=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-2616/paper18
|storemode=property
|title=Efficiency of Using Social Networks in the Period of Library Activity in Remote Mode
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2616/paper18.pdf
|volume=Vol-2616
|authors= Tetiana Yavorska, Oleksii Prihunov, Yuriy Syerov
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/coapsn/YavorskaPS20
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==Efficiency of Using Social Networks in the Period of Library Activity in Remote Mode==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2616/paper18.pdf
Efficiency of Using Social Networks in the Period of
Library Activity in Remote Mode
Tetiana Yavorska 1[0000-0002-6070-7425] and Oleksii Prihunov1 [0000-0003-1440-0809],
Yuriy Syerov2[0000-0002-5293-4791]
1
Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine
2
Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv 79013, Ukraine
t.yavorska@donnu.edu.ua, prigunov@donnu.edu.ua,
yurii.o.sierov@lpnu.ua
Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of the specifics of the functioning
of libraries in the remote mode to ensure access to information without com-
promising the safety of users and employees. The peculiarities of the represen-
tation of libraries in the most popular social networks are analyzed, attention is
focused on the need to respond quickly to the development of online services,
creating chatbots, expanding the presence of libraries in social networks.
Keywords: Library, Remote activity of Libraries, Social Networks, Chatbots.
1 Introduction
The main trend in the development of the information society is the spread of the
network form of social organization of society, where network communication is the
most effective in the modern communicative space. The media space reflects and
expresses the complex processes of transformation of various spheres of society relat-
ed to informatization. Its structure is a complex hierarchy of information and commu-
nication tools that are constantly changing and differing in diversity, language, sym-
bolism [1] Today, the global deployment of the information and knowledge society is
built around electronic networks, which generate network information flows, struc-
tures, interactions, communication environments, promote the formation of virtual
communities through unique technologies based on globality, interactivity, multime-
dia, mass, asynchrony, anonymity, etc. [2 ].
2 Literature Review
tudies of domestic scientists I. Vershinska, S. Tsvetkov, K. Shpara, V. Shcherbyna,
D. Ivanov, O. Nazarchuk, O. Anisimova and others are devoted to the study of net-
Copyright © 2020 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons Li-
cense Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). COAPSN-2020: International Workshop on
Control, Optimisation and Analytical Processing of Social Networks
work development of society. The study of the Internet as a communicative environ-
ment, engaged in domestic and foreign scientists, including: M. Kirichenko, O. Sos-
nina, I. Shavkun, S. Bikbaeva, A. Bikkulov, V. Ivanov, A. Runov and others.
Social networks, as alternative forms of mass communication, are structures of
global information exchange, play a significant role in the formation of public con-
sciousness, focused on collective functionality, interaction between participants. The
formation of social networks, the main provisions and principles of their use and fore-
casting their future are the research of foreign scholars, including Joseph B. Walter,
D. Westerman, B. Van Der Heide, C. Tong, L. Langwell, J. Kim, J. Anton.
The works of E. Akimova, O. Arestova, L. Babanin, Y. Babayeva, G. Bakulev,
O. Belinskaya, A. Voyskunsky are devoted to modern problems of Internet communi-
cations, and the relationship of users in virtual communities, the impact of social net-
works on the identity of users. V. Volokhonsky, A. Zhichkina, D. Ivanov, T. Keller,
H. Koskel, D. Kutyugin, O. Lobovikova, V. Pleshakov, S. Fedushko, Y. Sуerov.
Social media is defined as a set of all online platforms that enable online users to
communicate with each other and produce user content. In other words, these are web
resources designed to communicate with users online. Communication can take dif-
ferent forms - users can share their thoughts, experiences and knowledge, interact
with each other, set up contacts, and share news, information, videos, photos, music,
and recommendations [3]. With the active entry of Internet technologies in all spheres
of human life, in the period of global informatization, rapid growth of information
exchange and change of methods, forms and purposes of such exchange, the status of
libraries, the specifics of their work has undergone significant changes. The modern
user of the library is ready for revolutionary technologies and is integrated into the
communication space, where network communications play an extremely important
role. The nature, scale and depth of modern change require new approaches and solu-
tions. Such conditions require consolidation and deepening of knowledge about mod-
ern ways of organizing cooperation on the Internet, about the formation and function-
ing of virtual communities, developing web communication skills, orientation in the
processes taking place in the modern virtual information space of Ukraine, research of
main trends and directions of domestic web organization. -communities [4].
