The paper is proposed a fragment of tools that will help to realize the author's model of the linguistic system of Lexicographic Electronic Tool (LET) (the project in the development phase and discussion). The principles (new in Ukrainian linguistics) of the author's concept of synchronous linguistic source studies, as well as of dynamic model of Linguistic Sources and the model of Dictionary Sources Core are among the foundations of the LEТ as the automated workplace of the modern lexicographer. The units of the LEТ structure are the electronic lexical card index database and the linguistic sources database (primary and secondary sources). The development of the metadata markup in this direction will contribute to the creation of a linguopragmatic model of Dictionary Sources Core of the 21st century according to internal and external factors. And the LEТ will be the material and the tool of thorough synchronous and diacritics learning of the language and its lexicographic description.
A creating of high-quality lexicographic work requires a Dictionary Sources Core (DSC) that is a collection of Linguistic Sources (LS) to select and verify the lexical illustrative material. The linguistic source is a verbal source containing for linguist valuable information about a language: its history and development, content, structure, dynamics, trends in synchrony and diachrony, and so on. The same verbal source can be the object of study of the historian, literary critic, art critic, and therefore be a variety of historical, literary, art sources, such as diaries, songs, letters, etc. The theory of linguistic source has been carefully studied in historical linguistics (diachronic source studies) [1, 9, 13, etc.], however, there is no such data for synchronous research, which leads to the formulation of the theory of synchronous source studies.
The DSC is formed as a set of sources, sample of the available Sources Database (DB) according to the type and purpose of the dictionary.
For an accumulation, an ordering of a lexicographic multiparameter description and a storage of lexical and illustrative material, as a basis for creating different types of dictionaries NASU Institute of Ukrainian Language is working on the creation of the Lexicographic Electronic Tool (LET) [17, 18, see also: 2 , 4, 7, 10, 11]. LET is an open and dynamic computer linguistic system, designed for basic lexicographic tasks and with a development will become an information, reference, research, educational and editorial lexicographic system. LET will be an electronic collection not only of words and phrases with contexts of their using, but also of various types of accompanying sources, which will provide verification of such materials with the help of an information search system, configured to the needs of lexicography (fig. 1).
For this purpose, LET will integrate in its source database texts, dictionaries, a lexical card index at this Institute and digitized here (for example, the Electronic System «Archive Card Index» represents the digital format of lexical and illustrative materials of the Dictionary Commission of the Living Ukrainian language of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, which created the «Russian-Ukrainian Dictionary» by ed. A. Krymsky and S. Yefremov: https://ak.iul-nasu.org.ua. This idea was realized by a team of linguists – O. Tyshchenko (project manager), L. Kyslyuk, Yu. Pozdran, Yu. Voznyuk – with the support of the Ukrainian Cultural Foundation (grant № 1109, September – November 2018). The system and web resource was created with the involvement of programmers led by M. Tkachenko), lexical indexes, etc., as well as it will have links to sources opened for access in a virtual space: language corpora, electronic dictionaries, libraries and more. The LET will also contain a lexical card index database and tools for its management.
The electronic system optimizes the work with the collected lexicon of Ukrainian language according to the necessary lexicographer parameters (temporal, spatial, functional-style, genre-thematic, etc.) for the fulfillment of certain linguistic tasks.
Thus, LET will be at the same time the database of the Ukrainian vocabulary arrays, which should be studied, conceived and presented in new dictionaries, grammars, advisers in the language culture, spelling, and at the same time a tool for their elaboration, scilicet – the implement of the modern lexicographer.
Let's focus on the first block – the sources database that will contain primary and secondary sources (texts of different styles, dictionaries, lexical indices, etc.) for word verification in broader contexts of use, in idiolects of certain authors, in literary trends, in idioms (regional dialects, social-group dialects, gender dialects) in texts of different structure and subject matter. Let's make two observations about the selecting of primary sources to the LET text database.
The first is the problem of a matching the text of a certain edition (or its electronic
copy) to the original text. We emphasize the problem of editorial interference, bringing
in line with the norm of editor’s contemporary spelling, cuts of different nature, etc. [
The paper is proposed a fragment of tools that will help to realize the author's model of the linguistic system of Lexicographic Electronic Tool (the project in the development phase and discussion). The principles (new in Ukrainian linguistics) of the author's concept of synchronous linguistic source studies, as well as of dynamic model of Linguistic Sources and the model of Dictionary Sources Core are among the foundations of the LEТ as the automated workplace of the modern lexicographer. Some parameters are detailed, deepened, substantially developed, added new elements. Аuthor's contribution: О. Tyshchenko – idea, theoretical background, metadata development; V. Tyshchenko – technical support.
