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<pre>
                                   Foreword∗

    In June 2018, the European Commission has appointed a “AI High Level
Expert Group” (AI-HLEG) to support the implementation of the European
Strategy on Artificial Intelligence. One of the first results of the AI-HLEG has
been to deliver ethics guidelines on Artificial Intelligence.1 These guidelines
put forward a human-centered approach to AI, and list seven key requirements
that human-centered, trustworthy AI systems should meet, summarized by the
following headers:

  1. Human agency and oversight
  2. Technical robustness and safety
  3. Privacy and data governance
  4. Transparency
  5. Diversity, non-discrimination and fairness
  6. Societal and environmental wellbeing
  7. Accountability

    Many of today’s most popular AI methods, however, fail to meet these guide-
lines: making them compliant is a scientific endeavor that is as crucial as it is
challenging and stimulating. As an example, systems based on deep learning
point often provide impressive results, but their ability to explain these results
to the user is limited, thus challenging requirements 4 and 7; we lack general
ways to formally verify their correctness and assess their boundary conditions,
thus challenging requirement 2; and we don’t yet have methods to allow humans
to collaboratively influence or question their decisions, thus challenging require-
ment 1. Similar criticalities are present in many other popular AI methods.
     The question addressed by this workshop is: what are the scientific and tech-
nological gaps that we have to fill in order to make AI systems human-centered
in terms of the above guidelines? To answer this question, this workshop lever-
ages three keynote talks presenting the ethics guidelines and the scientific and
technological approach by two major European projects; the presentation of
fifteen contributed papers; and a joint work based on a brain-walk exercise.
    These proceedings collect the contributed papers. For the outcomes from the
discussions, see the workshop web page http://nehuai2020.aass.oru.se/.

                            Alessandro Saffiotti, Luciano Serafini, Paul Lukowicz
                                                                 Workshop chairs




  ∗ Copyright © 2020 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons

License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
   1 https://ec.europa.eu/futurium/en/ai-alliance-consultation/guidelines

</pre>