The social network for the library is:
─ an additional resource for the library;
─ a platform for the implementation of library projects;
─ the opportunity to express themselves;
─ the opportunity to communicate directly with colleagues, readers, learn about their
opinions, wishes, comments;
─ the opportunity to inform about the activities of the library; - a tool for marketing
research [5].
The works of domestic and foreign scientists are devoted to the study of the function-
ing of libraries in social media, their role in improving the information support of
users through the use of social networks: O. Onishchenko, V. Popyk, V. Horovy,
T. Granchak, Y. Polovynchak, K. Lobuzina, L Chuprina, O. Goroshko, V. Bondaren-
ko, T. Kolesnikova, O. Lavryk, O. Maryina, T. Yavorska, O. Prihunov, V. Stepanov,
A. Kaplan, D. King, S. Kuntz, L. Mont, M. Hanlain, T. Swanson, S. Agae, M. Casey,
J. Davis, D. Fichter, J. Fourner, S. Pandey, R. Holly, P. Hollanty, N. Varier.
3 Basic points statement
Modern libraries play the role of educational, informational, cultural, educational and
social community centers. Confirmation is the Strategy for the development of librar-
ianship for the period up to 2025 «Qualitative changes in libraries to ensure sustaina-
ble development of Ukraine», approved by the Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of
Ukraine dated March 23, 2016 № 219-r. The authors of the document clearly point to
the role of libraries in «the development of information and language culture of socie-
ty, patriotic, legal and environmental education, the formation of a lasting interest in
the study and understanding of national history and culture» [6].
Libraries around the world, like the rest of the world, are faced with the challenge
of the COVID-19 pandemic, facing a difficult choice: how to act in a given period,
what services to provide and how to offer them, from minimum restrictions to com-
plete closure. library institutions. It is known that governments of different countries
independently make different decisions about the functioning of libraries during the
pandemic. In order to protect their employees, funds and users in the conditions of
quarantine imposed in the countries, library institutions are closed, remote work is
organized. The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions
(IFLA) monitors the state of libraries around the world during this period and informs
about the closure of a significant number of public libraries in most countries of the
world. Libraries of many countries in the world Libraries of higher and secondary
education institutions decide on the functioning in accordance with the mode in which
the educational institution operates [7].
Governments in countries with a small number of reported coronavirus infections
have not taken special action on libraries but offer standard guidelines for hygiene in
the service of their users. Obviously, any decision to limit services or close libraries is
complex and is made after assessing all available risks. After all, the safety of library
users and staff is a major condition during a pandemic.
In general, libraries around the world organize the remote work of all employees
whose presence in the library is not critical. According to IFLA, if employees come to
work, the library must ensure that they can work in accordance with the rules of social
distancing:
─ Refer employees to other positions in other departments within the same munici-
palities, for example, use their information management skills to support medical
and social services;
─ Provide constant interaction with users, talking about the possibilities of using
library resources or services;
─ Organize reading of books in online format in compliance with copyright laws;
─ Encourage the use of electronic libraries and other services, in particular, invest in
increasing content and purchasing licenses;
─ Exempt from fines for failure to submit printed materials and increase the number
of e-books that users can take in the library;
─ Provide library facilities and equipment for other activities, such as the manufac-
ture of personal protective equipment [7].
So, to continue to work in the new environment, the library must become a place
where people of all ages will have the opportunity to read, study, communicate and
develop at a better and, most importantly, safer level. Unpredictability during the
pandemic put the libraries of the world and Ukraine in a situation of rapid response
and development of online services. Library associations in many countries are devel-
oping advice on epidemic safety in libraries, looking for opportunities to continue to
support their members. Thus, the Latvian Library Association has organized its annu-
al conference in an online format and conducts a series of virtual events and a cam-
paign on social networks. The New Zealand Library and Information Association (Te
Aotearoa) and the Australian Library and Information Association hold virtual meet-
ings with colleagues. The ENSSIB Association in France has prepared a series of
webinars on various aspects of the impact of the crisis on libraries [7].
In the first three months of 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic affected almost
all aspects of human life, society underwent significant changes. These changes have
been evident in the world of digital behavior, especially as billions of people turn to
connected devices to help them cope with new challenges and work remotely. Social
networks as a means of communication in world practice is a special phenomenon
that expresses such intersubjective relations as communicative interaction, exchange
of meanings in time and space, cognition, construction and constitution of social and
interpersonal relations.
