=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-2647/paper2
|storemode=property
|title=E-Commerce and E-Health Strategies and Implementation Activities in the United Kingdom: Review Study
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2647/paper2.pdf
|volume=Vol-2647
|authors=Solomiia Fedushko,Liubov Shevchuk,Anastasiia Poritska,Ruslan Kravets,Oksana Tymovchak-Maksymets
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/irehi/FedushkoSPKT19
}}
==E-Commerce and E-Health Strategies and Implementation Activities in the United Kingdom: Review Study==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2647/paper2.pdf
E-Commerce and E-Health Strategies and
Implementation Activities in the United Kingdom:
Review Study
Solomiia Fedushko1[0000-0001-7548-5856], Liubov Shevchuk 2 [0000-0001-8057-6357],
Anastasiia Poritska1, Ruslan Kravets1 [0000-0003-2837-9190] ,
Oksana Tymovchak-Maksymets1[0000-0002-6044-3407]
1
Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
2
Lviv University of Business and Law, Lviv, Ukraine
solomiia.s.fedushko@lpnu.ua, ltshevchuk@ua.fm,
ahorychka@gmail.com
Abstract. This study deals with the review of e-commerce and e-health. The
investigation of e-commerce and e-health in the United Kingdom is proposed.
The related works of e-commerce and e-health sectors is analysed. The world
market for e-commerce is studied.
Keywords: E-health, E-Commerce, Digital Health, United Kingdom, Business.
1 Introduction
E-commerce is the field of digital economy that includes all financial and trade
transactions that are conducted through computer networks, and business processes
related to these transactions. Initially, e-commerce relied on non-Internet communica-
tions and was characterized by the use of various stand-alone standards and protocols.
The development of the Internet has led to a significant reduction in the cost of using
e-commerce due to low cost of information exchange. It also stimulated the further
development of e-commerce, among which today there are the following levels of its
purpose: B2B - Business-to-Business is the whole electronic commerce of companies,
B2C - Business-to-Customer is trade by private and private audiences or by business
people and etc. In many cases, e-commerce reduces the resale of the product from
producer to consumer. This is possible through the use of Internet technologies that
enable effective direct interaction with the end user, so companies can play the role
traditionally played by intermediate suppliers. It also allows you to accumulate infor-
mation about all sales and all customers, which in turn allows you to perform a thor-
ough business analysis and marketing research. This is a great competitive advantage.
The biggest advantage of e-commerce in United Kingdom is a significant reduction in
the cost of the transaction and its subsequent maintenance. Therefore, business pro-
cesses that can be transferred to an electronic basis have the potential to reduce costs,
Copyright © 2020 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons Li-
cense Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). IREHI-2019: International Conference on
rural and elderly health Informatics, Dakar, Sénégal, December 04-06, 2019
which in turn reduces the cost of goods or services. The most famous example of e-
commerce is an online store, which is a web resource with products catalog and the
ability to order and buy products that likes buyer. More and more companies around
the world are implementing e-commerce results in business. E-commerce includes
electronic information exchange E-Banking, E-Cash, Electronic Funds Transfer, E-
Trade, Electronis Data Interchange, E-Insurance, E-Marketing, E-health, etc. E-health
is an important component of modern e-society and significant sections of e-
commerce.
2 Related works
Researchers and specialists in the field of e-commerce pay a lot of attention to the
study of this issue. An analysis of existing research papers on the implementation of
e-commerce in the United Kingdom, which is presented in the table.
Table 1. Analysis of scientic works in e-commerce
Also the detailed analysis of works in one of the main sectors of e-commerce – e-
health in the world and the UK in particular, is conducted.
Table 2. Analysis of scientic works e-health fields
The scientist Gasser U. et al. [26] proposed the sunburst diagram (Figure1) that
shows 6 principles raise ethical and legal issues when considered in relation to digital
public health technologies against COVID-19. As presented in the circles at the cen-
tre, these principles apply equally to symptom checkers, flow modelling, quarantine
compliance, and proximity and contact tracing.
Fig. 1. The diagram mapping principles to digital health during COVID-19 technologies [26]
3 The world market for e-commerce
Internet connected 4 of 7 billion people. Global involvement is 52%, the majority
of traffic falls on smartphones. The increase in the involvement of digital technologies
has provoked an increase in investment in the Internet by 17%.
By the end of 2019, total sales of online stores of worldwide are predicted to reach
the mark of $ 2 trillion. The increase compared to the year 2017, will be + 6%.
Almost half of all sales in e-commerce, following the results of 2017 will be in
China (47%). In monetary terms, this is about $ 900 billion. Thus, the country will
occupy the first place in the world in terms of sales in e-commerce, pushing at this
point the United States.
The second largest regional market in e-commerce is North America. This year,
sales in USA and other countries in the region are projected showing growth of +
15.6%. By 2020, the total sales of e-commerce in the world more than doubled, the
COVID-19 pandemy is contributed to this process.
The chart of North America eHealth market from 2012 year to 2022 year, data in
USD Million, is shown in Figure 5.
Fig. 2. The chart of North America eHealth market from 2012 year to 2022 year
In Europe, the share of e-commerce in GDP is quite high, and the highest rate was
recorded in Britain 7.9%, followed by China 5.8% and France 3.59%. Moreover, the
UK has the highest share of buyers who buy goods through electronic channels.
Moreover, 81% of the country's population has access to the Internet, and 98% of
them make online purchases. 81.5% of all online sales in Europe account for only
three countries are the UK, Germany and France. And from year to year on this indi-
cator, they show stable growth.
