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{{Paper
|id=Vol-2643/paper08
|storemode=property
|title=Methodological aspects of preparation of educational content on the basis of distance education platforms
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2643/paper08.pdf
|volume=Vol-2643
|authors=Alexander F. Tarasov,Irina A. Getman,Svetlana S. Turlakova,Ihor I. Stashkevych,Serhiy M. Kozmenko
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cte/TarasovGTSK19
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==Methodological aspects of preparation of educational content on the basis of distance education platforms==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2643/paper08.pdf
161
Methodical aspects of preparation of educational content
on the basis of distance education platforms
Alexander F. Tarasov1[0000-0002-0493-1529], Irina A. Getman1[0000-0003-1835-4256],
Svetlana S. Turlakova2[0000-0002-3954-8503], Ihor I. Stashkevych1[0000-0002-7411-9835] and
Serhiy M. Kozmenko3[0000-0001-7710-4842]
1 Donbass State Engineering Academy,
39 Mashinobudivnykiv Blvd., Kramatorsk, 84313, Ukraine
alexandrtar50@gmail.com,{getman_irina, stashkevich_dgma}@ukr.net
2 Institute of Industrial Economics of the NAS of Ukraine,
2 Marii Kapnist Str., Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
svetlana.turlakova@gmail.com
3 University of Social Science, 9 Sienkiewicza Str., 90-113 Łódź, Poland
serhiy@businessperspectives.org
Abstract. The urgency of application of technologies and means of distance
learning in educational process of higher educational institutions is designated.
The growing frequency of using cloud services and electronic textbooks in
mobile and distance learning is noted. The importance of building educational
environment is highlighted, where the key element is e-learning resources in
digital form, including structure, subject content and metadata about the course.
For higher educational institutions, the need for methodical support for the
preparation of educational content on the basis of distance education platforms is
determined. The experience of using the free distance education platform Moodle
within the framework of the higher educational institution Donbass State
Engineering Academy is considered. Methodical aspects of training content
preparation on the basis of distance education platforms on the example of
MoodleDDMA system are given. The General structure of the distance course
and an example of evaluation of test tasks of the distance course (module) on
topics are considered. An example of the presentation of the course on the basis
of distance education platform MoodleDDMA is given. Conclusions about the
experience of using the Moodle distance education system at the Donbass State
Engineering Academy from the point of view of teachers and students are drawn.
The perspective directions of researches and development of the Moodle distance
education platform in completion and expansion of educational materials by
multimedia elements and links, and also creation of the application for mobile
devices for possibility of more effective use of the platform are allocated.
Keywords: educational content, electronic textbook, distance education,
distance education platform, mobile learning, Moodle.
___________________
Copyright © 2020 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
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1 Introduction
Distance education as a form of education is now quite widespread in the training
system. The introduction of distance learning in the educational process allows you to
solve a number of problems facing higher education institutions. The priority among
them can be attributed:
ensuring equal access of young people to a full quality education in accordance with
their interests and inclinations, regardless of the material wealth of the family, place
of residence, nationality and health status;
ensuring the flexibility of the education system, expressed in its organization, taking
into account the individual schedule of classes of the student;
ensuring the possibility of obtaining “lifelong education”;
elimination of problems of regional higher education institutions consisting in
supply of regions with qualified engineering personnel according to the changing
strategy of development of the region.
That is why the use of technologies and means of distance learning in the educational
process of higher educational institutions is reflected in the works of a large number of
researchers.
2 Review
Active use of cloud data storage in distance education is becoming more and more
common and even necessary. The use of cloud services and electronic textbooks in
mobile and distance learning has been reflected in the works of many scientists. So, in
[15] the directions of educational researches of cloud systems of training are studied.
In [7] V. Ivashova, V. Goncharov, A. Erokhin, O. Kolosova, M. Migacheva and
V. Berkovsky discuss the general problems of education in a digital society, including
electronic educational environments of educational organizations.
