=Paper= {{Paper |id=Vol-2616/paper21 |storemode=property |title=Business and Universities in Ukraine: From Network Communication to Practical Implementation |pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2616/paper21.pdf |volume=Vol-2616 |authors= Klynina Tetiana, Sverdlyk Zoriana, Ruslan Kravets |dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/coapsn/TetianaZK20 }} ==Business and Universities in Ukraine: From Network Communication to Practical Implementation== https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2616/paper21.pdf
    Business and Universities in Ukraine: From Network
       Communication to Practical Implementation

        Klynina Tetiana 1[0000-0002-0334-9852], Sverdlyk Zoriana2[0000-0002-2104-0920],

                                Ruslan Kravets3 [0000-0003-2837-9190]
                            1
                            National Aviation University, Ukraine
                   2
                     Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts, Ukraine
        3
          Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, S. Bandera, 12, 79013, Ukraine

                  tklynina@gmail.com, zsverdlyk@gmail.com



       Abstract. The article deals with the main directions of communication interac-
       tion Ukrainian universities and business structures, as well as specific achieve-
       ments of this process. The main directions of cooperation, which are already
       applied in their practical activity by higher education institutions and business
       representatives, are highlighted. In particular, this is: assistance to businesses in
       organization of industrial practice of students; assistance in the organization of
       dual education on the basis of enterprises; interaction through social partner-
       ship; involvement of employers in job fairs and open days organized by univer-
       sities; sponsorship in conferences, roundtables, forums. Priority ways of further
       cooperation of business structures and universities of Ukraine are determined,
       first of all through: creation of scientific centers, laboratories, business incuba-
       tors; reading introductory lectures business representatives for university stu-
       dents; giving companies the opportunity to participate in discussing and prepar-
       ing student curricula and plans; development of a system of charitable financial
       support of universities by business structures. Based on the analysis of the re-
       sults of sociological surveys, problems have been found in establishing com-
       munication links between business and universities, in the employment of grad-
       uates, in financing university projects. It is established that the main factor de-
       termining the prospects of cooperation between business and universities is the
       support of this process at the national legislative level.


       Keywords: Business Structure, University, Fields Of Communication, Job Fair,
       Sponsorship, Internships.


1      Introduction

   One of the key tasks for Ukraine today is the development of higher education as a
priority and strategic resource of the state, since the state of educational development
affects the political, social, economic, cultural status of the country and, most

Copyright © 2020 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons Li-
cense Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). COAPSN-2020: International Workshop on
Control, Optimisation and Analytical Processing of Social Networks
importantly, the prospects of its functioning. Recently, there has been a clear increase
in the dependence of all sectors of the economy on the availability of skilled highly
skilled workers, the quality of their work and the introduction of various innovative
products they have developed. Higher education is an important factor in the social
formation of society, and its improvement is considered a strategic task, because it
contributes to the formation of promising directions for the development of all sectors
of economy, science and culture. In view of this, strategies are being developed at the
state level to improve the system of formation and provision of higher education. It is
also important to identify promising forms of cooperation between universities and
business, as this will ensure the economic development of the country and will
promote the quality and prospect of providing Ukrainian educational services.
   The main purpose of the article is to explore the experience of cooperation between
business and universities of Ukraine and the main perspective forms of
communication between them. The subject of the study was cooperation between
Ukrainian universities and business.

  1.1. Related Research

It should be noted that a large number of Ukrainian scientists addressed the issue of
cooperation between business structures and universities. S. Tarasenko and M. Dem-
chenko touched upon the problems of development of partnership between universi-
ties and business in the conditions of constant innovative changes in the world. The
authors argue that higher education is one of the most important incentives for inno-
vation, but it is not fully realized due to the lack of partnership between the university
and the business sector [20]. Instead, A. Didyk and M. Pogorelov identified in their
research the basic theoretical foundations of the organization of cooperation between
higher education institutions and business, revealed the content of each concept and
gave specific examples [5]. L. Semov addressed the topic of possible borrowing of
world practices in cooperation of business, science and education in Ukraine [19].
The researcher thoroughly analyzed the advantages of introducing a competent ap-
proach in the education of Ukrainian students and drew attention to the urgent need
for such an innovation due to the problem of growing emigration of young intellectual
power. Doctor of Science, Professor I. Mazur is also convinced of the need to use
foreign experience of cooperation between business and education, because the key
task of today is to train specialists of the new type who are able to predict economic
changes and respond quickly to them [11]. Social contacts in education, economic
advantage of cooperation between universities and companies have been studied by S.
Bezwy [2], Y. Dankov [4], Y. Semenets [18] and others. However, only some schol-
ars have touched on the issues of promising forms of relationships in their research, so
this issue needs further consideration.
2     Means and Forms Business-University Communication

