=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-2588/paper20
|storemode=property
|title=Semantic, Digitization, Design and Implementation of Ontology in Social Internet-Services
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2588/paper20.pdf
|volume=Vol-2588
|authors=Nazish Mumtaz,Abida Begum,Bushra Gul,Salma Noor,Roman Odarchenko ,Igor Machalin,Olha Saliieva
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cmigin/MumtazBGNOMS19
}}
==Semantic, Digitization, Design and Implementation of Ontology in Social Internet-Services==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2588/paper20.pdf
Semantic, Digitization, Design and Implementation of
Ontology in Social Internet-Services
Nazish Mumtaz1, Abida Begum1, Bushra Gul1, Salma Noor1, Roman Odarchenko2,
Igor Machalin2 and Olha Saliieva3
1
Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
2
National Aviation University Kyiv, Ukraine
3
Vinnytsia National Technical University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine
odarchenko.r.s@ukr.net
Abstract. Due to natural disasters, climatic changes, and lack of resources with
the local heritage preservation authorities. Pakistan, in general, is losing some
very important historical records. The heritage preservation is of immense im-
portance to preserve our history and culture for the subsequent generations.
With current advent in technology, the digitization of heritage has become cost-
efficient and can be adopted by the relevant departments with the help of right
expertise. This research uses the idea of Interoperable framework, machine
readability and semantic representation for accessing digitally preserved infor-
mation regarding the life history of Buddha from Gandhara Art work preserved
at the museum of Peshawar. To enable semantic interoperability, we propose
the Buddha domain ontology. It ensures the possibility of extracting meaningful
and relevant data from a semantically represented repository of relevant data.
The work opens ways to exploring Buddha life history and the data related to it
in creative ways. This work will facilitate both the specialist and the novice web
user the ease of access to desired information.
Keywords: Ontology, Semantic interoperability, Semantic web, Culture herit-
age, Buddha Ontology.
1 Introduction
Civilization is the initial period of human life style. Which is converted to genera-
tion to generation. The history of human life style and its related things provide the
information. Specially that information which are the reason of change of human life.
The initial history of Pakistan Indus valley civilization is also known as Harappa civi-
lization. The seven historic periods were found from Mohenjo-Daro. One is the first
period from 2500 to 3800 BC second are the middle period from 1700 to 2500 BC
and the third are the last period from 1300 to 1700 BC was found from Mohenjo-
Daro. Harappa was the big city of this civilization and the second was Mohenjo-Daro.
The presence of these big cities reveals that these areas were very populated. The food
was produced in large quantity because of fertile ground. This civilization reveals the
presence of large forest, the shape of animals on the utensils and the bones show that
Copyright © 2020 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attrib-
ution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) CMiGIN-2019: International Workshop on Conflict Management in
Global Information Networks.
there were large number of animals which is used for agriculture and transportation.
Harappa archeology show that there was a big factory of wheat grind which used to
grind wheat. Big way of transportation of those people was boats, horses and camels.
The fun and industrial life of the Indus valley civilization is pottery, instrument, and
terracotta statue, marble statue [1].
The aim of this research is to preserve the history of Gandhara art. Pakistan need
such kind of research, because of floods, earthquake, terrorism and similar hazards are
eradicating our history so there is a need to preserve the historical rich culture of Pa-
kistan. Due to modernization and less care from the local heritage preservation au-
thorities, the culture history record of Pakistan, in general, is losing some very im-
portant historical record. This research will support the idea of protection of history. If
the heritage preservation is not given its importance any sooner, the subsequent socie-
ty will not even be able to explore it through archeology. With current advent of in-
formation technology, the digitization of any type of information has become very
affordable and can be adopted by the relevant departments with ease. This will not
only preserve our past and changing culture but also produce job opportunities. The
basic outcomes of this research target the preservation of Gandhara art history in the
best possible means, therefore we chosen 90 objects of Buddha artifacts from
Gandhara art, to semantically digitized by implementing ontology. The ontology will
overcome the issue and providing better access and knowledge discovery. This ontol-
ogy will be able to express information among people and reuse of domain knowledge
access and knowledge discovery [2].
1.1 Ontologies
“Ontology is the branch of “Meta Physics” concern with nature and relation of be-
ing”. Ontology is decided what is of significance in an area and how information
about it is arrange. Ontology is an explicit specification of conceptualization [3].
Ontology are used to describe the concepts in the specific domain and also describe
relationship between these concepts.
1.2 Uses of Ontologies
Communication. Ontology arranges the framework in organization which abridged
the theoretical confusion so the ontology gets better the communication among people
[3].
Interoperability. Ontology in field provides the enterprise model and multi agent
design for creation of incorporated toolkit [4].
Reliability. Ontology develop the reliability of system [3].
Reusability. Ontology should maintain the reusability thus unlike model of sys-
tem can be import or export [4].
