=Paper= {{Paper |id=Vol-2643/paper06 |storemode=property |title=The state of ICT implementation in institutions of general secondary education: a case of Ukraine |pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2643/paper06.pdf |volume=Vol-2643 |authors=Tetiana A. Vakaliuk,Dmytro S. Antoniuk,Vladimir N. Soloviev |dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cte/VakaliukAS19 }} ==The state of ICT implementation in institutions of general secondary education: a case of Ukraine== https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2643/paper06.pdf
                                                                                               119


The state of ICT implementation in institutions of general
         secondary education: a case of Ukraine

     Tetiana A. Vakaliuk1[0000-0001-6825-4697], Dmytro S. Antoniuk1[0000-0001-7496-3553] and
                        Vladimir N. Soloviev2[0000-0002-4945-202X]
    1 Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, 103 Chudnivsyka Str., Zhytomyr, 10005, Ukraine

          tetianavakaliuk@gmail.com, dmitry_antonyuk@yahoo.com
    2 Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University, 54 Gagarin Ave., Kryvyi Rih, 50086, Ukraine

                               vnsoloviev2016@gmail.com



         Abstract. The use of digital technology in various fields of education today is
         one of the most important trends in the educational process in the world. The
         article presents the results of the analysis of the current state of implementation
         of ICT in the educational process of institutions of general secondary education
         in Ukraine. For this purpose, a survey was conducted among students of the first
         year of the Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, within which 17 questions
         were asked to students related to the use of information and communication
         technologies in the educational process. As a result of the research, the
         introduction of the discipline “Educational technologies and digital education”
         into the training of future information technology specialists was substantiated,
         as well as the certification educational program “Information systems and cloud
         technologies in the educational process”, designed for general education teachers,
         educators for higher education institutions, experts in the field of additional
         educational services, and other professionals.

         Keywords: information and communication technologies, massive open online
         courses, cloud technologies, cloud services, game simulators, simulators,
         general secondary education institutions.


1        Introduction

The Law of Ukraine “On Education” states that the formation of information and
communication competence in students is mandatory [49] because digital competence
is recognized by European Union as one of the key competences [25]. As a result, as
stated in the conceptual framework of the digitalization of Ukraine, target audiences in
the implementation of the state program on digital literacy are elementary school,
secondary school, vocational school, and higher education institutions (HEI) [32].
    The use of digital technology in various fields of education today is one of the most
important trends in the educational process in the world [16; 21; 29; 30]. Such
technologies allow making the learning process more qualitative and interesting,
because using the media and interactive tools the teacher can introducing the different

___________________
Copyright © 2020 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
120


methods of working in the classroom: project method, research and development work,
educational games, etc. [9; 32; 42; 44; 46; 52].
   Also, the latest situation with pandemic spread of COVID-2019 and corresponding
measures that cause disruptions in the educational process around the world one more
time emphasizes the importance of ICT in Education [14; 36].
   The issues of computerization and informatization of the educational process are
widely considered in the works of Olga V. Bondarenko [4], Oleksandr Yu. Burov [17],
Valerii Yu. Bykov [6], Vita A. Hamaniuk [8], Andrii M. Hurzhii [7], Anna V. Iatsyshyn
[51], Olena O. Lavrentieva [19], Oksana M. Markova [27], Iryna S. Mintii [22],
Yevhenii O. Modlo [24], Pavlo P. Nechypurenko [26], Serhii A. Rakov [33], Natalya
V. Rashevska [34], Lina M. Rybalko [20], Zarema S. Seidametova [35], Serhiy O.
Semerikov [23], Svitlana V. Shokaliuk [40], Mariya P. Shyshkina [31], Aleksander V.
Spivakovsky [39], Nina F. Talyzina [41], Illia O. Teplytskyi [37], Yurii V. Tryus [43],
Vladyslav Ye. Velychko [13], Myroslav I. Zhaldak [50] and others.
   Also, the issue of the introduction of various ICT in the educational process of
educational institutions is considered by foreign scientists.
   In particular, Alkhansa A. Shakeabubakor, Elankovan Sundararajan and Abdul
Razak Hamdan considering cloud computing services and applications to improve the
productivity of university researchers [38].
   Gonzalo Almerich, Natividad Orellana, Jesús Suárez-Rodríguez and Isabel Díaz-
García analyze teachers’ information and communication technology competences [1].
Sourya Biswas ascertains how cloud computing can help in education [3]. Marwin
Britto [5], Snejana Dineva and Veselina Nedeva [10], Silky Bansal, Sawtantar Singh
and Amit Kumar [2], Tuncay Ercan [12] considered the use of cloud computing in
higher education.
   Chipo Dzikite, Yvonne Nsubuga and Vuyisile Nkonki investigated lecturers’
competencies in ICT for effective implementation of ICT-integrated teaching and
learning in textiles and clothing degree programmes [11]. Dana Hanson-Baldauf and
Sandra Hughes Hassell reveals issues the information and communication technology
competencies of students enrolled in school library media certification programs [15].
Andreas M. Kaplan and Michael Haenlein analyze the problem of higher education and
the digital revolution [18].
   The purpose of this article is to establish the current state of implementation of ICT
in the educational process of institutions of general secondary education in Ukraine.