In [4] Isaías González, Antonio José Calderón, João Figueiredo and João M. C.
Sousa are presented an overview of the latest open communication platforms for
various fields, research projects, education. In the analysis, the authors pay special
attention to new paradigms related to the Internet of things, cyber-physical systems,
Industry 4.0 and emphasize the need to take them into account in the work of such open
systems.
In [6] Purwono Hendradi, M. Khanapi and Siti Nurul Mahfuzah Mohamad is
considered the architecture of e-learning system based on cloud computing in
Education 4.0. However, consideration of problems and errors used for virtual training
systems remains not sufficiently open. In addition, there is an important question of the
quality of electronic textbooks and the possibility of access to them from mobile
devices both on the Internet and in specialized applications and distance education
platforms, methodical aspects of the preparation of educational content on the basis of
such platforms.
Continuous improvement of mobile devices and intensive development of cloud
163
technologies and cloud computing has led to the emergence of a new direction of
application of information technologies in education – mobile learning or m-learning,
which is closely related to the concept of distance education. The main technical tools
of such training are mobile Internet devices [12], such as tablet computers,
smartphones, navigators, readers and other devices that provide work with information,
i.e. devices that have IMEI (international identifier of mobile equipment, running on
mobile operating system iOS, Android etc.), supporting work in mobile networks
(preferably 3G and 4G generations) and Wi-Fi technology.
Meeting the above requirements for mobile devices and communication channels
and allows you to implement information and educational environment of mobile
learning based on cloud services. The advantage of such devices is that they always
accompany modern man, have a small size and can be connected to the Internet almost
anywhere in the world. From this perspective, mobile learning can be considered to be
any learning activity that primarily or exclusively uses mobile devices and networking
technologies, but not conventional desktop computers with installed software.
The success of such training for which the main factor is independent work depends
on the development of the information educational environment, where the key element
is e-learning resources in digital form, including structure, subject content, and
metadata about them. Most often, electronic educational resources in mobile and
distance learning are presented in the form of electronic courses, the principles of which
are constantly changing [13]. Currently, there is an intensive tendency to replace closed
courses with open ones, accessible not only to a certain circle of users, but also to all
interested students. For higher educational institutions in such conditions, it is
important to provide methodical support for the preparation of educational content on
the basis of distance education platforms.
3 Discussion and results
There are many applications (most of which are web applications) available under an
open source license for the development of e-courses. They also include platforms for
creating interactive books or textbooks.
Integration of electronic textbooks and cloud services into the learning management
system is one of the most important tasks in higher education institutions. Building a
virtual learning system based on cloud services allows you to use new methods of
managing educational content and organizing interaction with students. But for its high-
quality use, it is also necessary to prepare high-quality electronic textbooks themselves.
Electronic textbook – (E-book) is a software and methodical training complex
corresponding to the standard curriculum and providing the opportunity for the student
to master the training course or its section independently or with the help of a teacher.
This product is created with built-in structure, dictionaries, search`s capability. An
electronic textbook is an information product of an educational nature, unlike a “paper”
textbook in that it can be viewed only with the help of a computer. It can be designed
for self-study of educational material in a particular discipline or to support a lecture
course for its in-depth study.
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E-books come in several types:
1. Full or partial copies of paper editions. As a rule, these copies are distributed not
quite legally, because the authors of the publication wanted to sell a paper book, and
did not plan to engage in charity. It is even difficult to imagine a person scanning a
textbook on 800 sheets and placing it on the network for free, but there are such.
Scanned textbooks, magazines and other literature can be found electronically on the
Internet.
2. Free e-books and magazines. Most often, authors release them to create viral traffic.
The essence of viral traffic is as follows: users download e-books, which have links
to the author's website and advertising of the author. If users like the book, they give
links to the book on forums, blogs, on their websites, and thus contribute to the
distribution of the book. Thus, it turns out some flow of visitors to the author's
website and response to advertising in the book. Examples of books for creating viral
traffic can be downloaded from the link at the bottom of the article. This is usually
a small volume of the book, though there are large. If you take the sellers of
electronic books and manuals, they either make translations of books by foreign
authors, or make collections of articles.
