=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-2581/aesp2020paper6
|storemode=property
|title=Exploration of Lean Management Methods
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2581/aesp2020paper6.pdf
|volume=Vol-2581
|authors=Robert Friedemann,Michaela Gläß
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/se/FriedemannG20
}}
==Exploration of Lean Management Methods==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2581/aesp2020paper6.pdf
Exploration of Lean Management Methods
Dr. Robert Friedemann, MBA Prof. Dr. Michaela Gläß, MBA
Faculty of Economics Faculty of Economics
University of Applied Sciences University of Applied Sciences
Zwickau, Germany Zwickau, Germany
robert.friedemann@fh-zwickau.de michaela.glaeß@fh-zwickau.de
Abstract— In the context of this paper the adaptation of the II. METHODOLOGY
classical Lean methods to the automated and ultramodern
manufacturing processes of modern production is to be carried A. Lean and ERP
out. The Lean methods were developed in the automotive and When comparing the intentions of ERP and Lean, some,
mechanical engineering industries, so that they can often only here only selected, cooperating goals can be determined.
be used to a limited extent for modern, highly automated mass
These include
production.
• Efficient use of resources
Keywords—Lean Management, Exploration, Methods,
NACE • No waste
I. INTRODUCTION • Layout optimization
While Lean in the early years largely dispensed with • Lead time optimization
information technology development, an important part of
the third industrial revolution was the development of • Minimization of consumables
enterprise resource planning systems. The basic goal of an • Optimization of the circulation stock
ERP system is to efficiently and effectively manage,
influence and design the resources of all business areas. This • Minimization of bearings
paper will show a Lean exploration related on the focused • Among other things
methods of the hidden industries in the European union. So
the mindset for a Lean shopfloor which could be automatized This shows a certain synergy effect which is
and provided by an successful ERP implementation. controversially discussed in specialist media. This is due to
the fact that the introduction of ERP systems works
Lean Management has been an established and efficient successfully in only 39% of cases, every fifth project fails
management tool since the end of the 1980s and enjoys great and around 64% of all projects are too tight in terms of time.
popularity in mechanical engineering and automotive This shows that there is clear potential for improvement even
engineering. During a period of more than ten years, clear during the introduction of ERP systems. For example,
tendencies can be observed that companies from other organizational methods such as FiFo, Just in Time, Just in
branches of industry as well as service companies are using Sequence, Kanban, Poka Yoke, Muda, Muri or even 5S [22,
Lean Management approaches to make their business 23] can already be taken into account when setting up the
processes significantly more efficient. From their own ERP system. For customers, this results in two advantages:
experience and coordination with other Lean experts, the the process flow is made significantly more efficient and the
idea has grown to review and evaluate the transformation and security and traceability of the data in the system can be
applicability in other areas. The problem of this research increased.
focuses on the manifold variance of various production
plants and the interactive interface between human efficiency Extensive research by the Kufstein University of Applied
and personnel optimization, as it is required in Lean Sciences under the direction of Prof. Dr. Martin Adam shows
Management, as well as the logistically optimized production that almost half of ERP manufacturers support Lean
area. Only the areas of production and process development Management in their software, but only a fraction of users
is considered, as the utilization factor is estimated at its use the functionalities. In his PhD thesis, Dr. Daryl Powell
highest and a consideration of all operational processes in the describes the connection between Lean and ERP as a
context of this article is estimated as not manageable. For paradox. As an example, he cites the controversial goals of
methods with problems in the application [1], an adaptation fixed lead time for ERP in contrast to one-piece flow and
for the special requirements is to be developed. The methods just-in-time. With regard to this Symantik the inclusion of
of Lean Management are to be applied as a fundamental Lean in ERP systems is again not possible. Furthermore, he
approach to the entire production chain. At this point, a shows in his work that since the 1990s the demands placed
conflict arises between automated manufacturing, the classic on manufacturing companies have continued to change and
one-piece flow and the pull strategy. The article will start at that Lean Management requirements must be mapped in
this point of conflict and identify suitable methods with relation to a successful company. Modern ERP systems
quantitative and qualitative research and network difficult support this.
methods across industries.[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14]
Lean Management has been used successfully for many
years and has many supporters as well as some opponents.