Basic information about the linguistic source we include in the database. The developing of metadata markup in this direction will help create the LS model in Ukrainian studies, the linguopragmatic model of the 21st century DSC according to the internal factors: the state of language, the degree of the linguistic theory development, the updated information from linguistic sources, the type and purpose of the dictionary, etc.; and the external factors: the historical and cultural context, the personal factors, etc.
The metadata as formal (and partly meaningful) LS information provides quality
and accuracy of the search, the comprehensive use of different types of data, the
preservation of different types of information, and more. We have covered bibliographic and
linguistic metadata, based on Dublin Core – a metadata format describing various
information resources, including the Internet (from 15 elements to 18) [
Information the contents of a storage unit – LS: DOC.FILENAME – the file name (or URL for those sources that are publicly available on the Internet). Source rewards information: DOC.AWARDSOURCE – awards, ratings, and more. File format: DOC.FORMAT — electronic document format: TXT; PDF; DJVU;
DOC. Information on contributor: DOC.CONTRIBUTOR – the contributor to the LET by adding the source or making a description of it: CONNAME – second name, first name, patronymic; CONSTATUS – position, etc.; CONWORK – a place of work (education). Information on name of the LS: DOC.TITLE – source (text) name. Information on author (authors): DOC.AUTHOR – first name, last name, patronymic; DOC.SEX – sex (M – the man, F – the women). Information on basic milestones of the author's life, that determines its language formation: DOC.DATEBIRTH – year of birth; DOC.PLACEBIRTH – place of birth (region, locality); DOC.DATEDEATH – year of death; DOC.PLACEEDUCATION – place of study (locality, university name); DOC.PLACECREATIVITY – region of topical creativity; DOC.AUTHORLANGUAGE – languages spoken by the author; DOC.AWARDAUTHOR – author rewards information – awards, ratings, and more; LINK.
We consider it necessary to provide information about co-authors: DOC.COAUTHOR – co-authors, for each of them, we form a separate section. Information about language: DOC.LANGUAGE – language; of course, this is primarily Ukrainian, but the code for the combined text is provided: COMB – combined, in this case, add the required code: UK, AB (Abkhazian); COMB-UK-RU; COMB-UK-EN, etc. Literary norm – DOC.NORM. There are at least three categories of text: STA – linguistic standard; N-STA – linguistic nonstandard; COMB – combined (with elements such as speech, dialect, regiolect, jargon and more). Information on originality of the text (for translations): DOC.ORIGINAL: ORI – original; TRAN – translation; to this we add the code of the language from which it was translated: TRAN-RU. The dating of the text. The texts are marked by the date of creation (or by the last year when the text could be possibly created, or by the timespan is specified, or by the year of first publication); the translated texts are marked by the year when the translation was made; the year of the last possible revision: DOC.DATECREATION – date of creation; DOC.DATEREVISION – date of last author's revision; DOC.DATEPUBLICATION – date of publication of the annotated source. Information on orthography. The experience of the creators of the GRAC convinces the expediency of introducing such an element of metadata, since LET is focused primarily on the original works of the classics of Ukrainian linguistics at least 200 years in deep into history. So: DOC.ORTHOGRAPHY: CONT – continuous (2019 edition); SKRY – skripnikivka; ZHEL – zhelekhivka. It may be advisable to annotate the data according to the spelling revision version: ORT-93 – 1993 edition; ORT-60 – 1960 edition; ORT-33 – 1933 edition. Information on region. We accept regional markup of sources based on contemporary administrative structure of Ukraine (including Crimea), as well as the Diaspora: the text belongs to the region where the author / translator was born, studied and lived for more than 10 years, or the place of publication of the periodical: as in GRAC, the texts of diaspora authors will be marked by countries (USA, Canada, Poland, etc.): and regions of Ukraine (total 26): DOC.LOCATION: UA-C-PLT — Poltava oblast; UA-E-HRK — Kharkiv oblast; as well as countries: BG – Bulgaria; BY – Belarus and others. Information on environment of the source. Traditionally, this element is referred to as а source; but in order to avoid tautology (the main term of our project is a linguistic source), we use the name environment (from which this source was taken): DOC. ENVIRONMENT: PRI – printed publications; WEB – Internet; ARC – archive; TEL – television. Information on initial form of the text. The database contains texts, the initial form of which may be written or oral, translated into written form. Occasionally, texts contain a combination of the original oral language and the original written snippets (analysis, commentary): DOC. INITIALFORM – initial form: ORA – oral; WRI – written; COMBІ – combined. Information on the source form available in the database: DOC.SOURCEFORM: ORА – oral (for video and audio); WRI-Р – written printed (printed sources in appropriate electronic formats); WRI-Е – written electronic. Information on publisher: DOC.PUBLISHER – publisher or publishing house;
DOC.PLACEPUB – place of publication. Source volume information: DOC.PAGE – number of pages (for print).
