University Saint-Petersburg, Russia moiseev_v_i@list.ru Saint-Petersburg, Russia koc-vera@yandex.ru t.s.karpova@gmail.com geographical capabilities of the country, is not anticipated [Car]. 2. The ability to provide bulk cargo delivery by rail, unlike road transport, which has a maximum Abstract volume of one tank-vehicle cargo of 25 tons. At New method of transportation of viscous the same time, the specialized rolling stock in 45 petroleum products is proposed, ensuring wagons is able to carry cargo weighing up to their high average temperature and fluidity 3000 tons [Zhe17]. without the use of thermal insulation of the 3. The unisonality of transport in contrast to water railway tank boiler and ground heating. A transport. simulation model for the transportation of Let us consider in detail the scheme of transportation of viscous petroleum products was constructed viscous oil products (Figure 1). using a new method of modeling the The most energy-intensive and expensive processes are physical process, allowing to estimate the heating petroleum products before unloading and amount of resources consumed draining, as well as cleaning the boiler of the railway tank Keywords. Viscous oil products, railway from the remains of petroleum products with preliminary transportation, simulation model. evaporation, disposal and disposal of a large amount of waste [Gon89]. 1 INTRODUCTION Oil and petroleum products are the most important component of freight transportation of Russian railway transport, yielding only coal in volume. According to data for 2018, oil and petroleum products account for more than 15.3% of the total volume of cargo delivered by RZD. The revenue from transportation of oil and petroleum products is 27.5% of the total income received by RZD [Khu19, Bal08]. 2 CURRENT CONDITION OF TRANSPORT OF VISCOUS OIL PRODUCTS The advantages of railway transport, which determine its demand, are as follows: 1. According to data for 2018, the main volumes of oil cargo transportation are in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Omsk Region, the republic of Bashkortostan, the Krasnoyarsk Territory and other regions of Siberia. The delivery of viscous petroleum products from oil refineries concentrated in the central part of the country to the end user or terminals is carried out mainly by rail. And there is no alternative to this situation at this time. In the future, taking into account the Figure 1: Scheme Of Transportation Of Viscous Oil Copyright c by the paper's authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). In: A. Products. Khomonenko, B. Sokolov, K. Ivanova (eds.): Selected Papers of the Models and Methods of Information Systems Research Workshop, St. Petersburg, Russia, 4-5 Dec. 2019, published at http://ceur-ws.org 103 A significant role here is played by: places of interaction between the transported cargo and the • Long distances and low branching of walls of the boiler, the viscous oil product solidifies, railways, which lead to long-term transport forming a high-viscosity layer, which has a small thermal duration. conductivity, which itself becomes thermal insulation. • During transportation, transported oil As a result, the bulk of the product remains in a fluid state products are cooled, and in dark petroleum throughout the transport. In this case, when unloading into products (masuts, oils, paraffin oil products, the warming-up, a small share of the transported cargo etc.) viscosity increases so much that their (not more than 10%) is required. The unloading and discharge without long and intensive heating cleaning process is approaching summer time standards. necessary for the restoration of fluidity The advantage of this type of transport is the use of the becomes impossible [Moi12, Bak04]. existing fleet of general-purpose railway tanks. These problems lead to the fact that transportation of dark petroleum products is a labor-intensive, long-term and 3 SIMULATION MODEL expensive operation, which causes low turnover of tank To assess the cost effectiveness of the proposed mode of wagons, requiring expensive equipment and high costs of transportation, a number of simulation models heat energy and water (steam). of various processes of transportation of petroleum products were