2.1   Social network communication

   Social networks are an active tool for higher education institutions to position
themselves not only in the educational information space, but also to establish
contacts with business. Representatives of the latter often monitor the activity of
students who are interested in them, and HR managers during recruitment can analyze
the pages of universities on social networks in order to "catch" the future candidate
for possible indecent behavior or non-compliance with network etiquette in general
(especially when it comes to about high-ranking positions).The analysis of the TOP-
10 higher education institutions according to the rating of 2019 showed that all
universities actively use the most popular social networks in communication today:
Some free economic zones have single pages in each social network, and some in one
social network have more than a dozen pages of different topics and directions




                      Fig. 1. TOP-10 universities in social networks
Thus, the diagram clearly shows that the most popular social channel of interaction
among the free economic zones are the social networks Facebook and Instagram - all
the analyzed universities are registered in them. The "golden mean" is occupied by
Telegram and Twitter, YouTube has dropped a few positions below. The fewest regis-
tered freelance pages were found on the LinkedIn network. Although today LinkedIn
is the most powerful network of professional contacts.


2.2    Business and university: the need to collaborate

   In today's world of rapid technological change and improvement, it is important for
Ukraine to keep track of all innovations and to bring cutting-edge achievements into
all walks of life. This is especially true of the education sector as a promising direc-
tion for the gradual improvement of competitiveness and modernization of all spheres
of public life. However, according to the points of the National Strategy for the De-
velopment of Education in Ukraine for 2012 - 2021 [15], significant inconsistencies in
the higher education system in our country are the partial mismatch of educational
services to the requirements of society, personality requests, labor market needs, and
the inefficiency of an effective system. Employment of graduates of higher education
institutions, their professional support, and insufficient adaptation of the structure and
content of higher education to today's labor market needs. This is confirmed by the
results of the polls. Thus, research by the CEDOS think tank found that 59% of stu-
dents lacked some information about the universities they chose to enter; 22% lacked
information on job prospects, 18% lacked internship opportunities, international ex-
change programs (16%), and information on the content of programs and disciplines
(15%). At the same time, nearly a quarter of students (24%) indicated that they had
not received the desired information about the demand for the profession in the labor
market. However, under any circumstances, 62% of the students surveyed lacked
information about the specialty [9].
   It is worth noting that not only higher education institutions are interested in
establishing cooperation with business structures. A university is a kind of valuable
source of knowledge that can also benefit business innovation, which in turn will lead
to increased productivity and therefore profit. However, unfortunately, an algorithm
for establishing practical communication and interaction has not yet been developed.
We propose to pay attention when solving this algorithm on its 4 components:

           Identify necessary strategic needs
           Evaluate and select a business partner or university partner
           Implementation of partnership
           Evaluation, reassessment and change of partnership.

   Of course, a good solution in this situation would be to create, at the state level, an
information platform, a kind of database of likely business and university partners.
Because of the lack of credible information and its limited nature, both parties to the
engagement cannot identify the partners they need, and as a result enter into
partnerships with “not the” organizations, which ultimately leads to the termination of
the partnership. Another problem is that such cooperation, if it exists, can only be
afforded by representatives of big business, narrowing the circle of people involved in
the partnership. This is directly explained by the limited internal and material
resources of small and medium-sized business representatives who cannot afford to
sponsor or invest in the "far-sighted perspective". In this case, assistance would have
to come from the state, which, through some subsidies and tax relief, encouraged
small and medium-sized businesses to cooperate with universities.
   Unfortunately, business and high school representatives identify different obstacles
that impede their partnership. Universities believe that the main barriers to coopera-
tion are the lack of awareness of business opportunities for universities. According to
entrepreneurs, partnerships do not come out often because of misunderstandings on
the one hand, the realities of the business environment and, on the other, because of
the bureaucratic nature of higher education institutions [8]. At the same time, in the
modern world, very rapidly developing scientific technologies and business structures
play a significant role in this process. Universities have quickly realized the benefits
of working with business, as the university is at the peak of global economic and edu-
cational trends as a training ground for skilled professionals. This, in turn, makes it
possible not only to successfully integrate the partner structures in the educational
process, but also to continue work on the commercialization of their own develop-
ments. Also, the university quite clearly sees the current priorities and requests of
companies, according to which forms parts of training programs, courses, practices
[21].


