=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-2694/paper8
|storemode=property
|title=5G revolution and the Italian use cases
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2694/p8.pdf
|volume=Vol-2694
|authors=Alessandro Vizzarri,Francesco Bove
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/system/VizzarriB20
}}
==5G revolution and the Italian use cases==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2694/p8.pdf
5G revolution and the Italian use cases
Alessandro Vizzarria , Francesco Boveb
a Radiolabs, Consorzio Università Industria
b Independent Consultant, 83059 Vallata, Avellino, Italy
Abstract
The 5G is a breakthrough transformation for fixed and mobile networks. It enables high performances more than the current
networks. For this reason, 5G is one of the next cornerstones of digitalization, from the industries’ competitiveness and
improvement in communication and standards of living point of view. This paper provides a technical analysis of 5G tech-
nology, characterizing it as the technological boost to innovate all communication networks. 5G technology is a research,
innovation and standardization product that interests the entire industrial world and communities. The network is evolving
to manage both broadband connection and very low latency, critical communications. We will assist to an increasing number
of hyper-connected devices. Therefore, the approach chosen to build this infrastructure for Gigabit Society is to create new
industrial partnerships, signing agreements between technology and academic leaders.
Keywords
5G
1. Introduction
In the last years Telecommunications have become mo-
re and more innovative. They led to a very disruptive
technological change in the society. The data transfer
from users has been characterized by a rapid growth
and considerable increase, beyond any prediction. In
fact, in 1995 the GSM reached 10 kbit/s per channel.
Today, with 4G we can reach 100 Mbit/s per chan-
nel [1].
From the managing point of view, the presence of
many digital devices implies powerful and efficient com-
munication networks. They have to enable high ca-
pacity in order to guarantee low latency during the
data transfer, limited energy consumption and stable Figure 1: 5G use cases envisaged by ETSI [2].
connectivity. For this reason, the development of 5G
have to be encouraged. As ETSI (European Telecom-
munications Standards Institute) states [2], "5G should tute. The deployment of 5G system foresees to be de-
deliver significantly increased operational performance, ployed in many different scenarios. They include ul-
offering full mobility and coverage. 5G needs to cater tra dense access points and smart objects belonging to
offering acceptable levels of energy consumption, equip- the Internet of Things ecosystem [3]. Moreover, the
ment cost and network deployment, and operation cost. 5G system is able to integrate different radio access
It needs to support a wide variety of applications and technologies, including the satellite components [4, 5].
services". From the architecture point of view, the first One of the key elements of 5G system is the Network
release of 5G is similar to 4G. It is composed of ra- Virtualization Function (NVF) feature. Authors in [6]
dio access network and network core, Evolved Packet presented an overview of some 5G initiatives to ex-
Core and Internet Multimedia System [2]. In Figure 1 ploit NFV approach. It can facilitate the 5G diffusion
it is reported the use cases defined by the ETSI insti- and its integration with terrestrial and satellite system.
From a market point of view, the integration of sev-
SYSTEM 2020: Symposium for Young Scientists in Technology, eral communication technologies enabled by the 5G
Engineering and Mathematics, Online, May 20 2020 system brings to new business opportunities in the en-
" alessandro.vizzarri@radiolabs.it (A. Vizzarri); bove9@hotmail.it tire Information and Communication (ICT) sector. The
(F. Bove)
supplier companies in communication services, com-
© 2020 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative
Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
munications services, cloud and software can benefit
CEUR
Workshop
Proceedings
http://ceur-ws.org
ISSN 1613-0073 CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)
hardware involved in 5G systems. The IoT nodes need
to optimize data processing in order to reduce energy
consumption and extend battery life. For this reason,
5G will impact also on microprocessors’ design. As
known in the literature, specific or re-configurable hard-
ware accelerators represent a good solution to speed-
up data processing and in some cases also to reduce the
power consumption as shown for example in [8, 9, 10].