The same can be shown for the application of Lean
Copyright © 2020 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).AESP20: 1st
Workshop on Requirement Management in Enterprise Systems Projects @ SE20, Innsbruck, Austria 29
Management methods in the implementation and use of ERP While in Germany and Austria there is compulsory
systems by referring to the selected sources. In the following membership in the chamber structure for many areas, in
exploration, the optimal methodical Lean setup for the Switzerland there is no comparable obligation in the chamber
individual industries will be determined, which can be used and economic structure, which makes it difficult to consider
both in the pre-structuring before the ERP implementation or all German-speaking countries. For this reason, the
in the ERP system for each industry. consideration in Switzerland is left out and only the German-
speaking area of Germany and Austria is considered. The
B. Surveyed Industries focus for ERP implementation is set in the German speaking
The NACE classification, the statistical classification of area, so with the substitutional choosing of the most
economic activities in the European Community (French: important industries this set up with the twelve biggest
Nomenclature statistique des activités économiques dans la sectors is used.
Communauté européenne) was developed by the European
Union on the basis of the ISIC (International Standard C. Exploration
Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities) of the The explorative cross-industry research is carried out
United Nations. [15] This development goes back to the with a survey of fifteen Lean experts from industry and
1960s, when the ISIC was already being worked on by the science. The most of them also have and process and
UN in 1948. In Germany, a standardized aggregate called enterprise resource planning background. 15 experts are seen
aggregate A*38 or A*38 code was created for the national as the lower optimal limit of specialist interviews. In
accounts, which represents the NACE classification in 38 preparation, a research of all available Lean methods was
categories. [16] Although this classification does not carried out. The identified Lean methods were then described
correspond to NACE, it can be mapped directly in the and defined. This elaboration is then implemented in the
system. The following table shows the comparison of the interview guideline in order to provide the Lean managers
2008 NACE revision with the A*38 code. [15, 16] In the with clues for possibly unknown methods. [17] Due to the
middle is the simplification of the standards in order to known problems in various industries, the explorative survey
generalise and simplify the statistical surveys of the article. is carried out with specialists from these areas and also from
other areas to identify problems in the application
A*38-Code NACE Rev. 2 environment and to optimize the composition of the expert
CA 10 to 12 team for the performance of the research. The explorative
survey is conducted in three dimensions. For each method, a
CB 13 to 15 decision must be made as to whether the application is
CC 16 to 18 conceivable in the professional environment, whether the
method has already been used and in which other branches of
CD 19 industry the application is conceivable. Numbered scales are
used, but they are described verbally for each point. In
CE 20 general, the participant has a better description available and
CF 21 therefore the questions do not have to be scaled personally.
The disadvantage is the ordinality of the data, as these cannot
CG 22 to 23 simply be evaluated. In this questionnaire, an evaluation
CH 24 to 25 level from "1" to "10" is provided, which is described in
advance for each level in textual form. With this
CI 26 questionnaire representation, the advantages and
disadvantages of the questionnaire technique are to be
CJ 27 optimally used for this survey in the form of an ordinal scale.
CK 28 The degree of application is to be answered with a number
from "1" to "10", where "1" stands for a 100% possibility of
CL 29 to 30 application/experience and "10" for no suitability at all. This
CM 31 to 33 describes the quantitative part of exploration.[18] Bortz and
Döring [19] also describe the ordinal scale as a suitable type
of scale for such surveys. The survey was conducted online
As the work draws its experimental focus from
and anonymously.
semiconductor and microsystems engineering and data
processing and digitalization, Division 26 of the NACE
classification has deliberately been divided into three
subgroups: data processing, electronics/optics and
semiconductors/MST. Divisions 10-18, 22-25 and 27-30 are
completely preserved in their meaning, only their names are
simplified. Divisions 19-21 have been combined under the
generic term of the chemical industry, since the chemical-
pharmaceutical industry is also spoken of in professional
associations and similarities are assumed in the shop floor.