2.3    Communication tools and means
The annual National Forum on Business and Universities is being held to provide
more detailed coverage of proposals from employers and the ability of universities to
meet the existing needs of enterprises in skilled personnel in Ukraine. A key idea of
the event is to deepen the business-education partnership. The first forum was held in
2013 and was attended by over 200 representatives of universities, companies,
relevant authorities, media, domestic and international experts. The key issues
discussed at the meetings were: establishing an effective partnership between business
and universities, ways of balancing employers 'and universities' expectations
regarding training of specialists, development of STEM education for innovative
development of Ukraine. Companies and institutions of higher education (SCM,
Ukrzaliznytsia, FILM UA GROUP, Girski Mashiny, Portinvest, Kyiv Polytechnic
Institution, Taras Shevchenko National University, Priazovsky State Technical
University, Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport, etc.) presented
their partnership partnership practices in the field, development of entrepreneurial
skills, employment, introduction of online education [7].
   The second forum was held in 2014 under the slogan "Transformation of
education". Topical topics were discussed during the panel discussions, such as
foreign partnership practices of educational institutions and companies, student
business incubators, peculiarities of cooperation between representatives of business
and universities in the education of journalists, pharmacists, as well as technical
education. A special study conducted by the CSR Development Center from May to
July 2014 among students from 30 universities in 10 regions of Ukraine helped to
identify factors that influence the formation of a student-friendly employer brand. The
results show that there are few affiliate educational programs and activities in the
market for a number of specialties (eg chemistry, agricultural, technical specialties
other than IT, humanities), on the other hand, the students' passivity is also observed
[17].
   However, companies that are planning to hire university graduates first need
active, persistent, team members. This fact was confirmed by a survey of business
structures and job databases. Often, employers pay attention to responsibility,
perseverance, the desire to develop, communicativeness of the applicant [25]. Often
the skills that are missing (according to the survey are project management, strategic
thinking, solving complex problems) [25], are obtained by young workers at the place
of work, thanks to the companies conducting trainings, courses, seminars, etc. This, in
turn, indicates that Ukrainian universities do not teach students the skills that are
business priorities. Therefore, it is important and important to establish new and
deepen existing contacts between business structures and higher education
institutions. In organizing the cooperation of a higher education institution with a
business structure (or business structures), according to A. Didik and M. Pogorelov,
in order to satisfy the interests of each participant of interaction it is necessary to
"combine" the interests of one of them with the resources of the other and spend such
the procedure for all participants in the "institution of higher education - business
structure". It is then that cooperation on a voluntary basis will be productive due to
the presence of interest of each of the participants of the interaction [5].
   At present, the process of practical communication of Ukrainian universities with
business representatives is taking place in several main areas (See Table 2).