In fact, Qualcomm pushes on the introduction of
new smartphones supporting Android operating sys-
tem and each equipped by 2 chipsets. The new SoC is
characterized by a powerful processor and the Snap-
dragon X55 modem. It allows to manage 2 platforms,
Figure 2: Qualcomm Snapdragon 855. one for the 4G and the other for the 5G. Moreover, it
updates the different components. In a specific article
by Digital Day, the main processor’s features are de-
from 5G system deployment. On the other side, in gen- scribed: "The block diagram shows how the processor is
eral they can increase the growth of telecommunica- divided: the CPU now occupies a relatively small portion,
tion sector in terms of efficiency, business and user ex- comparing it to the three true processors that handle all
perience. In fact, by the end of 2025, the 5G is expected the usual operations: the DSP hexagon 698 designed to
to reach 2.6 billion subscriptions and then to cover up speed up machine learning calculations, the GPU Adreno
to 65% of the world’s population. It means that 5G will 650 and the Image signal Processor Spectra 480. Together
be able to generate the 45% of total mobile data traffic with the sensing Hub, that is to say with the “safe zone”,
worldwide. Thus makes faster the adoption of 5G on which stores sensitive data in temporary memory, and
a global scale [7]. with the module that handles sensor data, these proces-
The paper is organized as follow. In Section 2 the hard- sors make up what is today the most advanced SoC in
ware enabling the 5G is described. In Section 3 the the world".
5G experimentation carried in Italy is presented. The Considering the extremely high number of applica-
Section 4 provides a brief list of main communication tions supported by the 5G, Embedded microprocessors
vendor companies pf 5G equipment. The Section 5 the shall be able to perform several operations as for ex-
impact of 5G technology in the connected vehicles is ample speech quality enhancement [11] and machine
analyzed. The Section 6 summarizes the main conclu- learning
sions. In particular for what concerns Machine Learning,
In the last few years, we assisted in its incredible grow-
ing up [12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23].
2. Hardware This has been possible for three main reasons
The general standardisation process of a radio mobile 1. The big availability of data introduced by the in-
technology foresees different steps. ternet
One of the most important regards the assessment 2. The increase of computational power of digital
of radio interface technologies, proposed by indepen- circuits that allowed the possibility to efficiently
dent evaluation groups. Qualcomm, an American re- implement neural networks and more in general
search and development company in the wireless tele- ML systems [24, 25].
communications field founded in 1985, in the first half 3. The introduction of new Machine Learning mod-
of 2018 proposed several 5G trials with some Amer- els that allows emulating the brain-behavior in
ican operators, AT&T and Verizon. The Qualcomm a very efficient way [26, 27].
President, Cristiano Amon, announced the availabil-
ity of Snapdragon 855 (the dedicated 5G chipset for A new processor, dedicated to machine learning and
high-end smartphones) in the first half of 2019. The to models’ acceleration, is called Hexagon 689. The
products with Snapdragon 855 are able to connect to NPU analog component from Huawei is a module that
the 5G network (see fig. 2). gets to 15 trillion operations per second. It reached
The new applications supported by the 5G require with an efficiency that is 35% higher than that of the
high level of computation capabilities supported by the Snapdragon 855 Hexagon.
53
The Hexagon, however, works in a different way
compared to NPU. Thus because it can ask for help
from GPU or CPU based on the different kind of neu-
ral network or model that it has to handle. The new
CPU is 25% faster and more efficient than the previ-
ous one. it consists of 8 cores divided into 3 clusters.
One of them from a single core Cortex a77 at 2.85 GHz
and with a 512 KB second level cache. The other three
which work at 2.4 GHz. All the cores have a 256 KB
cache. The remaining 4 cores are deputed for back-
ground tasks and for applications that do not require
an intensive use of CPU work at 1.8 GHz, Cortex A55
4. Each of them have a 128KB cache.
Each core shares a 4 MB cache. The self-organizing
networks (SON) should take to fewer drops of signal,
higher data speed and lower costs for operators, adapt-
ing dynamically to different environments. Regression
techniques are evaluated. In fact estimating route loss
has been analyzed by researchers when they adopted
the machine learning techniques in order to obtain mo-
re efficient and accurate route loss models. It has been
demonstrated that the machine learning use provides
adaptability to network designers that rely on signal
propagation models.