3. Paid e-books. Authors write them for the purpose of the subsequent sale. These are
various manuals and guides, often in one way or another related to earnings. In terms
of volume, books often fall short of paper editions, but can be much more
informative [5].
E-books allow you to save time and get up-to-date information. In e-books, you can
find more concentrated and useful information, in this case, the price will be justified.
It would seem that the cost of an e-book may exceed the cost of paper books, but the
paper counterpart you can simply not find, or find, but not quite what you need. E-
books can be an important source of information. E-book has a number of fundamental
differences from the textbook made by the typographic method: the possibility of
multimedia; providing virtual reality; a high degree of interactivity; the possibility of
an individual approach to the student. The introduction of multimedia elements into the
structure of the electronic textbook allows simultaneous transmission of various types
of information. This usually means a combination of text, sound, graphics, animation,
and video. Many processes and objects in the electronic textbook can be represented in
the dynamics of their development, as well as in the form of 2D or 3D models, which
causes the user the illusion of reality of the objects depicted [9]. Interactivity allows
you to establish feedback from the user of information (student) to its source (teacher).
For interactive interaction is characterized by immediate response and visually
confirmed reaction to the action, message [1].
Electronic textbook has certain advantages over traditional types of textbooks:
1. The study of the material may not be related to the time frame (schedule of classroom
classes).
2. It can develop skills of independent work by students.
3. The structure of the textbook helps to establish control over the study of certain
blocks of topics.
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4. Electronic textbooks may have additional features compared to the paper version.
One such possibility is the use of links to access the Internet. The teacher connects
the PC to the network and can comment on certain Internet sites with literature.
Currently, the Internet is replete with offers of many electronic textbooks for
universities. The teacher, before applying a particular textbook in the educational
process, must understand the program of the subject and the textbook itself.
Electronic textbooks (ET) of the new generation should be focused on new teaching
methods, especially distance learning, active knowledge of the world of students,
increasing the role of independent work of students with information, filling the
shortage of laboratory equipment in some universities. They should provide methodical
support for the learning process, using the full range of multimedia capabilities of the
ET to create new tools and forms of learning. The electronic textbook should meet the
tasks of forming a new content of education and new models of educational activity
using information and telecommunication technologies, models of formation and
application of information and communication competence of students in educational
activities, taking into account the variability and individualization of education.
The next generation of ET should include (as minimum) the following systems:
the nucleus (the control module) course;
illustrated educational and reference complex;
complex of virtual laboratories and interactive models;
testing complex integrated with the task database;
search complex;
help system;
methodical support system;
search system for similar information on the Internet.
The principles of mobile and distance learning using cloud services and electronic
textbooks are increasingly being implemented in the practice of higher education by
students. Thus, in the Donbass State Engineering Academy of the Ministry of Education
and Science of Ukraine (DSEA, Kramatorsk), students have the opportunity to use the
distance education platform Moodle (http://moodle.dgma.donetsk.ua/) have access to
electronic textbooks and other teaching materials on the Internet, including on mobile
devices. The choice of the Moodle system is justified by the fact that Moodle is open
source software (under the GNU Public License). This means that Moodle is protected
by copyright law, but users have ample opportunities to use it. Moodle can be installed
on any computer on which a Web server that supports PHP is installed, as well as a
SQL-type database (for example, MySQL). It can be started on Windows and Mac
operating systems and many versions of Linux (such as Red Hat or Debian) [13].
Moodle has a large number of partners who works with Moodle and can help in working
with it. Main features of Moodle: the system implements the philosophy of “Pedagogy
of social constructionism” (cooperation, action, critical thinking, etc.); 100% suitable
for the organization of online classes, as well as suitable for the organization of
traditional learning; distance learning system Moodle is: simple, easy, effective,
compatible with various products, making low requirements to the browser; the system
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is easily installed on most platforms that support PHP; the system requires only one
database; the list of courses hosted in the Moodle distance learning system contains a
description for each course; distance courses can be categorized; searchable by distance
courses; special attention is paid to the high level of security of the system; most pages
can be edited with the built-in editor [2; 3; 11; 14; 17].