With this separation of the industries related to a
successful Lean Management method implementation the
pre-job for ERP projects is done. Each company could be
provided before starting an ERP implementation project with
the best acting methods for optimizing the company. Fig. 1. Dimension of the survey
AESP20: 1st Workshop on Requirement Management in Enterprise Systems Projects @ SE20, Innsbruck, Austria 30
The three-dimensional survey shown must be carried out has his/her own experience with the method and how he/she
for each method in the areas of production and production will look into its applicability in the simplified industries.
development. From the approach of the survey several
directions of answers result, which are composed as follows: The evaluation is to be carried out in whole numbers
from "1" to "10" for one's own experience and each industry.
• Assessment of the applicability of the respective Levels 1-3 indicate that the method is applicable; 4-7
method in production/process development from 0% corresponds to a partial, i.e. problematic, applicability of the
to 100%; method. 8-10 indicates that the method is not applicable. The
gradations within the answer groups should give the
• own practical experience with the respective method participant the opportunity to create gradations within the
in production/process development from 0% to group. The levels should have the following description [18]:
100%;
1: The method can be used without restriction, there are
• Assessment of the applicability of the respective no obstacles in the implementation.
method in the production/process development of the
individual branches of industry from 0% to 100%; 2: The method can be used without restrictions, an
introduction to the topic is required.
In order to be able to make a statement of the highest
possible quality, the group of experts interviewed is made up 3: The method can be used without restrictions, further
as follows: training in the subject is required.
• Key Expert Lean Production of a leading 4: The method is partially applicable, small modifications
optoelectronics company for the application must be made.
• Production engineer of a leading optoelectronics 5: The method is partially applicable, modifications for
company the application must be made.
• Head of microtechnology training at a world-leading 6: The method is partially applicable, larger
technology group modifications for the application must be made.
7: The method is partially applicable, large modifications
• Plant manager of a medium-sized electronics
for the application must be made, the application usually
company in the Upper Palatinate
shows no success.
• Production technician of a worldwide leading
8: The method is not applicable, although the structure
automotive supplier
corresponds to an applicability.
• Production manager of a German pressing plant 9: The method is not applicable, the structure would have
• Lean manager of a German stamping plant to be changed significantly to make the method applicable.
• IT production expert for a European pharmaceutical 10: The method is not applicable; no possibilities are
company seen to modify this method to make it applicable.
• Project engineer and member of the examination It is analysed whether there are significant differences in
board for production technology at an educational individual methods and where the median and the arithmetic
institution in Bavaria mean are located. At the same time, the standard deviation
and the number of participants and experts in this field are
• Head of a Master's programme in Business Process noted and compared, as it were, from which area this
Management at an Austrian university of applied evaluation comes. [20] The evaluation is carried out under
sciences the following conditions. A method counts as safe to use in
the industry if the addition of the mean with the standard
• Professor for Operations Management at a German deviation is less than 3.5. This ensures that the mean
University of Applied Sciences variation is within the safe limit. This evaluation is
• Professor of Industrial Production at a State determined for all participants of the explorative analysis and
Academy of Studies for the specialists of the respective industry. If the standard
deviation is greater than the applicability limit of 3.5 when
• Professor of International Management and Head of added to the mean, it is no longer ensured that the
an Institute for Management and Information at a applicability of the method is within the safe applicable limit.