The problem is to preserve the Pakistan history and culture by semantic digitization of
Peshawar museum. Indus valley civilization is important and rich all over the world
they were populated area because of fertilized ground and this valley was famous for
trade and merchants came from different cities to exchange the merchandise and
stayed. The problem in Pakistan is that Pakistan is not the main stream of global re-
search so the project is initiative to place the Pakistan in global research. We choose
ninety objects of Buddha artifacts for semantic digitization to fulfill this goal we im-
plement in this research an ontology which will enhance support for semantic digiti-
zation (converting analog data into machine readable form) of Peshawar museum.
The ontology will overcome the issue and providing better access and knowledge
discovery. This ontology will be able to express information among people and reuse
of domain knowledge access and knowledge discovery.
2 Related Work
World Wide Web contains millions of documents which allow the people to re-
trieve the information from the database catalog. We need a search engine to extract
the information. Now days there are many search engines to search the information
but difficult to retrieve meaningful information to reduce this problem in search en-
gine to extract meaningful information intelligently we use semantic web technology
to provide better search engine.
2.1 Semantic Web
Michele R. Ramos [3], project is to design and validate the activities of life, it pro-
vides a generalized ontology of life events. The project used different previous ap-
proaches such as prosopography project. The traditional prosopography is related to
social trend among culture and time period in order to understand the society. The
prosopography project database is specific for custody, property, income, ethnic or
social relationships. It cannot support the generalized context of life events. The biog-
raphy light ontology supports the general biographic text provide open outline for
linking biographic events with diverse resources of semantic web Biography vocabu-
lary only distinguish four basic events birth, marriage, death and bio Event.
Semantic web is a collection of linked information in such a way which is easily
process able by a machine on a global scale. “Semantic web is an extension of the
current web” [3]. The goal of semantic web is machine process able an understanda-
ble information on the web. The purpose of semantic web is to share and reuse infor-
mation on the web. This literature review introduces the semantic web technology to
support the intelligent search engine [1], [2].
Fig. 1. Semantic Web Framework
Semantic web technology plays important role in semantic web that allow the
meaning of data is to precise. Data on the semantic web is represent by using W3C
standards RDF (Resource description frame work) and Owl (Ontology web Lan-
guage) representation model which are used to represent ontology. This technology is
used to support interoperability, automation and reuse of data. Current web contains
large database but difficult to understand for the machine which is provided by user.
When information is added on the web, we face research problem in search engine
such as how search engine retrieves meaningful information intelligently. Semantic
web solved this problem by semantic web technology to provide meaningful infor-
mation by SPARQL query and domain ontology [4].
3 Motivation
The aim of this paper is to preserve the history in the best possible means using I.T.
To achieve this, the available record will be some form of data, which will be made
available with user friendly G.U.I. The prototype preservation system can be devel-
oped in following steps: Digitization of available heritage resources; Converting data-
base of manual records into digital form; Discover new knowledge and digitize it with
reference; Develop database and front end or API for online access; Explore the
method to improve accessibility and usability.
Museum digitization motivate the API developer to create the API for Buddha Gal-
lery of Peshawar museum, API developer will be able to create a meaningful applica-
tion which present the objects in the form of narration and through this application the
visitor will take interest in history and increase knowledge of visitor about history of
subcontinent so in this way the civilization of Indus valley will be long lasting.
4 Proposed System Architecture
To reduced problems of existing system we have design and implement ontology on
Buddha life story. We use semantic web technology to semantically digitizing these
objects. For semantically digitizing we designed and implement Buddha ontology.
Semantic Search Engine
Museum API
SPARQL QUERY
Buddha Ontology
Fig. 2. Proposed System.
Buddha ontology contains thirteen concepts which describe the Gautama Buddha
life events. We use own vocabularies to describe the relationship between instance of
each class. We use the approach of arc2 triple store to mapped Buddha ontology into
RDF format. Arc2 triple store provide SPARQL endpoint interface to extract data
using SPARQL query engine. Proposed system shows the flow of data in a system. It
shows the system work. Arc2 store load Protégé ontology for storing in the form of
triples. MySQL extract the data from file maker pro and load in arc2 triple store here
the information is store in RDF format. SPARQL query engine extract the data from
arc2 triple store by using SPARQL query language. SPARQL query engine provide
the user interface. See Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Design Scenario of Buddha Ontology
4.1 Work Flow Development Process of Ontology
We developed an ontology of Gautama Buddha life story by the following process.
The purpose of developing this ontology is to narrate the life events of Gautama Bud-
dha or “Siddhartha”. We use this ontology for application which we create in future
work. The following steps were taken to implement Buddha ontology.
Domain.
Enumerated terms.
Class hierarchy.
Properties
Individual
Fig. 4. Ontology development work flow
5 Advantages of Proposed System
After semantic digitization these data available online on web which can be easily
accessible and reuse. It facilitates the user to easily access data. It improves the search
engine capability. It provides interoperability between one are more applications.
User can use Buddha ontology for creating suitable application.
6 Implementation of Buddha Ontology
In this section we discuss the ontology development process, ontology mapping,
relational database and Xampp sever installation steps. We need following parts for
implementation.