2      Results

To find out the current state of implementation of various ICT in the educational
process of institutions of general secondary education, as well as to form a group of
selective disciplines, a survey of students of the first year of the Zhytomyr Polytechnic
State University was conducted. In total, 167 respondents participated in the survey.
   Students were asked to answer the following questions [28]:
 1. Do you know what application packages are?
 2. Did you study application packages at school/college?
                                                                                     121


 3. What kind of application packages have you studied/reviewed?
 4. From which package did you study office application packages (text editors;
    spreadsheets; database management systems; demo tools)?
 5. Do you know what “cloud services” is?
 6. Which of the following programs and services is cloud-based?
 7. Do you know what massive open online courses are?
 8. Do you use these courses at school/college?
 9. If the answer to the previous question is “Yes,” which one?
10. Have you used massive open online courses for self-study?
11. Did teachers use any other tools when studying programming in Computer Science?
12. If the answer to the previous question is “Yes”, what are the tools?
13. Did any information and communication technology tools (curricula, multimedia,
    simulators, games, virtual laboratories, etc.) be used in the school/college by non-
    CS teachers?
14. If the answer to the previous question is “Yes”, in what lessons did the teachers use
    such tools?
15. Which one did you enjoy the most and why (also indicate the item on which it was
    used)?
16. Was the teaching of this subject more interesting using a variety of tools than
    without using them?
17. What additional services would you like to consider and explore how to use them?
Let us analyze the answers to each question. First question “Do you know what
application packages are?” the purpose was to establish whether the first-year students
have basic concepts of the school course in Computer Science (CS). The results of the
survey indicate that 91% of students have basic concepts, 9% do not (see Figure 1).

                            9%




                                                                       Yes
                                                                       No




                                       91%


                       Fig. 1. Percentage of answers to question # 1

Regarding the second question, “Did you study application packages at
school/college?”, 18% said no and 82% said yes (see Figure 2). This indicates that
either the teacher did not adhere to the standard of general education, or the first-year
students do not understand the basic concepts of CS.
122

                               18%




                                                                             Yes
                                                                             No




                                                     82%

                                Fig. 2. Percentage of answers to question # 2

The answer to what exactly served as this distribution of answers to the previous
question is to analyze the answers to the following. In response to the question “What
kind of application packages have you studied/reviewed?”, all 167 respondents chose
one of the suggested options, which means that as a student they studied everything
they needed, they just did not have the necessary terminology. In this case, 88% of
respondents noted that they studied text editors, 77,8% – spreadsheets, 65,3% – tools
for creating demonstration material, 38,3% – database management systems, 32,3% –
graphic editors, 22,2% – educational programs, 16,8% – multimedia systems and
computer games (see Figure 3).