German University of Applied Sciences The method is then assessed as applicable. This assessment
• Professor of General Business Administration at a is determined for all participants of the explorative analysis
Hungarian University and for the specialists of the respective industry. A method
counts as partially applicable in the industry if the mean of
• Senior Process Engineer of a leading optoelectronics the measurement is greater than 3.5 but less than 7.5. This
company evaluation is determined for all participants of the
explorative analysis and for the specialists of the respective
The questionnaire asks 51 of the most common Lean industry. A method counts as not applicable if the mean is
methods. The methods have been researched in detail. After greater than or equal to 7.5. This evaluation is determined for
initially identifying 100 Lean methods, 51 methods were all participants of the explorative analysis and for the
retained after shortening the methods with the same content specialists of the respective industry.
but different names and combining combined methods. For
each question, the interviewee should decide whether he/she
AESP20: 1st Workshop on Requirement Management in Enterprise Systems Projects @ SE20, Innsbruck, Austria 31
The evaluation of the explorative analysis is carried out impression of how representative the industry is. In column
using simple statistical means. Since a complete statistical nine, the number of responses is divided by the number of
evaluation with distribution considerations is very difficult experts in the field. This ratio is used to determine a certain
for a maximum of 15 participants and industries, some of degree of certainty in the statement. If there are factors
which are only represented by one participant, and since greater than 100%, this answer was answered by more
statistical certainty is far from being established in the participants than by specialists in this field. If the factor is
population as a whole. Since a distribution can only be tested greater than 0% but less than or equal to 100%, fewer
with great uncertainty with such a small number of participants answered this question than specialists in this
participants in an exploration, a comparison is made here field are available. If the value is exactly 0%, no expert has
between the mean value, standard deviation and median in evaluated this industry.
relation to the response of all experts and the response of the
experts within the industry. The evaluation is carried out The visualisation of the evaluation of the explorative
using Microsoft Excel and Camline Cornerstone. Since a survey is carried out with the help of a table and two
number of 15 participants is far from representative of the diagrams per examined method. In the table, the mean value,
entire population, no typical distribution functions are used the standard deviation, the standard deviation are subtracted
from the mean value, the mean value plus the standard
here, but only a simple statistical evaluation is carried out to
evaluate the significance of the answers of all specialists. By deviation, the median, the number of participants, the
looking at the standard deviation in relation to the mean industry, the number of experts per industry and the factor
value, it is shown, even with a small sample of n maximum described above are determined for the individual industry
15, how large the dispersion of the results around the mean sectors and the individual experience. The evaluation is
value is. carried out according to the criteria of safe applicability,
applicable, partially applicable or not applicable. The first
In order to exclude this effect in the survey, the mean and diagram serves as a statistical representation of the method.
median are used. After collecting the data, the mean, median The crossed line in the middle visualizes the mean value of
and standard deviation are calculated for each question the method. The wide bars describe the confidence interval
group. Depending on whether the mean value and median are around the mean with plus and minus a standard deviation.
very different, a larger dispersion of the values can be The boundary points describe the extreme values of the
assumed. In the comparison of the arithmetic mean, the result evaluation. With the help of this diagram, the statistical
of which includes all distributions of the results, with the representation of the methods is to take place and a clear
median, which lies centrally in the absolute numbers of the evaluation is to be represented. The second diagram shows
values. If both values deviate from each other, this indicates the mean value, the median, the mean value plus the standard
that there is no equal distribution on both sides around the deviation and the mean value minus the standard deviation.
mean value. In the overall consideration of the This should help to illustrate whether the method is about a
subtraction/addition of the mean value with the standard very large dispersion or whether the mean and median are far
deviation in comparison to the median, a fundamental apart or close to each other, this should give an indication of
statement can thus be made about the certainty of the result the distribution of the answers and show the reader whether
and the dispersion of the answers. Further consideration of there is a continuous or statistical fluctuation over the small
the standard deviation gives an impression of the width of number of participants in the exploration.
the distribution in relation to the position of the mean value
compared to the distribution shift in relation to the median. III. ANALYSIS
The decision of the evaluation is made according to the A. Overview of analysis
description.
