=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-2695/xappendix
|storemode=property
|title=None
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2695/xappendix.pdf
|volume=Vol-2695
}}
==None==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2695/xappendix.pdf
Appendix: WHiSe 2020 Diary
Under the circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the greatest
challenges of WHiSe 2020 was to provide a lively and interactive workshop on
an intense, full-day online schedule and, unlike most face-to-face events, with
awareness of timezone differences. The core infrastructure and support was pro-
vided to us by the ESWC conference organization, mainly in the form of a
Web-based system for video streams and chats. This effectively permitted the
bold choice of streaming all presentations live from the presenters’ homes or
workplaces, rather than having them pre-recorded. In addition, and in order
to facilitate the flow and interactions between the audience and the presenters
while still finishing on time, we provided a link to a Web ‘live document’ that
any participant could edit at any time. This document had been pre-filled with
slots for the various workshop sessions and presentations, where the audience
were instructed to write down their questions, suggestions and comments as the
workshop progressed. The resulting interactions could be summarised as a small,
parallel ‘digital’ track of the workshop with its own set of interesting observa-
tions. At the end of each presentation, the session chairs moderated those to
be relayed live to the presenters, who were, however, also asked to follow up on
the others offline. This led to a level of detail that would have been otherwise
unattainable in the limited online setting and timing of the workshop.
As a documented account of the WHiSe response to the pandemic, in what
follows we offer a curated, corrected and cleaned version of the minutes of WHiSe
2020. We hope this will serve as a reference of these interesting discussions, as
well as an inspiration for both authors and readers for future work.
Workshop Log
Introduction / 10:00 – 10:20
Chair: Alessandro Adamou (@anticitizen7x)
Session 1: Linked Data and Libraries / 10:20 – 12:00
Chair : Albert Meroño-Peñuela (@albertmeronyo)
Presentation: Minna Tamper, Petri Leskinen, Jouni Tuominen and Eero Hyvönen.
“Modeling and Publishing Finnish Person Names as a Linked Open Data On-
tology”.
Albert HISCO is a similar effort to AMMO – are these two linked in any way?
2 A. Adamou, E. Daga and A. Meroño-Peñuela (eds.)
Max First, thank you, this was a nice talk and an interesting research effort. My
question/idea: This may be an overkill, but if there is linking to professions,
etc., maybe it can be connected to general dictionaries using, e.g. Ontolex-
lemon instead/in addition to specific ontologies
Alessandro I was thinking the same in relation to the fact that some derivations are
cross-cultural: for example, being related to priests is highly present in
Greek (the prefix papa-)
Max Yes, exactly. It also could be interesting to compare cross-linguistically
Antoine (Only for reference, or if there’s a lot of time for questions - it’s not crucial!)
I’m wondering if the authors have looked at how libraries handle and publish
names, e.g. the Library of Congress Name Authority File (and the MADS
format it uses). I guess this great work is much richer in detail, but maybe
there’s room for interoperability work in the future. On another topic, would
it be possible to use DCAT for describing the dataset itself? This work is
probably worth publishing on some portals that use DCAT.
Minna Thank you for the ideas, we will take a look at MADS and DCAT and
indeed it might be a good idea and addition to describe the dataset.
Antoine Cool. Note that in fact MADS is not used a lot in a SW context, even
though it has an RDF form. Maybe there are things in Bibframe, as an
alternative..
Presentation: Fabian Hoppe, Tabea Tietz, Danilo Dessı̀, Nils Meyer, Mirjam
Sprau, Mehwish Alam and Harald Sack. “The Challenges of German Archival
Document Categorization on Insufficient Labeled Data”.
Albert Curious about how open-ended the annotated categories are, and whether
vocabularies were reused? Also, if you think the performance might be re-
lated to the training of word2vec with German Wikipedia?
Harald The categories have been provided by the archivists with respect to the
available archival data (who organized them in a kind of hierarchical
schema. It seems usual for German archivists, always to create new
schemata depending on the current topic to be processed...). Unfortu-
nately, labels can occur multiple times on different branches of this hier-
archy. For your 2nd question, yes, the German wikipedia trained model
is not the best for the task, since we are dealing with a historical subject
and the language and topics used are 100 years old (and bound to a spe-
cific region in Germany). We plan to make use of historical newspaper
archives for a better suited model.