The main advantage of Moodle distance learning system is the possibility of its free
using. At the same time, the functionality of the distance learning system in the Moodle
system is not inferior to commercial analogues. Another important advantage of the
distance learning system Moodle is that it is distributed in open source, which allows
you to adapt it to the specifics of the tasks that must be solved with its help. Distance
learning tools built into the Moodle distance learning system reduce the cost of
developing educational content and solve compatibility problems of distance learning
courses [11; 15].
Methodical aspects of the preparation of educational content on the basis of the
Moodle platform involve the development of specialized distance learning courses by
higher education institutions. In the Donbass State Engineering Academy, appropriate
plans for such courses are developed and approved at the departments. The structure
and content of the distance course must meet the requirements that are put forward by
the decision of the specialized Methodical Council of the Academy. Thus, the distance
learning course should be considered as an information product developed on the basis
of Internet technologies (Moodle platform), which provides presentation of the content
of training, organization of interaction of participants of the educational process,
support for management and monitoring of independent educational activities of
students. For technical and methodical reasons, optimal the block-modular structure of
distance learning software is considered. The Moodle platform is designed as a set of
modules and allows you freely to add or remove elements at different levels, and
therefore fully complies with the specified requirements.
Taking into account the above the general structure of the distance course is as
follows (Table 1).
Table 1. The general structure of the distance course
Discipline forum (created automatically by the Moodle system)
Educational and Methodical Complex of Discipline
Goals and objectives of the discipline
Мodule 1 Мodule N
Тheme 1.1 Тheme N.1
Question 1.1.1, Question 1.1.2 Question N.1.1, Question N.1.2
*** Question 1.1.m *** Question N.1.m
Conclusions on the theme Conclusions on the theme
Question for self-control Question for self-control
Теst (training) exercises for theme 1.1 Теst (training) exercises for theme N.1
Literature for theme 1.1 Literature for theme N.1
Тheme 1.2 *** Тheme 1.k Theme N.2 *** Theme N.k
Final control on the theme Final control on the theme
Glossary
The formation of web-pages with lecture material within the information and
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reference block is proposed to be implemented with the help of an internal text editor
of the Moodle system. The display of mathematical formulas and chemical reactions in
the course topics is provided by the using of add-ons – Math & Science by WIRIS and
Chemistry editor. The functionality of the add-ons almost completely corresponds to
the capabilities of the formula editor Microsoft Equation 3.0.
An additional possibility of transformation of complex mathematical formulas
created in the Microsoft Word editor into a format compatible with the Moodle system
is provided by the Math Type 6.9 program. The formation of drawings and graphic
illustrations is recommended to implement through the program Lightshot 5.1.4.1 for
Windows (open-source). The link to these programs is presented on the main page of
the MoodleDDMA platform.
A prerequisite for the effective functioning of the control and evaluation unit of the
distance course is the presence and sufficient filling of the “Bank of questions”. “Bank
of questions” provides integration of tests as control elements in separate subjects of a
course or formation of final (training) testing. The formation of the “Bank of questions”
is possible directly in the Moodle environment, or by importing tests prepared in an
external program “Izido-Converter”. Each course topic is expected to end with 20
practice tests. The sample of the assessment of test problems for the course (module)
from 10 topics is given in Table 2.
Table 2. Assessment of test tasks of a distance course (module) on 10 topics
Course component Points Explanations
Training part of the 200*0,1= Passing the training part is possible at any
course 20 points time during the study of the course (module)
10 themes * and is not required. (At the same time, only
20 tеsts = training testing allows the student to get
200 tests acquainted with the tests and the correct
answers to them).