In general, automotive technology and semiconductor
From this statistical statement, the methods are identified and microsystems technology are best represented. This is
which have to be analysed in the qualitative part of the work. because Lean Management is most widespread in automotive
Based on this description, the authors formulate hypotheses, engineering. The electrical engineering, mechanical
which should form a suitable basis for the expert evaluation. engineering and electronics and optics industries are still
These hypotheses represent specific relationships between well represented, with two participants each. One
the individual areas. representative will be provided from the fields of metal
The methods that are confirmed with "pass", a green construction, plastics, data processing, food and chemical
mark, are not subject to further investigation for the time industry. There will be no representatives from the textile
being. Methods marked with "partial", a yellow mark, must and wood industries. Thus, the results can be well
be worked on in the expert workshop. The experts are represented for the industries of automotive engineering,
expected to provide a qualitative statement and a response electrical engineering, metal and mechanical engineering,
based on their experience. Thus, the artefact is also based on which are widespread in Germany and Austria, as well as for
an expert report. For each individual sector, the mean is many adjacent industrial sectors such as the semiconductor
evaluated in column "2", the standard deviation is calculated industry, the food industry or the electronics and optical
in column "3", the mean is added to the standard deviation in industry. Uncertainties in the valuation are seen for smaller
column "4" and subtracted in column "5". In the sixth branches of industry such as the wood industry or the textile
column, the median is calculated. Column "7" contains the industry. Industries with very high valuation factors such as
number of responses for this area and column "8" defines the chemical industry, the food industry, data processing or
how many experts from this industry participated. the plastics industry should also be critically evaluated in the
exploration sector. For many methods, it can be seen that
In addition, a quotient is calculated, which defines the they can be applied across all areas. Particular importance
proportion of survey participants in relation to the should be attached to these methods, which differ widely in
participants from the industry. This figure gives a qualitative individual sectors.
AESP20: 1st Workshop on Requirement Management in Enterprise Systems Projects @ SE20, Innsbruck, Austria 32
LCIA Elektrotechnik 7 partiell anwendbar
LCIA Maschinenbau 6 partiell anwendbar
LCIA Metallbau 6 partiell anwendbar
LCIA Kunststoff 6 partiell anwendbar
LCIA Datenverarbeit. 7 partiell anwendbar
LCIA Elektronik/Optik 7 partiell anwendbar
LCIA Nahrungsmittel 7 partiell anwendbar
LCIA Chemieindustrie 7 partiell anwendbar
LCIA Textilindustrie 6 partiell anwendbar
In the following chapter the partial and not usable LCIA Holzindustrie 6 partiell anwendbar
methods are presented. For the ERP setup it’s good to see Milkrun Erfahrung 10 partiell anwendbar
Milkrun Halbleiter/MST 7 partiell anwendbar
that there is not sucha big variance in the methods. The focus Milkrun Elektrotechnik 7 partiell anwendbar
is more on some not usable methods. For implementing Milkrun
Milkrun
Maschinenbau
Metallbau
7
8
partiell anwendbar
partiell anwendbar
efficient and optimized ERP processes and setups a setup of Milkrun Kunststoff 6 partiell anwendbar
Milkrun Datenverarbeit. 7 partiell anwendbar
around 45 to 50 Lean methods can be used. ERP provider Milkrun Elektronik/Optik 7 partiell anwendbar
should be used the LM methods in two ways. Value stream Milkrun Nahrungsmittel 8 partiell anwendbar
Milkrun Chemieindustrie 8 partiell anwendbar
and process structured methods, like value stream mapping Milkrun Textilindustrie 6 partiell anwendbar
or Chaku Chaku, should be used inside the ERP systems as Milkrun
Mizusumashu
Holzindustrie
Erfahrung
7
9
partiell anwendbar
partiell anwendbar
process managing support. On the other side the easy to use Mizusumashu Halbleiter/MST 8 partiell anwendbar
Mizusumashu Datenverarbeit. 7 partiell anwendbar
and shopfloor optimizing methods should be part of each Multi-Machine Datenverarbeit. 7 partiell anwendbar
ERP implementation project, because the shopfloor and the Multi-Machine
OEE
Elektronik/Optik
Datenverarbeit.
