Multipath Redundant Transmissions of Critical to Delays Packets Based on UDP Protocol ?

Abstract

Possibilities of increasing probability of faultless and timely serving in multipath data transmission systems in computer networks based on UDP protocol using redundant transfer are researched. E ciency of redundant multipath transmissions is analyzed in the paper based on simulation modeling in OMNeT++ environment. Process of creating simulation model of computer network is described. Opportunities of OMNeT++ environment and its libraries and frameworks are considered in the paper. Researching in this paper based on using UDP protocols for transmissions because critical to delays packets are considered for using in real-time systems. Simulation model of computer network with redundant transmissions is developed and researched. E ciency of use this model on con gurations with di erent redundancy coefcient is de ned. The aim of this work is the study of redundant transfer e ciency in computer networks based on UDP protocol. The e ciency analysis of the redundant packet transmissions is carried out on the basis of simulating in OMNeT++ environment. The complex e ciency of the redundant packet transmission is determined on the basis of the multiplicative index, which takes into number the error-free transmissions and the average time margin relative to the maximum permissible transmission delay. Developed model allows to transmit packets via several paths and provides redundant transfer of data. Intensity and redundancy coefcient are changed while experiment was carried out. The paper provides plots which help us to understand results of experiments and gets more e ective areas for using multipath redundant transmissions. Also this paper presents all histograms of end to end packets delay in di erent cases. The presented results can be used in the design of high-reliable computer systems including computer systems providing real-time services which use UDP as a transport protocol.

Keywords

• Redundant Multipath routing Critical to delays packets OMNeT++

Introduction

Fundamental issues of the design and develop of information and communication systems based on reliable computer networks are represented in [ 1-3 ]. Security issues of computer networks are considered in [ 4-6 ]. Performance of processing, transmission and storage of data in computer networks are described in [ 7, 8 ]. Ensuring the reliable of real-time communication systems is associated not only with supporting the availability, fault tolerance and reliability of the system structure, but also with timeliness of delivery critical to delays packets in realtime computer networks which provide computer communication in client-server architecture.

Supporting of timeliness based on tra c prioritization and load balancing of transmissions is presented in [ 9, 10 ]. Load balancing allows dynamic redistribution of requests between computer nodes via the network [ 11 ], using multipath and transport coding [ 12, 13 ], in which message or packets are transmitted by di erent routes depends on channel loading.

The reliability and timeliness of requests as shown in [ 14, 15 ]. The reliability can be increasing by requests replication and redundant serving of copies [1618]. The e ectiveness of redundant services is estimated by the probability of the timeliness of at least one copy of the request [ 13-15 ].

Analytical models of reliability and timeliness of redundant services in singlelevel and multilevel data processing and transmission systems con rm the e ectiveness of redundant services proposed in [ 14, 15 ]. In the models according to [ 14, 15 ], the nodes of multipath redundant service systems are represented as a set of interconnected single-channel queuing systems of the M/M/1 type [ 19, 20 ]. Researching of multipath transmission e ectiveness based on simulation modeling in AnyLogic 7 Professional is carried out in [ 21 ], with using multichannel service models in [ 22, 23 ]. Simulation models [ 21-23 ] do not consider speci c and real network equipment such as routers or network switches and modern implementations of di erent OSI layers interconnection protocols.

The aim of this work is developing simulation models in the OMNeT++ environment, allowing to using features of real communication tools and network protocols of multipath redundant transmissions based on UDP protocol. UDP is transport layer protocol which not using handshaking dialogues and no guarantee of delivery packets. Time-sensitive applications often use UDP because dropping packets is preferable to waiting for packets delayed due to retransmission. In this applications packets are become outdated very quickly, and retransmit lost packets using TCP protocol is not suitable for systems. This systems are considered in this paper. That is why UDP transport protocol is used for developing models in the article. 2

Simulation models of multipath redundant transmissions

Proposed models were developed in the specialized environment of computer networks simulation OMNeT++. This environment contains a large library of real network protocols models and models of specialize network equipments such as routers, network switches, hubs and etc.