Different vendor companies launched new devices
compatible with the 5G. Among the first ones, Oppo
Reno 5G, talked about Snapdragon X50, joined by SoC Figure 3: 5G antenna installed in Turin by Tim/Ericsson
Qualcomm. The chipset characteristics are the same
of the previous version. A second device has been
launched by Samsung, the Galaxy S10 5G. It represents City Control Room. It enables several important appli-
a special variant, with a design similar to the other cations supported by 5G, as smart traffic, smart park-
models except for the 5G support sided by modem SoC ing and smart lighting. A download datarate of 20
Exynos 9820. A bigger display comes thanks to a Dy- GBbps was reached. The value is 20 times faster than
namic Amoled panel of 6,7”. The real revolution comes the 4G. According to Tim CEO’s expectations, the 5G
with Nokia. It started with 5G network adopting a ded- network is going to involve more and more users over
icated device, a mid-rage smartphone. The new Nokia the years, changing radically the habits, perspectives
8.2 5G, in addiction to a reduced price, is equipped by and potential. One of the most promising aspect is rep-
a waterfall display, a selfie retractable camera and a resented by virtual reality. It allows to live senses and
Snapdragon 735 5G processor. emotions from hundreds of kilometers away. Not only
calls and safe navigation, fast and stable, but also the
best use of artistic and cultural heritage, through de-
3. Experimentation in Italy signed applications and created for valorize stripes of
territory unknown by tourists, improvement of the ed-
In Italy several experimentations have been carried in
ucation condition, healthcare more connected with the
the last years. In particular, TIM and Ericsson devel-
possibility to do also small remote surgeries.
oped a 5G antenna with millimeter waves (mmW) and
The project, in the south of Italy between Bari and
performed several preliminary test in Turin (see fig. 3).
Matera, is branded Tim, Fastweb and Huawei, with 52
In 2017 the Italian Ministry of Economic Develop-
partners involved.
ment (MISE) launched the first 5G experimentation to
With the first experiments, in 2018, the 75% of net-
be held in 5 italian cities and in collaboration with the
work coverage of cities has been reached. The high ra-
operators (TIM, Vodafone, Wind Tre) and vendors (Er-
dio performances have been reached through the use
icsson, Nokia, Huawei and ZTE).
of “Massive MIMO” antenna, characterized by active
In Turin, the project sees the realization of a Smart
54
project is experimented in some cities in Tuscany. The
project aim is to digitalize the harbour operations and
to make them more efficient and sustainable using the
5G network.
4. Vendors in the world
In 2019 Nokia became the leader 5G vendor in North
Figure 4: 5G antenna installed in Turin by Tim/Ericsson
America. As confirmed by Nokia Bells Labs President,
Marcus Weldon: "It is to allow new geographical areas
to experiment for the first time the possibilities of the
elements that enable the coordinated use of an inde- 5G, to push on the technology and redefine the lim-
pendent number of radiant elements. the resulting ef- its and to offer excellent performances reaching new
fect allows to increase antenna directivity and to dy- records in the field, highlighting the first transmission
namically orient the transmission of the radio signal data end-to-end on a commercial network 5G New Ra-
in the direction of the various customers. In this way, dio 3GPP. Nokia has managed to reach 23 records re-
everyone could use the best performance that the an- lated to 5G in multiple technological areas”.
tenna is able to offer thanks to techniques for spatial The inventors of patents, launched by Nokia, work
distribution of radio resources. Vodafone carried out at Near Bell Labs in Aalborg, in Denmark: “In Nokia
the 5G experimentation in Milan, in collaboration with it has been long understood the importance of open
Nokia. They defined 41 Use Cases and 28 partners. standardization, aimed at enabling others to create, ba-
At the end of 2019, the network coverage has reached sed on our innovation, new products for people around
100% of the Lombard metropolitan area. With a total the world. Through licensing, other sectors and ac-
of 90 Million euros for total investment, several impor- tivities can benefit from Nokia’s innovation, while we
tant applications were tested, as healthcare and well- seek to develop an even more connected world”, said
ness, security and surveillance, mobility and transports, Jenni Lukander, Nokia Technologies President. Nokia
manufacture and industry 4.0. The healthcare sector is the only end-to-end products supplier, that covers all
can benefit a lot from 5G. Thanks to a broadband con- 5G network elements. Nokia 5G products were con-
nection and high speed data rates offered by 5G, it tracted by all US national operators, all South Korea
can be possible to guarantee high reliability for new operators and all the three Japanese national opera-
ambulance intervention protocols avoiding delays and tors. That is to say two-thirds of the global business of
the repetition of examinations. The real time manage- access networks in a typical year.