Fig. 5, show the ontology mapping process using arc2 triple store. First of all, it
takes data from file maker pro to create relational database using Mysql server. For
storing this information in the form of triples arc2 triple store is takes Protege ontolo-
gy and traditional database to store in RDF format. SPARQL endpoint queried the
RDF data from arc2 triple store by using SPARQL query engine.
Fig. 5. Ontology Mapping Process
6.1 Ontologies Development
Problem Contextualization. The developed ontology is useful for more reason to
share common structure information among people to reuse of domain information, to
make domain supposition unambiguous, to examine area facts and to separate the
domain knowledge from operational knowledge. In paper [5], the author using proté-
gé for developing ontology. The artificial intelligent define many definitions of ontol-
ogy. Define the concepts classes and property in area arranging the classes in hierar-
chic form. The ontology progress is the iterative process. There are many methodolo-
gies of developing ontology. Ontology is the model of designing reality of the world.
Seven steps of developing ontology as follow as:
Domain.
Scope.
Competency questions.
Enumerated terms.
Class hierarchy.
Properties.
Individual
These steps are important during ontology development process. The domain of
ontology is describing what the ontology is covered. The scope of ontologies explains
the use of ontology for an application. Competency question is the type of question
which answer by developing ontology. Enumerated terms are important for selecting
properties and classes. Class hierarchy are the set of classes which we select from
terms to use in ontology Properties are also select from enumerated terms for using in
ontology [6].
Dataset. For this project we have taken data from Peshawar museum in which we
have chosen 90 objects of Gandhara art gallery to narrate life story of Gautama Bud-
dha [10].
Shortcomings. Data which we collect for semantic digitization from Peshawar
museum database is not complete because of more fields in database of every objects
is missing. Metadata of each objects is not properly defined. Description of objects is
too short. Objects are not properly labeled to overcome these problems we collect 90
objects for semantic digitization to describe on semantic web for reuse [11].
Mining of Plan Texts. Text Mining is the process of extracting information from
the documents (PDF, XML, Plain text e.g.). We are use GATE software for text min-
ing to extract information from the document “Buddha”. Buddha document is plain
text document, for knowledge discovery that we have created to appending all the
information from the museum record about the Buddha gallery in which include Bud-
dha artifacts that represent Gandhara art of stone.
6.2 Buddha Ontology
We plan to use Buddha ontology for the application which narrates the life story of
Siddhartha. Basically, different concepts of Buddha life story are existing which is not
meaningful. But over ontology generate the new meaningful concepts related to tinny
objects. The aim is to cover different events of life of Buddha and define the concept
of each term used in the story.
6.3 Class Hierarchy
We determine classes from important enumerated terms of Buddha life story which
show in figure.
Fig. 6. Class Hierarchy of Buddha Ontology.
6.4 Ontology
Fig. 7. Buddha Ontology
6.5 Natural Language Process
The NLP process comprises of the following main steps as discussed in the fig be-
low:
Fig. 8. NLP Process
NLP Steps on Buddha Document. Following are the Steps:
1. Load Buddha document in GATE.
2. Create corpus (corpora are a collection of documents, useful when processing
multiple document) for Buddha document.
3. Select ANNIE (stand for A Nearly-New Information Extraction to extract in-
formation) and run application with corpus of Buddha.
4. Select processing resources (is a set of parameters).
5. Run pipeline with selected resources (pipeline is a set of selected parameters
that set for document).
6. Create data stores (data store is used to store annotated documents).
7. Store Buddha document to data store.
Fig. 9. NLP on Buddha Documents
6.6 Results of NLP on Buddha Document
IE gate/extract facts and structured information from Buddha document collection.
IE returns knowledge in the form of name entity. Name entity is much important to
identify name in text and their classification into predefined categories of interest:
Persons; Organizations (companies, government organizations, committees etc.);
Locations (cities, countries, rivers etc.); Date and time expressions; Addresses; Sen-
tences; Splitters; Various other types as appropriate.
Fig. 10. Information Extraction from Buddha Document
Fig. 11. Information Extraction from Buddha Document
7 Ontology Evaluation and Validation
Ontology evaluation and validation is important to check during development of
ontology to verify that the ontology fulfills the requirement and check the incom-
pleteness and redundancy of classes and instances.
Fig. 12. Buddha Ontology Validation and Evaluation
8 Conclusion
This work will be useful for reusing and help support better exploration of the arti-
facts and new knowledge discovery and will eventually be used as a major contribute
of the Peshawar museum API developers. Buddha ontology will make this history
more explicit and will be help in developing API. Our future work will include API
development. Ontology of Buddha life story main gallery of Peshawar museum which
is useful for semantic digitization and also mapped the relational database into RDF
data. The common information about Buddha life story is identified which is useful
for the preservation of Gandhara art and Buddha ontology make these histories more
explicit help in developing the application which narrate the Buddha life in future
work. Buddha ontology cover the events of whole life of Buddha. It is related to bio-
graphic light event ontology but it is specific for Buddha life events. Ontology pass
through the GATE software which generate new concepts.
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