developed, allowing to conduct functional 2 STRATIFICATION OF VISCOUS OIL and cost analysis. As an instrumental environment was PRODUCTS (NEW TRANSPORTATION MODEL) used the domestic platform Business Studio [Bis,Kse19]. The most rapid cooling of viscous petroleum products in The modeling used BPMN notation, which allows a very the first 20-25 hours after pouring into the railway tank, thin and precise description of the simulated business when the temperature of the petroleum product is high, process. and the viscosity is small [Zhe17]. With Business Studio, you can see how many times each Cooling of cargo occurs due to mixed free-forced process has been started, what processes are waiting to convection through the walls of the boiler of the railway run, and why (lack of material resources), the average tank. As a result, cooled during transportation, the load number of launches per day. The consumption of material during unloading needs to be heated to restore fluidity. resources (pair) is visible. This problem is particularly acute in winter, which in Let's consider one of the most expensive processes of some regions of the country can last up to 8 months transportation of oil products - cleaning of the railway tank [Mik77,Mon65] from the remains of cargo, including preparatory Now, specialized railway tanks are used to slow down the operations, draining of residues and cleaning of the tank freezing of viscous petroleum products: With a steam- directly. The duration of the cleaning of the railway tank heater cover, with stationary steam coils, with thermal depends on the nature of the cargo, the period of delivery insulation of the boiler walls, etc. Their disadvantage is (winter or summer) and can amount to 5-6 hours in winter, that these railway tanks have a large mass of containers, unlike the summer time, when the cleaning of the tank which, creating excessive loads on the axle of wheel pairs, takes only 1,5-2 hours. causes the need to reduce the weight of the load. The We will carry out simulation of the process of cleaning the consequence of the use of specialized trains is the non- boiler of the tank-car in winter period at work of one drain productivity of transportation and a very large, empty run, device and average temperature of air -25̊С. The result of usually reaching 50% [Mor06]. the simulation is visible in Fig.2. One possible way to reduce the cost of railway The diagram shows that during the past day, a composition transportation is to slow down the rate of cooling of consisting of 22 railway tanks arrived at the wash-and-row viscous petroleum products during transportation by station. Of this number, 6 railway tanks were completely transferring them to stratified state at the time of loading. cleaned, another 17 are waiting for their turn. This non-equilibrium condition can be achieved by In Table 1, it is shown that process "Steaming" was increasing the density of the cargo carried at the bottom of launched 21 times, in 18 cases it is completed, and in 3 it the railway tank even during loading. Directly in the is being carried out at the moment. The queue was formed Table 1: Calculate The Number Of Processes Running In Winter Figure 2: Simulation Of The Process Cleaning Of The Tank In Winter 104 during the "Solvent washing" process, which was Three climatic zones are allocated for clarity of launched 18 times, of which in 8 cases the process was calculation. starts per day implementati Expected the The average The average Awaits in a completion Completed number of number of in process Launched material per day Awaits queue ons Process A2.3.1.11.6 Wash tank 22 6 16 - - - 22 6 A2.3.1.11.6.1 Data transfer operator 22 22 0 0 0 0 22 22 A2.3.1.11.6.2 Intoduce data of system 22 22 0 0 0 0 22 22 A2.3.1.11.6.3 Steaming 22 21 1 0 0 0 22 21 A2.3.1.11.6.4 Solvent washing 21 7 0 0 14 0 21 7 A2.3.1.11.6.5 Washing water 7 7 0 0 0 0 7 7 A2.3.1.11.6.6 Drying and degassing of tank 7 6 1 0 0 0 7 6 A2.3.1.11.6.7 Refilling pouring valve 9 6 1 0 0 0 6 6 TOTAL 107 91 2 0 14 0 completed, and in 10 cases railway tank wait for their turn. 1. The 1st climatic zone, to which the south the country belongs with a duration of winter Table 2 shows how much steam was used during the period up to 3 months and an average "Washing water" process. In total, this process was started temperature of -9,5̊С and a summer period 6 times. In the column "Operand" we see the steam flow with an average temperature of + 30̊С. for each running process. In the column "Output Value" is reflected how much steam was used. 2. The 2nd climatic zone, to which the Primorsky region belongs, the central, Table 2: Calculation Of Steam Consumption In Winter Process Date and time Operation Input valve Operator Operand Output valve A2.3.1.11.6 Wash tank inst.