Enrico This is very interesting! I am curious about how you join text and categories
in the preparation phase for the embeddings. I would assume categories are
somehow more important than the raw text - how did you combine the two,
considering the algorithm wants a sequence of text as input?
Harald We try out different variants to come up with a representation for the
categories ranging from simple category name embedding to aggregations
of embeddings of members of a category as well as taking into account
longer descriptions of the categories. However, experiments with labelled
WHiSe 2020 Diary 3
data on classes with sufficiently available training data show that we can
reach > 75% accuracy.
Coffee Break / 11:10 – 11:40
Presentation: Mattia Egloff, Alessandro Adamou and Davide Picca. “Enabling
Ontology-Based Data Access to Project Gutenberg”
Albert “Undocumented RDFS classes and properties” Really curious about what
those are, and which RDFS features they use? (domains, ranges, etc.) Also,
what?s the contribution in inferred triples by the alignment layer? (assuming
owl:sameAs?)
Rachele Just to point out that unfortunately Gutenberg site has been blocked by
financial police...so sad
Alessandro (info on Italian closure here) the Italian court order contains an allegation
that Gutenberg would be “illegally” profiting from their activity due
to some unspecified ad revenue (which they don?t, unless you consider
donations as such!)
Harald The same holds for Germany (more info on the blocking, cf https:
//cand.pglaf.org/germany/index.html)
Alessandro still accessible from Ireland, are we next? o O
Enrico Accessible from the UK ? but so sad to hear that!
Albert Also accessible from the Netherlands, and indeed sad to hear this!
Presentation: Pejam Hassanzadeh, Eero Hyvönen, Esko Ikkala, Jouni Tuomi-
nen, Suzie Thomas, Anna Wessman and Ville Rohiola. “FindSampo Platform
for Reporting and Studying Archaeological Finds Using Citizen Science”
Enrico Exciting project! I am curious about the policy for publishing people?s con-
tributions and findings. The location of new archeological findings is quite a
sensitive topic as there are countries that have a huge amount of heritage dif-
ficult to maintain or monitor, that can be subject to smuggling (e.g. Mexico,
Italy). Any discussion on that in your project?
Eero Yes, lots of discussion. At the moment the feeling is that exact coordinate
info will be published. It seems that professional archaeologists in Finland
trust in amateurs more than in some other countries where only fuzzified
data is published.
Albert Really cool project. I?m curious on the specific Linked Data features that
were useful to users in the evaluation? E.g. reasoning, entity linking, etc.?
Eero In FindSampo Reporter, not much data linking is visible to the end-users.
More important at the moment is integration of different systems such as GIS
systems with the mobile system, and guiding the user to provide the data
using harmonized terminology. In FindSampo Portal we are now focusing
more on data linking, semantic faceted search, data analysis/visualization,
and recommender systems.
4 A. Adamou, E. Daga and A. Meroño-Peñuela (eds.)
Invited Keynote / 12.30
Chair : Enrico Daga (@enridaga)
Presentation: Antoine Isaac. “Europeana as a Linked Data (Quality) case”
Albert Europeana looks as impressive as usual, really nice :-) One question I had is
if you do any sort of link rot/dereferencing maintenance? I understand you
point items in Europeana to the original data provider’s resources, but what
happens if these change or become unavailable?
Antoine We’re in trouble, so we try to encourage providers to be really careful
about their changes. Note that we had (and are going to have again) a
process that tries to catch some of these issues, by trying to recognize
local identifiers in what is sent to us, and indeed do some de-referencing
based on this. But we already know it won’t catch everything
Albert A different question: sometimes I’ve found close matches to what I was look-
ing for, but not exact ones. Is there a way I can request a specific item to
the data providers?
Antoine I guess you would have to contact them, if it doesn’t exist in what they’ve
sent us. We’re always eager to receive more material that fits user needs
:-)
Albert A third one: On your massive vocabulary reuse, do you think the engineering
of EDM adjusted well to standard ontology engineering practices? Or were
there new/singular practices you had to implement to fit the domain?
Antoine excellent/tricky question, I hope I’m going to answer it right? In fact we
have not followed the regular ”formal” ontology engineering methods.