 multimedia systems and computer games

                     educational programs

                           graphic editors

          database management systems

  tools for creating demonstration material

                             spreadsheets

                               text editors

                                          0%   10%   20%   30%   40%   50%      60%   70%   80%   90%

                       Fig. 3. Percentage of respondents’ answers to question # 3

During the informatization of society, new ICT are constantly appearing, which are
replacing the usual applications. One of such ICT is a cloud technology – a service that
allows remote use of data processing and storage tools [48].
   The next question was to find out whether schools use the standard MS Office suite,
or whether some teachers use cloud services. Results of the answers to the question
“From which package did you study office application packages (text editors;
spreadsheets; database management systems; demo tools)?” 80,2% of those surveyed
had studied MS Office, 22,2% had studied Office 365, and 24% had studied Google
services (see Figure 4). In particular, 59,3% (99 people) of the proposed list chose MS
Office only.
                                                                                         123




   Google



Office 365



 MS Office


        0,00%   10,00%   20,00% 30,00%   40,00% 50,00%     60,00% 70,00%      80,00% 90,00%

                 Fig. 4. Percentage of respondents’ answers to question # 4

That is why the next question was “Do you know what “cloud services” is?”, to which
84,3% answered “yes” and the other 15,7% answered “no” (see Figure 5). Although the
study of cloud services is also included in the CS curriculum, not all school teachers
adhere to the relevant document.

                         15,7%




                                                                    Yes
                                                                    No




                                           84,3%

                 Fig. 5. Percentage of respondents’ answers to question # 5

Answers to the following question “Which of the following programs and services are
cloud-based?” are quite interesting as 13,4% of respondents said that MS Office is a
cloud service. Also, 12,7% said Office 365 was cloud-based, 82,6% noted Google
services, and 7,6% noted Prezi (see Figure 6). It’s worth noting that Office 365, Google,
and Prezi are among the cloud ones listed.
   As Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University actively introduces massive open online
courses, the following question “Did you know what massive open online courses
are?”. The survey results indicate that 74,3% know what it is, the other 25,7% do not
(see Figure 7).
   In doing so, in response to the question “Do you use these courses at
school/college?” 88,6% of students (percent of those who answered “yes” to the
previous question) answered, “yes” (see Figure 8).
   To find out what kind of open online courses are used in the educational process of
general secondary education institutions, the following question was analyzed: “If the
answer to the previous question is “Yes”, which one?”. The analysis of the results
124


shows that in most cases (50%) are Cisco Academy courses, in some cases (13,6%) are
Prometheus, and all others are isolated cases of other courses (see Figure 9). It should
be noted that Zhytomyr Polytechnic is closely cooperating with Cisco Academy, as a
result of cooperation in the institution of higher education actively used courses of the
said academy in the educational process (when studying courses “Computer
Networks”, “Python Programming”, “Cybersecurity”).


      Prezi



   Google



 Office 365



 MS Office


         0,00%   10,00%   20,00%     30,00%   40,00%     50,00%   60,00%   70,00%   80,00%   90,00%

                  Fig. 6. Percentage of respondents’ answers to question # 6


                     25,7%




                                                                           Yes
                                                                           No




                                                      74,3%



                  Fig. 7. Percentage of respondents’ answers to question # 7

                                              11,4%




                                                                           Yes
                                                                           No




                             88,6%

                  Fig. 8. Percentage of respondents’ answers to question # 8
                                                                                    125




                 Fig. 9. Percentage of respondents’ answers to question # 9

Also, to facilitate the use of massive open online courses (MOOC) in students’
independent work, the following question “Have you used massive open online courses
for self-study?” The results of the survey (67,1% – yes, 32,9% – no, see Figure 10)
indicate that not all students used MOOC for independent work, and therefore, before
using these courses, it is worth conducting coaching for students who do not know how
to use such MOOC.


                                                  32,9%



                                                                     Yes
                                                                     No



                  67,1%




                Fig. 10. Percentage of respondents’ answers to question # 10

Also, an important question was, “Did teachers use any other tools when studying
programming in Computer Science?”, in which 50,9% said “yes, they used”, 49,1% –
no (see Figure 11).
   To find out what kind of tools were still used in CS lessons, the following question
was asked: “If the answer to the previous question is “Yes”, what are the tools?”. The
results (see Figure 12) indicate that 32,2% of the respondents worked with online
compilers, 33,3% – with automated programming tasks, 50,6% – with simulators,
52,9% – with training games. According to previous research [48], it is with online
compilers and automated systems for checking programming tasks that computer
teachers want to work in the educational process, but for some reason, they are not used
yet.
   As ICTs can be used not only in CS lessons, the next question was “Did any
information and communication technology tools (curricula, multimedia, simulators,
games, virtual laboratories, etc.) be used in the school/college by non-CS teachers?”.
126