№1 03.12.2019 04:40:00 A2.3.1.11.6.5 Washing water 0 + 859,4854 859,4854 A2.3.1.11.6 Wash tank inst.№2 03.12.2019 07:40:00 A2.3.1.11.6.5 Washing water 859,4854 + 836,8943 1696,3798 A2.3.1.11.6 Wash tank inst.№3 03.12.2019 09:50:00 A2.3.1.11.6.5 Washing water 1696,3798 + 820,7522 2417,132 A2.3.1.11.6 Wash tank inst.№4 03.12.2019 12:40:00 A2.3.1.11.6.5 Washing water 2517,132 + 823,4373 3340,5693 A2.3.1.11.6 Wash tank inst.№5 03.12.2019 15:40:00 A2.3.1.11.6.5 Washing water 3340,5693 + 832,5056 4173,0749 A2.3.1.11.6 Wash tank inst.№6 03.12.2019 18:10:00 A2.3.1.11.6.5 Washing water 4173,0749 + 810,3542 4983,4291 western and northwestern parts of the battle With the new loading system, petroleum products come to with a duration of the winter period up to 5 the end user in a hot state and practically does not need months and an average winter temperature of heating during draining. Therefore, the cleaning process -10̊С and summer temperature of +25̊С will be similar to the summer time of the year. Let us carry out simulation at work of one drain device and average temperature of air 18̊С. The result of the simulation is visible in Fig.3. The wash-and-row station received a composition consisting of 20 tank wagons. Of these, when one is working with one drain device, completely cleaned 16. The Table 3 show the average number of launches per day and the material consumption. The process "Washing water", for example, was launched 17 times, of which 16 are completed, and 1 are waiting in the queue. It is clear from Table 4 that during the cleaning of 16 tank wagons in summer less steam was spent than the winter period for cleaning 6 railway tanks. The final Table 5 shows the amount of steam used to clean the tank during summer and winter periods, depending on the climate zone, calculated using the Business Studio platform. 105 Figure 3: Calculate The Number Of Process Cleaning Of The Tank In Summer Table 3: Calculate The Number Of Processes Running In Summer implementation completion per starts per day Expected the The average The average Awaits in a Completed number of number of in process Launched material Awaits queue day Process s A2.3.1.11.6 Wash tank 20 16 4 - - - 20 16 A2.3.1.11.6.1 Data transfer operator 20 20 0 0 0 0 20 20 A2.3.1.11.6.2 Intoduce data of system 20 20 0 0 0 0 20 20 A2.3.1.11.6.3 Steaming 20 18 2 0 0 0 20 18 A2.3.1.11.6.4 Solvent washing 18 17 0 0 1 0 18 17 A2.3.1.11.6.5 Washing water 17 16 1 0 0 0 17 16 A2.3.1.11.6.6 Drying and degassing of 16 16 0 0 0 0 16 16 tank A2.3.1.11.6.7 Refilling pouring valve 16 16 0 0 0 0 16 16 TOTAL 127 123 3 0 1 0 Table 4: Calculation Of Steam Consumption In Summer Input Output Process Date and time Operation Operator Operand valve valve A2.3.1.11.6 Wash tank inst.№02 03.12.2019 05:10:00 A2.3.1.11.6.5 Washing water 401,768 + 418,703 817,471 A2.3.1.11.6 Wash tank inst.№03 03.12.2019 06:20:00 A2.3.1.11.6.5 Washing water 817,471 + 429,2333 1246,7043 A2.3.1.11.6 Wash tank inst.№04 03.12.2019 07:40:00 A2.3.1.11.6.5 Washing water 1246,7043 + 392,7268 1639,4311 A2.3.1.11.6 Wash tank inst.№05 03.12.2019 11:50:00 A2.3.1.11.6.5 Washing water 1639,4311 + 413,4642 2082,8953 A2.3.1.11.6 Wash tank inst.№06 03.12.2019 12:40:00 A2.3.1.11.6.5 Washing water 2052,8953 + 412,3968 2465,2922 A2.3.1.11.6 Wash tank inst.№07 03.12.2019 13:40:00 A2.3.1.11.6.5 Washing water 2465,2922 + 403,5332 2868,8254 A2.3.1.11.6 Wash tank inst.№08 03.12.2019 14:50:00 A2.3.1.11.6.5 Washing water 2868,8254 + 401,3142 3270,1396 A2.3.1.11.6 Wash tank inst.№09 03.12.2019 16:00:00 A2.3.1.11.6.5 Washing water 3270,1396 + 410,0197 3680,1594 A2.3.1.11.6 Wash tank inst.№10 03.12.2019 16:30:00 A2.3.1.11.6.5 Washing water 3680,1594 + 405,8139 4085,9732 A2.3.1.11.6 Wash tank inst.