The OMNeT++ simulation environment provides many di erent network protocols and tra c generator and sink application which using these protocols. In this work the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is used as a main transport protocol for developed models. The OMNeT++ environment implements various types of generators and sink applications of UDP tra c. The UDPBasicApp application generates packets with size and intensity to the speci ed in the conguration le network address [ 24-32 ]. The UDPSink application listens speci ed port and receives all packets that came to the socket from the source application. However, this application models do not support redundant transmission: the generator application sends only one packet to a given communication channel, and the sink application cannot recognize copies of the same packet and accepts them all, assuming that this is di erent packets from the source application. The OMNeT++ simulation environment is written in the C++ programming language and allows modifying the core of this environment. To build models with redundant transmissions, new classes of generator and sink applications have been developed.

The new UDP application class extends of the base class and allows to specify several addresses in con guration le in order to provide redundant transmission via sending copy of packets to these addresses. The network simulator's kernel generating and sending copies of current packet to main and backup communication channels. These copies of packet have same id number for correct identifying (without duplication) in sink application.

In UDP application con guration on clients we set port number and packet length. Also we specify several several IP-addresses for redundant transmission. Fig. 1 shows fragment of UDP generator application settings.

In this con guration you can set number of port, several IP-addresses for redundant transmission, length of packet etc.

The UDP sink application class extends the base receiver class of UDP tra c and allows to receive and detect same packets from di erent network channels. Packet will be dropped if application already received packet with same id from other channel. Port number for this application is set in the con guration le.

Simulation model of system with server, ve network switches and ve clients was developed in OMNeT++ environment. This model is based on a EtherSwitch model which represents model of network switch and a StandardHost model, which simulates clients and server behaviour. Fig. 2 shows this model in the OMNeT++ environment.

Criterion M has been used for e ciency evaluation of redundant transmissions.

M = P (t0

T ) (1)

This (1) represents the average time of error-free and timely transmitted packets from the client to the server. P is a probability of timely and error-free delivery of the package. This parameter is de ned via experiments. t0 is a time limit for packet delivery in this system. T is a average transmit packet time in this computer network.

In redundant transmissions with split switches between nodes, each switch is used by more than one node. We will carry out simulation experiments with di erent values of the backup coe cient, which shows how many channels will be used to transmit each of packet from client.

These parameters have been used in simulation experiments with redundant transmit: L = 10 Mbit/s - throughput of communication channels between clients and switches, t0 = 0.0004 s - delivery time, B = 0.0001 - probability of channel bit errors, = 1000 1/s - packet arrival rate, packet length for this simulation process is 100 B. 3

Researching of critical to waiting time multipath redundant transmissions

Increasing the number of redundant transmissions helps us to reduce packets lost probability. But the end to end packets delay in the system also increasing. Delays in uence on probability of timely delivery packets to server and reduce value of M criterion. Fig. 4 shows histograms of end to end packets delay for di erent value of K at an intensity of 1000 1/s. of packets doesn't increase, however, the probability of packet delivery begins to decrease due to network switches start to drop packets because incoming bu ers are over ow.

In order to achieve transmission e ciency at an intensity less than 2000 1/s redundant scheme should be used. In case it is necessary to provide a greater probability of delivery when the intensity is above 2000 1/s, it is necessary to use a redundant scheme. However, in this case, the average delivery time of the packets in the system are increasing, but this case is unacceptable for real-time systems.

Fig. 7 shows histograms of end to end packets delay for di erent value of intensity without redundant transmissions.

These results can be interpreted as results above. Histogram of case with 5000 1/s intensity show us many big values of packets delay. 4

Conclusion

The simulation model of a switched computer network has been developed with the possibility of increasing the redundancy of transmit packets in the OMNeT++ environment. Carried out experiments to assess the e ectiveness of packets transmit with di erent intensity and redundancy coe cient. Identi ed areas of application of e ective redundancy transmissions in the aggregation of communication channels in computer networks. Developed model allows to transmit packets via several paths and provides redundant transfer of data.

The possibilities of increasing the probability of timely error-free service and reducing average delays in multipath data transmission systems are described.

On the basis of simulation, the e ectiveness of redundant multipath transmissions is analyzed. Models are developed in the OMNeT++ simulation environment.

The eld of using e ectiveness of redundant multipath transmissions and redundant multipath packets transfer is shown.

Plots of of the criterion M and redundancy transmissions K for di erent packet intensity and plot shows dependence of the e ciency criterion M on the intensity of packet arrival with di erent redundancy coe cient are shown. Histograms of end to end packets delay for every considered cases are presented in the paper.

The presented results can be used in the design of high-reliable computer systems including computer systems providing real-time services which use UDP protocol.

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