DataReportal analysis shows that 4.57 billion people currently use the Internet,
which is 7% more than last year. Although the global use of social networks has not
yet reached the 50 percent penetration mark, since April 2019, the number of social
network users has increased by more than 8% and today reaches 3.81 billion [7]. Al-
most half of Internet users (47%) in the countries surveyed say they spend more time
using social networks, while about half of these users (23%) say they spend "signifi-
cantly" more time using social networks. compared to the previous period. This is
evidenced by the announcement of Mark Zuckerberg at a press conference on March
18 on the growth of calls through WhatsApp and Facebook Messenger in 2 times the
usual level. According to a GlobalWebIndex study, during a pandemic, people around
the world spend much more time on their digital devices. Thus, more than three quar-
ters (76%) of Internet users aged 16 to 64 in the surveyed countries say that in recent
times they have spent more time using their smartphones compared to their behavior
before the pandemic [8].
One of the most striking trends of recent times has been the sharp increase in
communication through digital platforms, whether with family, friends, colleagues, or
business partners. After all, to cope with the unique problems caused by the pandem-
ic, digital platforms in a period of social isolation are increasingly becoming the only
opportunity to communicate with the outside world. In particular, video conferencing
applications have quickly moved to the center of many people's professional lives,
with many users using these platforms to stay in touch with friends and family. Thus,
the Zoom teleconferencing service has become the most popular, where the number of
active users has reached 200 million, which is 20 times more than at the pandemic
level. Google Meet and Houseparty app downloads have increased. The latter has
become especially popular among young users. Thus, the number of downloads of the
Houseparty application in Spain jumped 2,360 times a week from March 15 to 21. In
Italy, there was an increase of 423 times, while in the UK downloads increased 17
times [8].
So, as we can see, the number of users of social networks in the world tends to
grow steadily. Significant growth and recovery are observed during the global pan-
demic. Therefore, within the framework of our research, it is important to update the
effectiveness of the use of social networks by libraries, to review the format of pres-
ence, content in order to attract a wider audience of virtual users. Social networks
have an appropriate range of opportunities for this, allow you to quickly receive and
share news, opinions, engage in discussions and engage in discussions of acute and
urgent issues in the professional field. We can state that the platforms of social net-
works in the period of libraries in the remote mode have become for librarians the
main link with users.
Among the main functions performed by library pages prevail: first, representative,
is a presentation of the successful functioning of the library in terms of intensification
of information flows; secondly, informational - is to provide the user with information
about new arrivals, presentation of meaningful information and analytical materials;
thirdly, communicative and navigational is to provide the ability to connect between
the document and the user, provides the necessary information through the implemen-
tation of certain forms and tools using electronic technology; fourth: the study of the
social structure of users, aimed at studying the information requests of different cate-
gories of library users in order to optimize the process of information selection; fifth:
corrective, is to analyze the functioning of the site and develop proposals for changes
aimed at improving its efficiency [9]. Currently, one of the most popular and accessi-
ble social networks in the world is Facebook, which confirms the results of the report
[8]. The Facebook social network platform is most widely used in the professional
communication of the library community. As a means of organizing information and
communication space, libraries use Facebook for the purpose of formal and informal
communication, discussion of professional problems, expression of proposals and
initiatives aimed at the development of corporate relations and librarianship in
Ukraine. It is known that the official page of the library in the network is created for
the promotion and advertising of activities, own services and resources, communica-
tion with users. We analyzed the domestic segment of Facebook in relation to the
representation of regional universal scientific libraries. The analysis showed that of
the 21 regional research libraries, all have an official Facebook page (except for li-
braries located in the temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine), which confirms the
maximum presence of libraries on the Facebook social network.
The number of users (subscribers) on the pages has different indicators, we have di-
vided it into three groups: low (from 1-1000 users) - 6 libraries; average (from 1000 -
2000 users) - 6 libraries; high (from 2000-5000 users) - 9 libraries.
At the same time, libraries of different systems and departments need to constantly
monitor social media and expand their presence on the platforms of those social net-
works where users spend more time and use more often. It is worth noting that young
people and students are increasingly leaving Facebook because they see the network
as a platform for the older generation and less relevant to their communication needs.
Researchers point out that "students and young people first look for images and then
text, believe that visual channels have become the most popular means of communi-
cating with younger users, which is why Instagram's audience is growing rapidly [10].