№11 03.12.2019 17:30:00 A2.3.1.11.6.5 Washing water 4085,9732 + 421,1948 4507,168 A2.3.1.11.6 Wash tank inst.№12 03.12.2019 18:50:00 A2.3.1.11.6.5 Washing water 4507,168 + 410,0919 4917,26 A2.3.1.11.6 Wash tank inst.№13 03.12.2019 19:50:00 A2.3.1.11.6.5 Washing water 4917,26 + 403,3065 5320,5664 A2.3.1.11.6 Wash tank inst.№14 03.12.2019 21:00:00 A2.3.1.11.6.5 Washing water 5320,5664 + 393,7696 5714,3361 A2.3.1.11.6 Wash tank inst.№15 03.12.2019 22:00:00 A2.3.1.11.6.5 Washing water 5714,3361 + 414,0233 6128,3593 A2.3.1.11.6 Wash tank inst.№16 03.12.2019 23:00:00 A2.3.1.11.6.5 Washing water 6128,3593 + 400,7783 6529,1377 106 3. The 3rd climatic zone, which includes the 5. In the future, for more complete calculations, it regions of Siberia and the far East, with a is planned to integrate a process that takes into winter period of up to 8 months and an account external factors into the existing model. average temperature of -22̊С in winter, and in summer +18̊С. References [Bak04] Bakhtizin R.N. and other Transportation and Table 5: The amount of steam used to clean the tank storage of high-viscosity oils and oil products. in different climatic zones Use of electric heating. Moscow, Chemistry, 1st climate zone 2nd climate zone 3rd climate zone 2004. 193 p Number of railway [Bal08] Balashov A.K. Russian railways. SPB, Peter, 17 17 18 Summer season tanks, pcs Consumption of steam 2008 5375,68 6041,54 7061,10 [Bis] https://www.businessstudio.ru/ is only, kg Consumption of steam [Car] https://www.cargo-report.info/ on average for one 316 355 392,28 [Gon89] Goncharov V.P. Draining of railway tanks of railway tank, kg Number of railway high-viscosity oil products and other cargoes 5 5 5 with two-phase environment // Transport and tanks, pcs Winter season Consumption of steam 5603 5798,35 6647,98 storage of oil products and hydrocarbon raw is only, kg materials: NTIS. -M.: CNIITTEneftekhim, Consumption of steam on average for one 1120,6 1159,67 1329,6 №4, 1989. Page 26-33 railway tank, kg [Kse19] Ksenofontova V.A., Karpova T.S., Moiseeva V.I. Lolips// Russian Patent No. 2019666553. 2019. The data obtained using the simulation model correspond [Khu19] Khusainov V.I., Ozhereleva M.V. Transportation to the data obtained from the calculation [Tkt16]. of coal and oil cargo by rail: Current status and The Figure 4 shows the change in the vapor mass (G) from prospects, Transport of the Russian the ambient temperature (t) at the thickness of the oil Federation, SPb, 2019 Page 22-27 deposits on the walls of the tank 0,02m. [Mik77] Mikheev M.A. and other Bases of heat transfer. M.: "Energy", 1977 [Moi12] Moiseev V.I. Theory and models of heat-mass 1200 G,kg transfer processes in transport operations with 1000 solidified liquid cargoes. Thesis for the degree 800 of Doctor of Technical Sciences. St. Petersburg, 600 PGUPS, 2012 400 [Mon65] Monin A.S., Yaglom a.m., Statistical hydromechanics. Moscow: "Science", 1965 200 [Mor06] Morchiladze I.G., Nikodimov A.P., Sokolov 0 M.m., Tretyakov A.V. Railway tanks. – -35 -25 -15 -5 5 15 25 35 Moscow: IBS-Holding, 2006 [Tkt16] Tktashev R.N., Krylov E.V., Kirillova L.P., t,̊C Erokhin A.V. Calculation of steam Figure 4: Changes In Steam Mass From Ambient consumption and heat up rate of cystrna boiler, Temperature Modern tendencies of development of science and technology. Belgorod, 2016, Page 113-117 [Zhe17] Zhebanov A.V. Management of heat-physical 4 CONCLUSION processes in oil products during their A new way of transportation of viscous petroleum transportation in a heat-insulated tank. Thesis products is proposed. A simulation model for the for the degree of candidate of technical transportation of petroleum products was constructed, sciences. St. Petersburg, PGUPS allowing to estimate the amount of resources necessary for heating the oil product before unloading and during the cleaning of the railway tank. Advantages of the built model: 1. For the first time a new method for modeling physical processes was used. 2. To build the simulation model, a new tool was used, which was previously used exclusively for modeling economic business processes. 3. The domestic Business Studio platform was used as a tool environment. 4. The data obtained from simulation are consistent with the data obtained from the calculation. 107 108