The student has several attempts (from 3
to 5) to provide the correct answer to the tests.
After exhausting the attempts, the student is
credited with the points actually received and
the Moodle system provides a bug report and
correct answers.
The control part of the 20*4= The passage of the control part is possible
course (module) - 20 tests 80 points only at a certain and limited time on the eve
[formed randomly] of a of the examination session.
theoretical and practical The student has one attempt to provide the
orientation (including in the correct answer to the tests. After passing the
form of an essay that can be control test, the student is credited with the
independently assessed by points actually received and the Moodle
the teacher) system provides a bug report and the correct
answers.
Total 100 points Remote study of the course (module) is
considered credited if the student receives a
minimum of 55 points. In case of insufficient
points, an additional attempt to pass the
control test is provided.
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Thus, it is proposed to use the proposed distance course structure and the principle
of assessment of test items as the basis for the formation of courses in the
MoodleDDMA system. At the same time, when developing distance learning courses,
it is necessary to take into account the requirements of the basic structure of the distance
learning course and the volume of test tasks in the Question Bank.
On the Fig. 1 is shown as an example the structure of course The Methods of
Mathematical Processing of Medical Biological Data System of MoodleDDMA.
Example of placement of the course program of the discipline The Methods of
Mathematical Processing of Medical Biological Data system MoodleDDMA is
presented on the Fig. 2.
Fig. 1. The typical structure of learning courses as an example of discipline The Methods of
Mathematical Processing of Medical Biological Data of distance education platform
MoodleDDMA
The advantages of the Moodle distance learning system include ease of installation, as
well as updates when switching to new versions.
Learning with using of the Moodle platform allows:
to organize productive independent work of the student on mastering of an
educational discipline;
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to contribute to the formation of professional competencies, mobility, ability to seek
and acquire new knowledge;
to give a new quality to learning, providing constant access to information at any
time;
to promote flexible learning based on new opportunities (cloud services, e-books,
video conferencing and video lectures);
to provide effective feedback.
Fig. 2. The example of placement of the course program of the discipline The Methods of
Mathematical Processing of Medical Biological Data System MoodleDDMA
The use of the educational platform Moodle in teaching students contributes to the
implementation of the principles of consciousness and activity in learning, the
development of self-consciousness. At the same time, consciousness in mastering the
material by students largely depends on the activities of the teacher, who needs to
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constantly monitor the attention of students in the learning process, stimulate it with the
formulation of problem situations. The advantage of such training is the emergence of
opportunities for students to perform training tasks in any convenient place and in their
spare time. In addition, the use of modern computer technology in the learning process
allows you to get skills that will be useful in work and everyday life.
The experience of using such courses in the correspondence Department with
distance learning allows us to conclude that in addition to the progress of the course
program, the student has the opportunity to access the material that is given for
independent study. The system also provides the ability to test their knowledge by
testing, which makes more effective using of electronic learning materials.
A typical disadvantage of distance education systems is the lack of contact with the
physical object of the educational process. MoodleDDMA is no exception. This
problem can be eliminated by providing an interface between the system and the
physical object using specialized application packages, however, as a rule, they are paid
[8; 10]. In addition, augmented reality technologies are not currently presented in the
MoodleDDMA system. Such technologies can be provided using development
platforms for creating multi-platform 2D and 3D interactive content such as Unity3D
[8; 10; 18].
On the other hand, not all students are comfortable working with digital sources
presented in the MoodleDDMA system. For this reason, many students print materials
and work with printed versions of courses downloaded in the MoodleDDMA system.
In addition, there are a number of conflicting opinions about the use of digital material
for teaching, in particular the Manfred Spitzer study [16].
However, the predominance of the advantages of using the MoodleDDMA distance
learning platform and the ability to eliminate the indicated system shortcomings allow
us to conclude that the use of such systems is effective for organizing the educational
process in modern higher education.