It was not by pleasure (my first steps in SW were about such method-
ologies!). It’s just that it would have been too hard to follow exactly a
method and write down all the documentation. But in the end a lot of
the best practices we’ve followed (and doc we’ve written) can be related
to what is presented in these methodologies.
Jan Martin Which quality criteria did you use for source selection? And regarding vo-
cabulary sources?
Antoine This was in one of my slides: Availability and access: open license, pub-
lished as linked data Granularity, size and coverage: multilingual data,
with a rather generic scope. But too generic or too large datasets can
create too much ambiguity for the simple processes we have (e.g., enrich-
ment) Quality: intrinsic aspects like correctness of representation Con-
nectivity: good data sources are well-connected internally and externally
to other datasets
Jan Martin How did you measure the “correctness of representation”?
Enrico On a similar angle, how do you deal with different and multiple (or even
conflicting) perspectives on the same object/artwork? E.g. conflicting attri-
bution statements (e.g. I am thinking about WikiData and their notion of
truthy statements ?)
WHiSe 2020 Diary 5
Antoine EDM uses a pattern from the OAI-ORE model whereby information
from different sources is carried by different ”proxies”. We also re-use the
Web Annotation models, which is a bit more intuitive way to represent
annotations (but then it works better for individual data elements, not
parts of graphs). We would have liked to use named graphs, but this
required too advanced SW tools (our technical base is not an RDF quad
store!)
Enrico Interested in the Linked Open Usable Data (LOUD) concept: what parts of
Linked Data do you consider not usable? ... useful?
Antoine Very useful: URIs, links, lightweight data models that can be re-used,
maybe pattern languages like ShEx/SHACL (though we couldn’t use
them yet). Not so useful and in fact often deceiving: OWL axioms and
reasoning.
Break / 13:15 - 14:00
Session 2: Social History / 14.00 - 15.30
Chair : Alessandro Adamou
Presentation: Herminio Garcı́a-González, Elena Albarrán-Fernández, Jose Emilio
Labra Gayo and Miguel Calleja-Puerta. “Converting Asturian Notaries Public
deeds to Linked Data using TEI and ShExML”
Alessandro Does the vocabulary used for diplomatic traits come as a subset of one that
more generally deals with human psychological traits, dispositions etc.?
Alessandro You probably get this a lot, but it may come natural to anyone who is more
familiar with SHACL than with ShEx, to ask what made you choose the
other over the one, and how easy it would be for the constraints of your
model to be ported to SHACL?
Albert Interesting use of schema.org, in CLARIAH we have lots of debate around
schema.org modelling vs other vocabularies. What was important to you in
your choice of schema.org terms?
Albert What do you think you could use as context for person disambiguation?
Enrico Very nice presentation and case study. How does ShExML compare, in terms
of functionalities, with alternative RDF transformation tools such as RML
or SPARQL GENERATE?
Presentation: Joe Raad, Rick Mourits, Auke Rijpma, Ruben Schalk, Richard
Zijdeman and Albert Meroño-Peñuela. “Linking Dutch Civil Certificates”
Enrico That’s an impressive resource! How far did you go in aligning people’s iden-
tities. What are the major challenges in doing that?
6 A. Adamou, E. Daga and A. Meroño-Peñuela (eds.)
Albert For this experiment in the Zeeland province we matched 270k-310k new-
borns in marriage certificates to brides/grooms, and 205k-244k parents
of brides/grooms in marriage certificates to their own marriage certifi-
cate (depending on the Levenshtein distance). Scale is not really an issue
due to our use of HDT and efficient data structures for computing Lev-
enshtein distances. The major challenge is on the variability of person
names, since people used to have many given names that sometimes
changed among certificates.
Enrico Very interesting approach to entity linking, are you considering applying a
similar strategy to other entity linking problems?
Albert Yes, definitely. The source code1 is very generic, and we are working
towards making all parameters dataset-agnostic. The idea is to have a
dataset independent framework for entities in knowledge graphs that
need to be linked using string similarity at large scale.
Enrico What about other entities, e.g. places - are they easily aligned to places of
today or are there challenges in doing such linking?
Albert Interesting answer pointing at AMCO/gemeentegeschiedenis for tempo-
ral placenames, and HISCO for historical occupations
Discussion 1: The Semantic Web in Digital Humanities “Ecosystems”
Chair : Enrico Daga
– How many ecosystems?