The popularity of Instagram is due to the fact that the modern user is increasingly
becoming a «visual». This social network fully meets his needs: a minimum of text, a
maximum of photos. The number of subscribers to this platform is growing, register-
ing an increase of 4.5 percent since the beginning of the year. According to the report
Digital 2020: Global Digital Overview (Fig.1), Instagram today ranks 6th among
social networks in the world by number of users [8].
Fig.1. Ranking of social networks in the world by number of users
Analysis of the presence of regional research libraries on the social network Insta-
gram showed that only a third have profiles with a small number of subscribers.
4 Our approach
Therefore, one of the most promising, in our opinion, social media for use by li-
braries in the near future is the platform of the social network Instagram, which is the
most effective platform for attracting audiences and has significant advantages, in-
cluding: a large youth audience, visualization of information messages and clip art.
thinking of modern youth, the creation of a specific information message with a spe-
cific purpose, the possibility of filling with multimedia elements, thematic distribution
of material, integrative a system of links to other profiles of the institution in social
networks. Among the many benefits, Instagram provides the ability to use analytical
tools without implementing third-party programs and services.
For libraries, as well as for many information structures, the strategic development
of activities in social networks in the future is of great importance. The main vector of
strategic development of library institutions is the integration of activities in social
networks with other communication channels, their relationship with information
services and products at a qualitatively new level. New creatives arouse interest. It
should be noted that the key issue is how the development of social networks and
information and communication technologies will specifically affect the role of librar-
ies in society and their functions. It is obvious that today social media has become a
central part of everyday communication and services to library users, and one of the
areas of work in an interactive environment and one of the main tasks is the formation
of media and digital culture of information consumers.
It is important to consider the fact that in conditions of constant growth of the total
amount of information there is a real danger of information overload of the human
psyche. Therefore, creating content that would take into account this statement is one
of the main tasks of administering library web pages.
So, the active development of social networks as a mechanism of information ex-
change has recently got the new growth rate. Libraries that are working in the tele-
commuting mode have especially intensified this development. As a result, there is a
question of interaction of the library workers with existing or potential readers for the
effective solving of the objectives which are set to the library by means of communi-
cative possibilities of social networks. It is possible to define such possibilities among
them:
─ attracting new readers;
─ encouraging the reader to use regularly different library services;
─ providing an effective feedback mechanism. Particulary, it is about the formation
of an objective opinion concerning the quality of the offered services and receiving
ideas for their improvement;
─ popularization of the libraries.
The main goal of the library can be achieved in such way - to be accessible to soci-
ety. As a rule, it is proposed to create thematic pages (channels) or groups (communi-
ties) which take into account the interests of their users. Such pages and communities
form an informal space for communication between the librarian and the reader and
provide the traditional opportunity to interact via chat.
Pages and groups on different social networks have approximately the same set of
features.
The thematic(topic) page is a free way to reach the target audience (a certain social
group of people) who are using computers and mobile devices. Comprehensive search
engines index them for quick and easy finding the information that you need.
There are such advantages of the pages:
─ free creation and ease of publishing content.
─ variety and access to a number of free tools that can help to achieve specific goals
depending on the chosen information and behavioral model.
─ increase the loyalty of existing and new readers.
─ available «incorporated» advertising tools which make it possible to increase the
user audience [11].
But this approach has significant drawbacks. Thematic pages cannot provide suffi-
cient information to the readers because they form an almost one-way flow of infor-
mation, and the second thing, they do not provide a full list of publications of the
library fund. Too many pages with even useful information can decrease the reader's
curiosity and make the librarian's efforts futile.
Therefore, the publication of materials requires special approaches to their classifi-
cation. The problem is partially solved by creating a system of related pages of spe-
cially focused topics. This system is built as a model of a bidirectional semantic net-
work (Fig. 2). The units in the system are corresponded to literary genres and links -
to possible address transitions between pages. It is better to note that such a network
may have a more complex architecture, but in such way the control of the information
resource will be lost.
Fig. 2. Model of a bidirectional semantic network
In addition, solving one problem in such way leads to another one: the clarity of
the resource can be lost and the intensity of work increases in order to support it. It is
so because the time for maintaining the current condition of the topic pages increases
significantly.
Groups can become a platform and a means for the formation of an interested liter-
ary community. They create opportunities for discussion of works between readers
and workers of the libraries. This approach should also be used for the rapid exchange
of information between libraries.