4 Conclusions
Thus, to improve the quality of distance learning, the use of cloud services and
electronic textbooks in mobile learning is promising and effective for students, such as:
facilitates the understanding of the study material due to other than in the printed
educational literature, methods of presentation of the material;
allows adaptation according to the needs of the student, his level of training,
intellectual abilities and ambitions;
allows you to focus on the essence of the subject, consider more examples and solve
more problems;
provides a wide range of opportunities for self-examination at all stages of the study
of educational literature;
plays the role of an infinitely patient mentor, providing almost unlimited number of
explanations, repetitions, hints.
The electronic manual will allow the student in the process of using cloud services and
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electronic textbooks in mobile and distance learning to gain strong and comprehensive
knowledge and skills in the subjects.
In turn the use of cloud services and electronic textbooks in mobile and distance
learning by teachers shows the effectiveness and usefulness as follows:
allows the teacher to conduct classes in the form of independent work on various
mobile devices, reserving the role of leader and consultant;
allows the teacher to use mobile devices to effectively monitor the knowledge of
students, set the content and level of complexity of the control event;
allows to make lectures and practical classes material at its discretion, perhaps
smaller in volume, but the most significant in content, leaving for independent work
with the electronic manual that was outside the classroom;
frees from the tedious checking of homework, typical calculations and control
works, transferring the effectiveness with the help of mobile devices by testing;
allows to optimize the ratio of the number and content of examples and tasks
considered in the audience and asked at home;
allows you to individualize work with students, especially in terms of homework and
control activities.
The experience of using the Moodle distance education system at the Donbass State
Engineering Academy allows us to conclude that the new generation of electronic
textbooks should be focused on new methods of teaching, active knowledge of the
world, increase the role of independent work of students with information. They should
provide methodical support for the educational process, using a full set of multimedia
capabilities to create new tools and forms of learning and should comply with the
following rules:
information on the chosen subject or course should be well structured, and
represented complete fragments of the course with a limited number of new
concepts;
key topics with hypertext, illustrations, audio and video comments should
correspond to the structural elements of the training course;
the main parts of the textbook along with the text should contain video and audio
recordings containing material on the topic under study;
the text information should be able to print out the required text fragments. It should
be possible to adapt the font used to the user's needs;
a system containing complex models must contain instantaneous hints that appear
and disappear in sync with the movement of the cursor to the individual elements of
the program, in addition to the ability to increase the individual elements of
illustrations and copying;
a multi-window interface should be used, with each window presenting related
information;
the text part should be built on the basis of cross-references, allowing to reduce the
search time of the necessary information, as well as a powerful search center and
index;
it is useful to connect audio signals to indicate the correct navigation of the electronic
172
textbook;
the entire course should contain the ability to copy the selected information, as well
as its editing and printing on the printer;
electronic textbook should have fundamentally new qualities compared to a
traditional textbook.
Thus, the use of cloud services and electronic textbooks in mobile and distance learning
is a modern and effective means of obtaining higher education. Training using the
Moodle platform and the proposed methodical aspects of the preparation of educational
content allows you to organize a productive independent work of the student to master
the discipline, contributes to the formation of professional competence, mobility, the
ability to seek and acquire new knowledge, gives a new quality of learning with
constant access to information at any time, and also contributes to the formation of
flexible learning based on new opportunities (cloud services, electronic textbooks,
video conferencing and video lectures) and allows you to provide effective feedback of
the teacher and the student.
Typical shortcomings of distance learning platforms, including the lack of contact
with the physical object of the educational process, the temporary lack of presentation
of augmented reality technologies in some systems, the presence of conflicting opinions
on the use of digital material for learning, do not reduce the relevance and effectiveness
of their use for organizing the educational process in modern higher education.
A promising area of research and development of the MoodleDDMA distance
education platform is the refinement and expansion of educational materials with
multimedia elements and links, as well as the creation of an application for mobile
devices to enable more efficient use of the platform.
Disclaimer
The Erasmus+ BIOART project is co-funded by the European Commission. This
publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission is not
responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
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