2.4    Industrial placements (internships) and job fair
   The most common form of cooperation between business structures and universi-
ties is assistance in organizing industrial placements (internships) for students, which
is implemented by 71% of enterprises. Only 32% of enterprises practice engaging
students in the enterprise [20]. However, the idea of introducing dual education has
recently become widespread in Ukraine, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of
Ukraine in September 2018 [14]. This Concept was the result of two and a half years
of discussions between experts, employers, educational institutions and authorities.
The essence of such a system lies in the close interaction between the enterprise and
educational institutions through social partnership. During 2015–2017, an experiment
was conducted on the organization of the educational-production process with ele-
ments of the dual form of education in the vocational schools of Kyiv, Lviv and Za-
porizhzhya. The pilot project confirmed positive results: high level of employment -
up to 97%, improvement of the quality of vocational training, more stable and mutual-
ly beneficial cooperation with employers. The dissemination of the experience of
three cities takes place in several stages, where the first is the development of a regu-
latory framework, since 2020 - the development of dual education models, project
implementation and performance evaluation, and since 2023 - the emergence of dual
education clusters that combine educational institutions and interested employers
[13]. Today, universities are also involved in the dual education project, mainly in
technical specialties. Thus, the Ukrainian Catholic University (Lviv) and the IT com-
pany SoftServe have signed a document according to which the company will intro-
duce into the curriculum a new course of Deep Reinforcement Learning on artificial
intelligence and state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms. SoftServe experts will
teach the discipline [24]. A number of agreements were signed with enterprises and
institutions by the National Technical University of Ukraine «KPI named after Igor
Sikorsky”, their main goal is to train high-quality qualified personnel for work in the
space industry of Ukraine and, in particular, at the company“ Firefly Aerospace Space
Ukraine ”. According to the agreements, a Space Science and Technology Training
Center was created within the Institute of Aerospace Technologies (IAT). This center
will operate on the principle of dual education [10]. The idea of introducing dual edu-
cation was also supported by some other universities in Kyiv, Lviv, as well as Odessa,
Dnipro.
    Another area is job fairs. Both large and small companies can participate in such
activities. Among the benefits for business from this form of cooperation can be iden-
tified the possibility of establishing relationships with the institution, access to other
forms of cooperation, presentation of the company as an employer of student audienc-
es. For educational institutions, a job fair is a kind of indicator of successful coopera-
tion with employers, an opportunity to show students the extent of interaction with
companies, to emphasize that the university not only provides an opportunity to get
education, but also facilitates employment [13]. For students, the job fairs are im-
portant because it is at such events that they can feel the interview when hiring, com-
municating one-on-one with the manager-representative of the firm, company. The
student can also find out about the prospect and demand of the chosen profession, the
real salary, the possibility of improving their specialization and so on. Interesting is
the fact that job fairs are a long-term way of finding a job. Many companies partici-
pate in the fairs not only to close the vacancies, but also to solve the task of forming a
database of their organization's personnel reserve. Very often job offers begin to ar-
rive some time after the fair, when new vacancies appear in the company and staff
members refer to a previously formed database [6]. Thus, in 2019, a number of job
fairs were held in Stud-Point by the youth employment organization in Kyiv, Dnipro,
Odesa, Kharkiv. Each event took place at a certain faculty, that was thematic. Em-
ployers participating in the job fair in Kyiv were teams of 64 companies, including
professionals such as Join The Idea, Aroma Kava, Metro, 1 + 1 Media, Lifecell, Nova
Poshta, Deloitte, EY, ePravo and many others. Visitors to the job fair could personally
interact with staff members of the represented companies, optionally interview and
even be invited to an internship with a potential employer or immediately to work.
Free trainings and consultations were held during the job fair.
2.5    Sponsorship as a kind of cooperation
   A separate kind of cooperation between business and universities is sponsorship
through conferences, round tables, forums. At the same time, it is important to focus
on the sponsor according to the topic of the planned event, because most of the organ-
izers' proposals are the speech of the sponsor at the meeting, a partial influence on the
content of the speeches of honorary guests and speakers, the priority attitude through-
out the event period, the ability to brand pens, folders, other devices commonly used
in this kind of event.
   Sponsorship is beneficial to business structures primarily because of the opportuni-
ty to expand its target audience, consolidate its own image, and enhance the status of
a powerful player in the business arena. It enables businesses and companies to pre-
sent their own brand and, from a professional point of view, evaluate and listen to
students as potential employees. An interesting form of cooperation can be the devel-
opment of a system of charitable financial support of universities by business struc-
tures, as well as the organization and holding of joint events not only by universities,
but also by business. An example of the promising nature of such steps could be the
experience of the ZM technology company, one of the areas of activity of which is
healthcare.
   Together with the medical universities of Odessa, Kyiv, Lviv, Zaporizhia, Kharkiv,
Vinnytsia, Sumy the company installed the latest medical equipment in their depart-
ments. For the company the obvious advantage of cooperation is introducing students
to the products of ZM company and the possibility of forming brand loyalty. For
teachers and students - working with medical equipment of the company, which is the
world standard of quality. This program and innovative products of ZM Company
allow departments and students to implement modern approaches in the process of
teaching and making accurate diagnoses in future medical practice. About 5,000 stu-
dents have been able to improve their auscultation skills with an acoustic device since
the beginning of the collaboration [23].
   An interesting form of cooperation is also holding open days at universities, where
prospective students can get acquainted with all the benefits of studying in a particular
institution. Also, these events usually announce information about signed agreements
with business organizations, students 'work placement at enterprises, prospects for
graduates' employment. However, job fairs remain popular with employers' participa-
tion events, while only 22% of surveyed respondents actively attend open days [1].
   At the same time, the days of the open doors are interesting and informative, and
the guests are usually informed about the features of the introductory campaign both
by representatives of the units and by representatives of the admissions committee;
Deans and directors take care of the information stands of faculties and institutes, and
any educational program is voiced by its authors [16].
   On open days, there are often mini-concerts, workshops, quests, sports. Such ac-
tions attract a large number of visitors: over 5,000 people attended the event (4 exhi-
bitions over 2 years), and coverage of the events created by the KNU Expo All-
University Open Door Network network event reached over 30,000 users each time
[16].
      Table 1.     Forms of cooperation between business structures and universities
                                  Directions of cooperation
 Industrial      Organization      Reading ac-      Job fair    Sponsorship     Organi-
  practice       of laborato-      quaintances      and par-     (as well as    zation of
  (intern-        ries, scien-      lectures by    ticipation   direct finan-   business
    ship)        tific centers,   business rep-     in open      cial assis-    incuba-
                   basic de-       resentatives      days at      tance and     tors at
                  partments.      for university   universi-    event spon-     Universi-
                                      students         ties        sorship)     ties


