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  <front>
    <journal-meta />
    <article-meta>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>ARTEFACT DETECTION AND SEGMENTATION BASED ON A DEEP LEARNING SYSTEM</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Xiaohong (Sharon) Gao</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Barbara Braden</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff0">
          <label>0</label>
          <institution>Department of Computer Science, Middlesex University</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>London, NW4 4BT</addr-line>
          ,
          <country country="UK">UK</country>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution>John Radcliff Hospital, University of Oxford</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>Oxford</addr-line>
          ,
          <country country="UK">UK</country>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution>[1] Sharib Ali, Felix Zhou</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>Christian Daul, Barbara Braden, Adam Bailey, Stefano Realdon, James East, Georges Wagnieres, Victor Loschenov, Enrico Grisan, et al. Endoscopy artifact detection (ead 2019) challenge dataset. arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.03209, 2019</addr-line>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution>[3] Sharib Ali, Noha Ghatwary</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>Barbara Braden, Dominique Lamarque, Adam Bailey, Stefano Realdon, Renato Can-</addr-line>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <abstract>
        <p>This paper presents the results of detection and segmentation of artefact from endoscopic video frames for EAD2020 competition. In this competition, a deep learning based system is applied, which is built upon RetinaNet. Since RetinaNet employs a one-stage method that lacks facilitating masks of segmented objects, inspired by the work of real-time instance segmentation, this system accomplishes object segmentation through two parallel branches to generate a set of prototype masks and to predict per-object mask coefficients respectively. Overall, top 7 (out of 32 entries) position was achieved in this competition on the leaderboard.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec id="sec-1">
      <title>1. METHODS</title>
      <p>
        Figure 1 illustrates the network system applied in this
competition [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1 ref2 ref3 ref4 ref5 ref6">1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9</xref>
        ] built upon RetinaNet. It
accomplishes object segmentation through two parallel strands
(Prototype and Prediction coefficient), which are to generate
a set of prototype masks and to predict per-object mask
coefficients respectively. The backbone model of Resnet101 is
applied for all three tasks.
      </p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-2">
      <title>2. RESULTS</title>
      <p>Table 1 presents the final results submitted from this work
whereas Table 2 gives the mAP for segmentation when 95%
the overall classification accuracy was 63%. Although the
results remain on the top 7, it is felt more enhancement is
needed to further improve this model to improve its
robustness.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-3">
      <title>3. REFERENCES</title>
      <p>Copyright c 2020 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under
Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-4">
      <title>Model parameters</title>
      <p>Epoch = 412,
Threshold = 0.17
Epoch = 226,
Threshold = 0.13</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-5">
      <title>Scored</title>
      <p>mAP at IoU thresholds
0.50 0.70 0.95 All
77.85 61.64 0.99 47.42
76.91 61.51 0.87 46.17
[2] Sharib Ali, Felix Zhou, Adam Bailey, Barbara Braden,
James East, Xin Lu, and Jens Rittscher. A deep learning
framework for quality assessment and restoration in video
endoscopy. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.07073, 2019.
nizzaro, Jens Rittscher, Christian Daul, and James East.
Endoscopy disease detection challenge 2020. arXiv
preprint arXiv:2003.03376, 2020.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
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