The center of e-commerce in Europe is the United Kingdom. The volume of online
sales in the field of B2C is three times higher than in the second largest market on the
continent – Germany. The leading platform here is Amazon, which accounts for 54%
of all sales.
The main difficulties in the field of e-commerce, according to foreign sources, are
the lack of security of data transmitted over the Internet, which is reduced to two
threats – computer forgery and fraud and breach of privacy in the ability to clearly
identify who, what, when and from whom he bought. Another fundamentally
important problem is the quality of communications (development of the
communication network, low channel capacity and low data rate).
3.1 Analysis of implamentation of e-commerce in the United Kingdom
The e-commerce market is $ 93.89 billion. 12.1% of purchases come from tablets,
16.5% from smartphones, and 71.4% from desktops. 33% of online sales take place
after 6 p.m. E-commerce accounts for 30% of the country's economy. As for the share
of e-commerce in GDP, the the United Kingdohas the highest rate – 6.1%. Moreover,
the the United Kingdom has the highest share of buyers who buy goods through elec-
tronic channels. 91.6% of the people have access to the Internet. The speed varies
from 40 Mbit/s in cities up to 1 Mbit/s in remote locations. In this regard, the gov-
ernment has committed to provide 90% of households with high-speed broadband by
2020.
Today the most common payment methods in the the United Kingdom are credit
and debit cards. E-wallets are not very well established in the country. With sales of
$157 billion in 2014 (30% of all online sales in the region), the the United Kingdohas
become the largest e-commerce market in Western Europe. 11% of all retail sales of
the highest proportion in the whole of Western Europe are in online shopping
accounts.
The chart of Internet sales as a proportion of products in the United Kingdom,
2016- 2019 [27] is shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 3. The chart of Internet sales as a proportion of products stores in UK, 2016-2019
This statistic [27] shows internet sales as a proportion of products stores in UK,
2016-2019.
4 E-health
E-health (digital health) is an activity with the use of electronic information
resources in the health care sector and ensuring prompt access of medical specialists
and patients. The chart of digital health market [30] is shown in Figure 3.
Fig. 4. The chart of digital health market (2019-2020)
According to compound annual growth rate Global Market Insights report the digital
health market [30] is expected to reach $379B of 26% over 2017-2024.
Fig. 5. The chart of Digital Health Market by 2024 year
The digital health landscape [32] is shown in Figure 1. According digital health
landscape [32] the digital health is an covering field which includes sub-specialties
such as:
─ Blockchain
─ Health IT
─ Virtual and Augmented Reality
─ Sensors and wearables
─ Personal Genomics
─ Telemedicine
─ Big Data
─ E-health
─ Mobile Health
─ Electronic Medical Record / Electronic Health Record
─ Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Fig. 6. The Digital Health Landscape
The popular sector is mobile health (mHealth). Mobile health is a using the health-
related smartphone apps in the medicine and health sectors.
The chart of demand of mobile health in EU is presented in Figure 5.
Fig. 7. The chart of demand of Mobile health in EU
The implementation of mHealth program in e-health has the following types: estab-
lished, pilot or informal phase [13]. In chart mHealth program type by established,
pilot or informal phase the condition of this type is presented.
Fig. 8. Chart of mHealth program type by established, pilot or informal phase [13]
4.1 E-health in the United Kingdom
The aim of the Government of the United Kingdom is to introduce a wide-ranging
program “System of electronic medical records in the United Kingdom by 2020”.
The goal is that each patient's electronic record will contain data about their medi-
cal history of patient, treatment process, and lifestyle. Records should be available to
all medical and social services. The participats can view and comment on a version of
their medical record online. Patients can make appointments and repeat prescriptions
online.
In the United Kingdom, e-health planning is implemented and implemented by the
National Information Council, which develops imports and technologies for the na-
tional health care, i.e. social assistance; Information Center is a non-governmental
organization that manages information, data and health information systems. These
organizations develop national standards for electronic medicinal records, but native
groups have opportunity to choose their own systems. NHS England funds several
schemes, in order to encourage local groups to submit paper records to electronic
databases.
The government supposes that initiatives will be dispersed, combined together and
lead to complete coverage. By 2018, all clinical commission groups have already
presented their plans, explaining introduction in e-health by 2020. The United
Kingdom Health Authority has indicated future technology funds based on these
plans. During the National IT Program (2002-16), the Ministry of Health collaborated
with four vendors: CSC, BT, Accenture, and Fujitsu to provide electronic records.
The NIB claims that the program was too centralized and insensitive to local
circumstances.
Currently, the NHS stores information about patients on various media, ie both in
paper and electronic form. Electronic records are kept by physicians (especially in
radiology and pathology) as well as psychiatric hospitals. There is a great variation in
the type of use of electronic recording systems, ranging from geographical regions to
hospital units.
The advantages of e-medicine are that electronic records can provide primary and
secondary data for patients, doctors. The Royal Academy of Medical Colleges has
stated that the growing demands on health systems can only be met by the same
development and use of electronic medical records. Involving patients in this system
allows the patient to access data in different places, which is the key to ensuring the
relationship between health care and the public.
5 Conclusions
The the experience of implementing e-commerce and e-health in word e-society is
analysed. Condacted review study carries out the analysis of the experience of imple-
mentation of e-commerce and e-health. The investigation of e-commerce and e-health
in the UK is proposed. The analysis of related works of e-commerce and e-health
sectors is condacted. The world market for e-commerce is studied.
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