DOC.CAPACITY – is the capacity of electronic text (number of language units, characters, etc.); DOC. VOLUME – number of volumes, books, issues and more. Information on source type: primary / secondary. There are two types of sources used in creating dictionaries. Primary sources – fiction, newspapers, magazines, diaries, memoirs, epistolary, etc. – are facts of verbal creativity that are objectively generated and are the source of a word from a variety of genres, from scientific literature, from the media, from folk art and more. Secondary sources – dictionaries, encyclopedias, indexes, etc. – were created as a result of linguistic processing of primary sources, comprehension of linguists and encyclopedists of certain linguistic data according to the purpose of the research. So: DOC.SOURCETYPE: PRIM – primary source; SEC – secondary source. Source conformity information. The electronic source database should first be created from the copies of the editions that are most relevant to the author's design – authentic (most often the last lifetime editions of the author, often edited or at least approved, although there are some exceptions), as we noted above, in DjVu format or PDF with a text layer. This format will be digitally accessible and will provide a visual link to the original for accurate reproduction and analysis of text: DOC.CONFORMITY – conformity, adequacy, authenticity of the source: MAIN – main text; MOD – modified text: MOD-FORM - modified text – modified source form (printed – electronic text); MOD-CONTENT - modified content (later editorial, spelling, etc.). Branch and audience: DOC.BRANCH: SOC – social sciences; CHI – children and more. Source topic (primarily for scientific and popular science texts): DOC.THEMA – subject, theme: GEO — geography; BIO – biology, etc. Information on media. For the media, we use the markup accepted in the GRAC:
azine; SITE – information site.
EPI – epistolary: LET – letter; MEM – memories; AUT – autobiography; BLO – blog; DIA – diary.
REL – religious (Choosing such a name, at the same time we ascertain the functioning of several terms for the definition of this kind of language: religious, confessional, liturgical, sacred style):
CULT – cult: BIB – Bible; LIF – life; APO – apocrypha;
ORIG – original: SER – sermon; EDIF – edification; INT-SCR – interpretation of Scripture; PRA – prayer; EPIS – epistle; LIT-EDUC – liturgical educational literature;
LITUR – liturgical: LIT – liturgy. ІNET – Internet: COM – comment; BLO – blog; S-NET – social network; CHAT – chat; MESS – messenger.
So, as in GRAC, we will use the following parameters: DOC.AUTHOR, DOC.SEX,
Some parameters are detailed, deepened, and presented in the following elements:
5
The developed metadata system for linguistic source is open and dynamic. In the long term, it is possible to deepen or adjust the already mentioned elements, as well as to formulate such parameters as external factors of formation and functioning of the LS, which define such a characteristic as "authority of the source" in the cultural and in the linguistic context, in particular lexicographic. This will allow the creation of a dynamic model of the Dictionary Sources Core, will facilitate the flexible modeling of the linguistic (including lexicographic) portrait of a particular language unit according to pragmatic factors, optimize the formation of DSC for different types of dictionaries of the 21st century according to internal factors: the state of speech, the degree of development of linguistics theory, up-to-date information in the linguistic sources, type and purpose of the dictionary, etc.; would external factors: historical and cultural context, personal factor, etc. And LET can be both a material and a tool for careful synchronic and diachronic study of the language and of its use in order to deepen the identity of Ukrainian linguistic thinking and Ukrainian lexicographic tradition, of its continuity and dynamism.
19. Tyshchenko, O.: The language of the Internet communication in the National Сorpora of the Ukrainian language. In: Linguistic style: object – style, purpose – assessment. Collection of scientific works devoted. 70th anniversary of the birth of prof. S. Yermolenko, pp. 362–367.
Kyiv (2007). 20. Tsymbalyuk-Skopnenko, T.: Source base of author's lexicography: theoretical and practical dimension. In: Lexicographic bulletin. Collection of scientific works, vol. 24. pp. 77–82. Kyiv (2015).