2.6     The technical and teaching sides of cooperation
   Regarding the types of prospective cooperation, the organization of laboratories,
scientific centers, basic departments can serve as one of them. With such cooperation,
the university receives modern equipment, new areas of work with students are
developed, and employers in this way receive the opportunity to train personnel in
accordance with the specifics of the company. Scientific centers and laboratories
allow business structures to select the best students, provide them with a place to
practice (internship), and subsequently provide a full-fledged workplace [20]. As an
example, at NTU Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute there are two centers of
commercialization of scientific and technical developments: the Center for
Commercialization of Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer and the Center
for Technology Transfer. The Technology Transfer Center was established with the
participation of the Northeast Scientific Center of the NAS of Ukraine, the National
Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", the NGO "International
Cooperation Agency", the association "Kharkiv Marketing Center", LLC "Kharkiv
Regional Investment Center", the Center for Small Business Development Kharkov
Technologies.
   The main purpose of the Center for Technology Transfer is to develop and imple-
ment an effective mechanism for transferring ready-to-use domestic and foreign high
technologies to production [16]. A similar goal is set by scientific centers established
at Kyiv National Economic University, Zaporizhzhya National University, Kyiv Na-
tional University named after Taras Shevchenko and others.
   Another promising form of cooperation is reading business lectures from business
representatives for university students. It allows to diversify the educational process,
to add practical character to theoretical materials. Companies can thus introduce
themselves to students [13].
   At the same time, demonstrating the activities of companies and organizations in
open lectures often activates the mobility of students and teachers. On the one hand,
this is a positive thing, because this is how the exchange of achievements and
knowledge occurs, and foreign experience in learning and teaching is acquired. How-
ever, on the other hand, the negative social consequence of such cooperation is the
desire of young people to leave Ukraine. The results of the survey [12] showed that
21% of the respondents expressed a desire to work abroad for a while, but then return
to Ukraine, 6.2% - would like to study abroad but then return to Ukraine. However,
11.7% of young people aged 14-34 are looking for opportunities to emigrate from
Ukraine, and 4.3% plan to do so in the near future.
   The reasons for migration of young people abroad are mainly economic reasons: to
earn money for the sake of material well-being (47.8% of those who have expressed a
desire to emigrate) and to have better opportunities to work abroad than in Ukraine
(39.3% of those who expressed a desire to emigrate). That is why it is important to
develop at the universities such economic and organizational mechanisms that can
enhance the scientific and innovative potential of Ukrainian business enterprises.
Then the companies will be interested in hiring university graduates to ensure their
stable earnings and career prospects. All this indicates the need for constant direct
cooperation between business structures and universities, which contributes to the
achievement of economic, cultural prosperity, laying the foundations for the success-
ful development of society as a whole [21].
   Recently, you can find information about the organization of business incubator
universities. This form of cooperation is interesting and mutually beneficial, since it
allows you to develop national education and attract additional foreign investment.
Incubators are an important tool of an innovation system whereby scientific groups,
authors of new developments and technologies, together with the universities where
these developments originate, create new high-tech companies, which usually have
intellectual property rights in the authorized capital [3].
   Thus, in November 2018, a number of meetings took place in Kharkiv to establish
a business incubator at the National Technical University of Kharkiv Polytechnic
Institute. Guests were shown the space for a future business incubator. The scientists
and masters of KPI presented innovative developments in the field of biomedical
electronics, chemical technologies, materials science, electric motors and building
materials. Speakers as Project Experts: US Financier, Ukraine Phoenix Venture Capi-
tal Fund Representative Charles Whitehead, USAID (USA) Consultant William
Merker, UPEC Research & Development Director, Edward Simson Corporation, and
others. The incubator will be available to academics, faculty and university students,
as well as any startup groups. Incubation will include projects related to a wide range
of technologies - engineering, pharmacology, medicine, information technology, arti-
ficial intelligence, blockchain [3]. Similar youth business incubators operate at
KNEU, NAU, Kyiv National University named after Taras Shevchenko to solve busi-
ness problems by implementing innovative startup projects.
   One of the promising areas of business involvement in cooperation with universi-
ties is to enable companies to participate in discussions, preparation of student curric-
ula and plans for their work. Collaboration of Samsung Electronics Ukraine (a leading
manufacturer of electronics and home appliances) with NTUU "KPI named after Igor
Sikorsky ”was involved in organizing and conducting two semesters of programming
lessons, which included the following disciplines: cryptography, video processing and
high-performance computing on GPUs, advanced machine learning and natural lan-
guage processing methods. The company has also installed a smart class in one of the
enclosures, equipped with a number of innovative Samsung products, including an
interactive whiteboard, tablets of the latest models, multifunctional devices and soft-
ware [23].
2.7      Results of research
   In today's realities in the issue of interaction between business and universities,
there is a tendency to move away from only communication in the network plane to
real practical actions. However, unfortunately, this trend is only developing, and
therefore not devoid of both positive and negative aspects.