ment of critical situations during transport can also be China is the most powerful mobile market with 1
enable, together with the remote consultation. The Billion connections from smartphones reached at the
possibility to exchange the traffic information com- end of 2018. 5G will represent a real turning point: it
ing from widespread sensors deployed along the road is the reference point for Asian Countries of this new
infrastructure and vehicles can both enable the smart technology in the world. China worked on 5G in col-
mobility and enrich the driving assistance system. Fast- laboration with his three national operators. In July,
web and Ericsson carried out the 5G experimentation despite the USA persistence, Huawei has claimed to
in Rome in order to create a digital laboratory useful have signed 91 more commercial agreements for 5G
for the touristic sector. They developed new applica- network supply all over the world, of which at least
tions in the urban mobility and security, in terms of 28 of them being in Europe. While the USA accuse
innovative high-definition surveillance solutions. The Huawei of telecommunications espionage, the Chinese
development for a new experimentation has been taken giant signed the agreement for the 5G network’s de-
in agreement from Fastweb and Samsung for 5G Fixed velopment in Russia. The agreement has been signed
Wireless Access Network (FWA) on commercial fre- close to a meeting between the Russian leader Vladimir
quencies, always on the Italian territory. Putin and the Chinese leader, Xi Jinping.
This project shows that the 5G FWA networks are
able to replace the FTTH network (filbert-to-the-home)
to realize Gbps-based connections. In this way, the
5G FWA technical and commercial feasibility on mil-
limetre bands has been proved. The European Corealis
55
Nokia Huawei Tim Ericsson Qualcomm Vodafone Fastweb
Virtual reality x x x
FWA x x x
e-health x x x x x x x
Sensors networks x x
Smart city x
Connected automotive x x x x x x
Cloud robotics x x x
Cloud virtual e augmented reality x
Smart manufacturing x x x x
Connected drones x x
Table 1
Use case made by major vendors
information by creating a distributed cooperative en-
vironment that is considered the main activator of ser-
vices.
The latest network technologies have created M2M
(machine to machine) communications based on the
three-level architecture. TIM has carried out experi-
ments in the field of Smart Mobility, through a set of
use cases. The goal is to provide a service with con-
nected cars.
The use case experimentation focuses on two issues:
Figure 5: Evolution of the mobility Service with connected the dangerous events between connected cars and the
vehicles [29]. autonomous parking service. The reporting of dan-
gerous events is part of the use of assisted driving. In
this context, the notifications relating are potentially
5. Connected Automotive dangerous situations to be transmitted over the net-
work. It is essential to assure very low latency for
Transport systems are evolving towards the "Smart Mo- the data transmissions. It should be reached exploiting
bility" thanks to the evolution of wireless networks the characteristics of the Multi-Access Edge Comput-
and to advances in connected devices. Authors in [28] ing (MEC). It allows applications to run on the access
analyse possible 5G deployment and costs to support nodes of the mobile network. The parking service is
the transport system evolution. In Figure 5 shows the part of autonomous driving. It allows to create driving
evolution expected to provide the Mobility Service start- scenarios without direct intervention by a driver on
ing from the connected vehicles and passing through the vehicle. In the case of Valent Parking, a remote op-
the Autonomous Driving Vehicles [29]. erator moves the vehicle thanks to the real-time video
streaming that gives information about surrounding
TIM, connected vehicles experimentation environment. Finally, the system forwards a notifica-
A powerful management of the people and goods mo- tion to the owner of the successful parking. In Figure
bility needs to assure firstly their safety, secondly, the 6 it is reported a possible subdivision of the function-
reduction of wasted time, money losses, and the envi- alities that can be performed at three main levels:
ronmental impact. It can offer various points of evolu-
tion for the telephone operator’s business. • Cloud level. This is the actual situation. The
Transport systems are evolving towards connected, applications as vehicle telemetry and Intelligent
cooperating and automated mobility paradigms CCAM Transport Systems run on it.
(Connected, Cooperative and Automated Mobility). In
this scenario the vehicle becomes an integral part of • Network level. The system intelligence should
a connected system that includes intelligent road in- be moved On this level. The MEC functionalities
frastructures, distributed sensors, private and public can be deployed in order to reduce the round trip
controls. The network is able to exchange data and time of the request/response of the connected
56
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