9
11
partiell anwendbar
partiell anwendbar
logistics are more leaned and structured. So the Segmentierung Erfahrung 11 partiell anwendbar
SMED Halbleiter/MST 8 partiell anwendbar
implementation is easier and faster. SMED Maschinenbau 8 partiell anwendbar
SMED Metallbau 8 partiell anwendbar
B. partial and not usable methods SMED Datenverarbeit. 7 partiell anwendbar
SMED Nahrungsmittel 9 partiell anwendbar
Exploration SMED Chemieindustrie 9 partiell anwendbar
Methode Bereich branchenübergreifend SMED Textilindustrie 8 partiell anwendbar
SPC Datenverarbeit. 8 partiell anwendbar
Anz Anwendbarkeit
Supermarkt Halbleiter/MST 8 partiell anwendbar
7W-Fragen Erfahrung 10 partiell anwendbar
Supermarkt Datenverarbeit. 7 partiell anwendbar
Alibi Erfahrung 6 partiell anwendbar Taktzeit Erfahrung 10 partiell anwendbar
Alibi Halbleiter/MST 4 partiell anwendbar Taktzeit Halbleiter/MST 7 partiell anwendbar
Alibi Kraftfahrzeugt. 4 partiell anwendbar Taktzeit Elektrotechnik 7 partiell anwendbar
Alibi Elektrotechnik 5 nicht anwendbar Taktzeit Kunststoff 7 partiell anwendbar
Alibi Maschinenbau 5 nicht anwendbar Taktzeit Datenverarbeit. 6 partiell anwendbar
Taktzeit Elektronik/Optik 7 partiell anwendbar
Alibi Metallbau 5 nicht anwendbar
Taktzeit Nahrungsmittel 8 partiell anwendbar
Alibi Kunststoff 4 partiell anwendbar Taktzeit Chemieindustrie 8 partiell anwendbar
Alibi Datenverarbeit. 4 partiell anwendbar GD3 Erfahrung 8 partiell anwendbar
Alibi Elektronik/Optik 4 partiell anwendbar
Alibi Nahrungsmittel 5 partiell anwendbar Fig. 2. Methods with partial or not usable ratings
Alibi Chemieindustrie 5 partiell anwendbar
Alibi Textilindustrie 4 partiell anwendbar
Alibi Holzindustrie 4 partiell anwendbar IV. C ONCLUSION [25]
Andon Datenverarbeit. 9 partiell anwendbar
Autokorrelation Erfahrung 8 partiell anwendbar Hypothesis 1 (Many methods follow general approaches
Autokorrelation Datenverarbeit. 3 partiell anwendbar and are fully applicable in all industrial sectors): The largest
Jidoka/BandStop Erfahrung 9 partiell anwendbar
Jidoka/BandStop Halbleiter/MST 9 partiell anwendbar single area of evaluation is shown by the applicable methods.
Jidoka/BandStop Metallbau 9 partiell anwendbar This confirms the first hypothesis that many methods are
Jidoka/BandStop Datenverarbeit. 7 partiell anwendbar
Jidoka/BandStop Elektronik/Optik 9 partiell anwendbar
fully applicable and each ERP implementation could use this
Jidoka/BandStop Holzindustrie 9 partiell anwendbar methods for optimizing and implantation in ERP software. A
Blackbox Chemieindustrie 11 partiell anwendbar positive aspect of the general use of Lean Management in all
ChakuChaku Erfahrung 11 partiell anwendbar
ChakuChaku Halbleiter/MST 8 partiell anwendbar
industries is that there are no methods that are not applicable.
ChakuChaku Kraftfahrzeugt. 8 partiell anwendbar Conversely, this means that for all methods examined in the
ChakuChaku Elektrotechnik 8 partiell anwendbar
ChakuChaku Maschinenbau 9 partiell anwendbar
context of this research question, there is an applicability or
ChakuChaku Metallbau 8 partiell anwendbar at least a partial applicability for each method in each
ChakuChaku Kunststoff 7 partiell anwendbar industry.