• Cultural Heritage, Research & Scholarship, Education, ...?
– The Knowledge Graph: does one-size fit all?
Alessandro Maybe it is not adding a fundamental difference?
Antoine The main difference is probably on the fact that KGs brings a more of
private purpose to the original vision of LD & SW (and heterogeneity)
Albert In the past we envisioned a web of individuals while what is happening
is a web of institutions. What we are seeing is an increasing role of
institutions publishing and connecting knowledge graph
Albert Interesting article on authorities vs non-authorities https://www.
digitisednewspapers.net/2020-04-17-wrong-hierarchies/
Enrico Is the distinction between types of ontologies (top-ontologies, domain
ontologies) still valid? Or what alternative ways of characterising the
modeling practices within the SW are useful, instead?
Antoine For example the notions of data patterns and best practices are very
useful
Albert Maybe encapsulate ‘sets’ of semantic features needed to provide rea-
soning service for specific DH tasks – on ethical AI, whether a KG is
respecting privacy or not, whether a dataset is biased or equally repre-
sents individuals, etc.. So guidelines for implementing these DH tasks
through SW languages
1
https://github.com/CLARIAH/wp4-links
WHiSe 2020 Diary 7
– What is the role of Semantic Web technologies?
• Are there specific aspects of DH research being enabled by SW technol-
ogy?
• What is the role of ontologies in DH ecosystems?
• What is the role of reasoning in DH ecosystems?
• How SW affects interoperability & distribution?
– What role Semantic Web research can have?
– Two extremes: open data / private data ? anything in between?
– Ontologies, Linked Data ... what next?
Coffee Break / 15:30 - 16:00
Session 3: Language / 16.00 - 16.50
Chair : Enrico Daga
Presentation. Rachele Sprugnoli, Francesco Mambrini, Giovanni Moretti and
Marco Passarotti. “Towards the Modeling of Polarity in a Latin Knowledge
Base”
Enrico Very interesting! A common notion in linguistics is that meaning is contex-
tual. How - in your opinion - does this affect the quality or usability of a
sentiment lexicon?
Rachele Given the results of our application to the Medea of Seneca, we think that
the lexicon could be useful. But we sure need to improve the coverage.
Enrico How do you consider to evaluate the quality of the automatically generated
silver GS?
Rachele We chose only derivational and semantic relations that were not am-
biguous so to have a high-quality silver standard. For example, there are
two in- prefixes but we used only the one expressing negation because
the other can have different meanings. Details on the evaluation can be
found in the LREC 2020 paper.
Enrico Latin changed heavily in the centuries/places, how do you (plan to) address
the temporal or spatial variability in your project?
Enrico Are you planning to analyse and link to other latin resources?
Rachele We have a long list of resources to link. Examples are: the other Latin
treebank and the Latin works of Dante Alighieri
Albert Really exciting work! I’m curious if you’re planning some sort of “distant
reading” evaluation? So e.g. visualizing how sentiment changes through a
specific Latin text
8 A. Adamou, E. Daga and A. Meroño-Peñuela (eds.)
Presentation. Tabea Tietz, Mehwish Alam, Harald Sack and Marieke van Erp.
“Challenges of Knowledge Graph Evolution from an NLP Perspective”
Enrico Very interesting presentation! I particularly liked the case studies that cap-
ture the variety of aspects that related to KG evolution. I understand the
paper is about the challenges ? but are you already thinking about strategies
for making static KG incorporate ?some? of these dynamics?
Albert Really cool; I’d love to know more about further thoughts on using: (a) the
typography (e.g. in your apfelstrudel example); and (b) semantic linking or
language models to understand that the meaning of ?bomb? is very far away
from what?s usual in recipe foods?
Discussion 2: WHiSe: feedback & community
Chair: Alessandro Adamou
– How can we better engage the community?
• Online meetups
• Webinars
• Next editions of WHiSe
Is the community happy with CEUR proceedings?
– Is the community happy with the venue (namely, Semantic Web confer-
ences)? Shall we consider elsewhere?
– Are all areas of study concerning Humanities and Semantic Web well cov-
ered? Is the community missing any areas of study or specific DH topics
– Closing remarks and best paper announcement
END