                                              Aspects
                                         of communication


          Positive:                                     Negative:
          - for higher education institutions           - there is no algorithm for
      and students:                                 building communication be-
          1) additional financial support does      tween business and the universi-
      not come from the state, but also from        ty
      commercial structures                             - business ignorance of the
          2) students have the opportunity to       university's activities and its
      acquire practical skills and experience       innovative potential is often
      within the university, to move from the       observed
      theoretical plane to the practical imple-         - there is no support from the
      mentation of their knowledge                  state in the established commu-
          3) the opportunity for students to get    nications between business and
      a job after graduation                        the university
          - for business:                               - locality of interests - the
          1) the opportunity to introduce inno-     search for potential business
      vative ideas of the younger generation to     partners is entrusted to the
      production and as a result - to make a        structural units of the university
      profit                                        (deans, departments)
          2) based on the results of the intern-        - short duration of coopera-
      ship (internship) to select the best stu-     tion
      dents to the reserve




3        Conclusions

   As a result of the research, the main directions of cooperation between Ukrainian
universities and business were highlighted. The specific examples demonstrate
qualitative changes in approaches to the organization of the educational process,
primarily through the creation of scientific centers, laboratories, business incubators,
where each student has the opportunity to demonstrate their own start-up project and
become part of a specific company as an employee or young specialist. The most
priority ways of further cooperation of business structures and universities of Ukraine
are identified and it is found that the main factor determining the prospects of
cooperation between business and universities remains the support of this process at
the national legislative level. A detailed analysis of the experience of foreign
countries, its improvement and testing in the Ukrainian scientific space can also
become a key factor and bring Ukrainian education closer to European standards.


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