ChakuChaku Datenverarbeit. 8 partiell anwendbar
ChakuChaku Elektronik/Optik 8 partiell anwendbar Hypothesis 2 (A small proportion of Lean methods show
ChakuChaku Nahrungsmittel 8 partiell anwendbar
ChakuChaku Chemieindustrie 8 partiell anwendbar problems in implementation in all industrial sectors due to
ChakuChaku Textilindustrie 8 partiell anwendbar their complexity.): The second hypothesis is limited by the
ChakuChaku Holzindustrie 8 partiell anwendbar
Hancho Erfahrung 11 partiell anwendbar
fact that there are no methods that are not applicable. Thus at
Hejunka Erfahrung 11 partiell anwendbar least everywhere a partial applicability is given. However,
Hejunka Halbleiter/MST 9 partiell anwendbar there are methods that show predominantly partial
Hejunka Elektrotechnik 9 partiell anwendbar
Hejunka Maschinenbau 10 partiell anwendbar applicability in all industries and thus speak against a simple
Hejunka Metallbau 10 partiell anwendbar implementation due to the complexity of the methodology.
Hejunka Kunststoff 9 partiell anwendbar
Hejunka Datenverarbeit. 8 partiell anwendbar
This hypothesis is thus partially confirmed. This methods
Hejunka Elektronik/Optik 9 partiell anwendbar could be analyzed and used for the ERP implementation in
Hejunka Nahrungsmittel 10 partiell anwendbar industries with significant positive results.
Hejunka Chemieindustrie 10 partiell anwendbar
Hejunka Textilindustrie 9 partiell anwendbar Hypothesis 3 (Methods that relate to the logistics process
Hejunka Holzindustrie 9 partiell anwendbar
Just in Time Halbleiter/MST 9 partiell anwendbar within production show significant differences in the
Just in Time Metallbau 10 partiell anwendbar individual industries): The only exceptions are the Kanban
Just in Time Datenverarbeit. 8 partiell anwendbar
KanBan Halbleiter/MST 9 partiell anwendbar
and FiFo methods, which can be applied in almost all
Kreidekreis Datenverarbeit. 10 partiell anwendbar industries, at least according to the qualitative analysis. Other
LCIA Erfahrung 9 partiell anwendbar logistic methods such as Chaku Chaku, Hejunka, Just in
LCIA Halbleiter/MST 7 partiell anwendbar
LCIA Elektrotechnik 7 partiell anwendbar Time, Milkrun, Mizusumashu [21, 22, 23], segmentation and
LCIA Maschinenbau 6 partiell anwendbar supermarket show predominantly significant differences or
LCIA Metallbau 6 partiell anwendbar
LCIA Kunststoff 6 partiell anwendbar
also partial applicabilities in the result. The expression here
LCIA Datenverarbeit. 7 partiell anwendbar is significantly higher than with the other methods, thus the
LCIA Elektronik/Optik 7 partiell anwendbar third working hypothesis is also confirmed. This methods are
LCIA Nahrungsmittel 7 partiell anwendbar
LCIA Chemieindustrie 7 partiell anwendbar
also relevant for the shopfloor restruction and the software
LCIA Textilindustrie 6 partiell anwendbar
LCIA Holzindustrie 6 partiell anwendbar
Milkrun Erfahrung 10 partiell anwendbar
Milkrun Halbleiter/MST 7 partiell anwendbar
Milkrun
AESP20: 1st Workshop Elektrotechnik Management
on Requirement 7 partiell anwendbar
in Enterprise Systems Projects @ SE20, Innsbruck, Austria 33
Milkrun Maschinenbau 7 partiell anwendbar
Milkrun Metallbau 8 partiell anwendbar
Milkrun Kunststoff 6 partiell anwendbar
Milkrun Datenverarbeit. 7 partiell anwendbar
Milkrun Elektronik/Optik 7 partiell anwendbar
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different interpretations). The fourth research hypothesis is mathematical model for assessing the implementation of lean thinking
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various methods. Thus, the assumed research questions, [4] Ko, C.-H., “Lean Building Design Model.” Procedia Engineering,
which arose from practical experience, can largely be Volume 182, pp. 329-334, 2017
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