The advantages of groups in social networks include:
involvement of people with similar interests in the discussion of issues that can
help support the dynamic development of the community;
creating an environment for quick feedback [12].
Groups are usually created in addition to existing pages, but they can exist as a
separate information resource. Their presence reduces the actual workload on the
library staff, because some questions will be answered directly by readers who are
participants in this community. But they are unable to provide professional and per-
sonalized customer service which include:
─ meeting the information needs of the reader.
─ promoting the level of reading culture and information culture of the reader.
─ organization of cooperation between the reader and the librarian during the whole
time of the reader's usage of the library's services.
1. Collecting 3. The case of
information and its 2. Іdentification changes of the
accumulation in a needs of readers operating
single data information
warehouse system
• changes in the
• search queries • in the library fund library fund - the
• forms of feedback • in the list or content purchase of literary
of information publications
services • correcting the
• in the operation of database of
the chatbot materials that is
available in the
library
• formation of new or
adjustment of
existing measures
• making changes in
the chatbot
functioning
Fig. 3. Enlarged diagram of the library information system that uses a chatbot
Individual conversation, individual information and individual recommendation are
the most effective forms and methods of individual library services [13]. So, the key
among the issues of professional customer service is the word «individual». If we
assume that individual reader service takes about 10 minutes, the maximum possible
number of such users per day will not exceed 50 people per one library employee.
This fact requires finding more effective approaches to solving problems or their
transformation in the context of development modern technologies [14].
Specialized intelligent chatbots is the current trend in the development of social
networks. They can already be developed even without special knowledge in the field
of information technology at the current stage. They can be developed with the help
of custom design services. The introduction of such a bot in the workflow automates
the actions of the librarian and solves the problem of individual reader service 24
hours a day. Chatbots will provide readers with interactive access to the library.
Moreover, they will give recommendations and different pieces of advice. They will
increase the number of possible interactions and at the same time unload library staff.
Figure 3 shows an enlarged diagram of the library information system that uses a
chatbot.
At the first stage, based on the actions of readers or data forms, there is a process of
collecting information and its accumulation in a single data warehouse. The user
search log generates a semantic core for further identification of their information
needs. The chatbot interface should offer the reader a choice of how to search for
materials according to predefined characteristics that correspond to the materials
available in the library: authors, genres, years, types and titles of publications, etc.
This simplifies the further analysis of information that was accumulated over a certain
period of time. Moreover, it might narrow the process of inputting information to
certain values. An additional option is to search using any phrase.
The analysis of the obtained semantic core takes place directly in the second stage.
In order to do this, it is enough and quite simple to form and use the lists of frequen-
cies of words or phrases, as it is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Lists of frequencies of words or phrases
Frequen-
Author Frequency Genre ...
cy
Khrystyna Al-
872 comedy 481 ...
chevska
Mykola Babak 642 tragedy 246 ...
Mykola Chaban 352 melodrama 1021 ...
Daniel the Traveller 561 tragicomedy 456 ...
... ... ... ... ...
The frequency indicator makes it possible to understand exactly what readers are
interested in generally and to identify their information needs.
There is an analysis of materials available in the library and the case of changes of
the operating information system is formed on the basis of the received data at the
second stage:
1. Changes in the library fund - the purchase of literary publications.
2. Correcting the database of materials that is available in the library.
3. Formation of new or adjustment of existing measures.
4. Making changes in the chatbot functioning.
Then the process is repeated.
The transitions and links defined in the chatbot form a single architecture of differ-
ent materials and resources. We include here videos (including YouTube), news, ref-
erence and survey forms, forums, contacts (phone numbers and messengers), loca-
tions, useful links, etc. (Fig. 4).
Fig.4. Single architecture of different materials and resources
The development and usage of a network of chatbots for different messengers can
be an additional opportunity to find an effective solution to the problems of individual
customer service but designed to use the same architecture (Fig. 5).
Fig.5. A network of chatbots that are configured to use the same architecture
This allows you to create within different messengers’ entire systems, with which
it is possible to effectively meet the information requests of library users. And all this
is available without going to a third-party application.
5 Conclusions
The active usage of chatbots by the libraries in social networks and messengers will
solve the problem of individual customer service and significantly improve the organ-
ization of cooperation between readers and librarians over the entire time of reader's
usage of library services. The functioning of the library information system using a
chatbot is especially relevant during the period of libraries in remote mode.
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