                                                                      Yes
                                                      49,1%
                  50,9%
                                                                      No




                Fig. 11. Percentage of respondents’ answers to question # 11


                          other

               training games

                   simulators

  automated programming tasks

              online compilers

                            0,00%   10,00%   20,00%    30,00%   40,00%      50,00%   60,00%

                Fig. 12. Percentage of respondents’ answers to question # 12

Survey results indicate that in 51,5% of cases ICT was used in other lessons, in 48,5%
it was not (see Figure 13).




                                                      48,5%           Yes
                  51,5%                                               No




                Fig. 13. Percentage of respondents’ answers to question # 13

Among those who answered “yes” to the following question “If the answer to the
previous question is “Yes”, in what lessons did the teachers use such tools?” were
distributed as follows (see Figure 14): 50% – ICT used in language and literature
lessons; 48,8% – in mathematics lessons; 43,8% – physics; 38,8% – history; 33,8% –
chemistry; 30% – biology; 20% – geography etc.
                                                                                        127


                  other
           economics
            informatics
         draftsmanship
            geography
                biology
             chemistry
                history
               physics
         mathematics
language and literature

                          0%   5%   10%   15%      20%   25%   30%   35%   40%   45%   50%

                 Fig. 14. Percentage of respondents’ answers to question # 14

This indicates that most teachers still do not use different ICTs in their activities,
although there are currently many tools that can be used in the educational process of a
general secondary education institution.
   The next question is, “Which one did you enjoy the most and why (also indicate the
item on which it was used)?” made it possible for teachers to use the following ICT
tools in their activities: multimedia, presentations, games, documentary, online quiz,
educational films, simulators, and automated verification systems.
   Analysis of the distribution of answers to the question “Was the teaching of this
subject more interesting using a variety of tools than without using them?” (see Figure
15) indicate that it is still more interesting for students to use ICT in the educational
process than not use.

                           14,5%




                                                                     Yes
                                                                     No




                                           85,5%

                 Fig. 15. Percentage of respondents’ answers to question # 16

To determine what other services could be considered with students, the answers to the
question “What additional services would you like to consider and explore how to use
them?” were analyzed. The results show that students want to study game simulators in
128


detail – 62,3%, cloud services for collaboration on documents – 59,9%, educational
games – 45,5%, tools for learning programming – 43,7%, simulators – 41,3%, computer
network modeling tools – 35,3%, virtual labs – 34,7%, massive open online courses –
29,9%, statistical data processing tools – 25,7%, cloud services to build distance
courses – 24,6%, collaboration tools for project activity – 23,4%, mathematical services
– 22,8%, mind maps – 19,8% (see Figure 16).

                                                                         mind maps

                                                                         mathematical services

                                                                         collaboration tools for project
                                                                         activity
                                                                          Cloud Services to Build
                                                                         distance courses
                                                                         Statistical Data Processing
                                                                         Tools
                                                                         Massive Open Online Courses

                                                                         Virtual Labs

                                                                         Computer Network Modeling
                                                                         Tools
                                                                         simulators

                                                                         tools for learning programming

                                                                         educational games

                                                                         cloud services for collaboration
                                                                         on documents
0,00%     10,00%   20,00%   30,00%   40,00%   50,00%   60,00%   70,00%   game simulators


                    Fig. 16. Percentage of respondents’ answers to question # 17


3         Conclusion

As a result of the research, the introduction of the discipline “Educational technologies
and digital education” into the training of future information technology specialists was
substantiated [45], and the certification program “Information systems and cloud
technologies in the educational process” was developed [47], which is aimed at teachers
of general schools, teachers of HEI, specialists in the field of additional educational
services, and other specialists.
   Certified educational program “Information Systems and Cloud Technologies in the
Educational Process” aims at forming knowledge about the peculiarities of using
information systems and cloud technologies in the educational process of educational
institutions, forming the ability to plan, develop courses at the methodological and
information-technical levels using modern information systems and cloud technologies,
to organize various forms of higher education by applying modern information systems
and cloud technologies.


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