=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-2698/paper02
|storemode=property
|title=Digital Maps and Blockchain, Simplification of
Information Sharing
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2698/p02.pdf
|volume=Vol-2698
|authors=Mounzer Saijare,Tunç Durmuş Medeni,İhsan Tolga Medeni,Demet Soylu
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/ivus/SaijareMMS20
}}
==Digital Maps and Blockchain, Simplification of
Information Sharing==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2698/p02.pdf
Digital Maps and Blockchain, Simplification of
Information Sharing
Mounzer Saijarea , Tunç Durmuş Medenia , İhsan Tolga Medenia and Demet Soylua
a Management Information Systems Department, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
Abstract
Our ICT age is coming with high complexity of information sharing due to the complex natures of the technologies and due
to the dependencies related to the varieties of sources companies. This paper will use Mixed Research Methods to prove
that Simplification of Information Sharing can be highly achieved by using these new 2 technologies: Programming of ESRI
digital maps; programming of smart contracts of Ethereum blockchain. Multistage Cluster Sampling method will be used to
choose samples of academic, public and private projects related to these 2 technologies. Then we can examine the level of
simplification of information sharing that we can achieve for each project one after another. Using programming method-
ologies of these 2 technologies will give huge opportunities for humanity to build very transparent policies at the global and
the national levels in all fields like business, politics, environmental management and natural resources management. We
have chosen ESRI digital maps company and Ethereum blockchain company because of their highly support for sustainable
development and for the global sharing mechanism. Also, these 2 companies highly support all types of programmers. These
2 example companies show that there are 3 target goals can be integrated together: 1) Sustainable development goals; 2)
Business economical added value; 3)Simplification of Information Sharing.
Keywords
ESRI, Digital maps, Blockchain, Ethereum, Smart contracts, Programming
1. Introduction
Business of today is so far dependent on the way of
visualization and securing the data. Digital maps are
way of data visualization and blockchains are way of
securing the data, but the more important thing that
programming of these 2 technologies will help so far
in simplifying the data sharing. We have chosen ESRI
digital maps because of possibilities of full program-
ming with many languages at the desktop and net-
work levels, in addition ESRI company strongly sup-
ports sustainable development. Also, we have cho-
Figure 1: Fundamental processes of knowledge manage-
sen Ethereum blockchain because it has very strong
ment.
language Solidity for Ethereum Smart Contracts pro-
gramming, in addition Solidity does not has any de-
pendencies to start programming smart contracts for
edge (Fig. 1); SRI Digital maps programming 3 exam-
business.
ples projects; Ethereum Blockchain network; Integra-
This paper will concentrate on the tremendous amo-
tion of the 2 technologies for future projects.
nt of transparency and simplicity of data sharing and
management that digital maps and blockchain program-
ming can provide for the sustainable development and 2. Explicit and Tacit Knowledge
for the sustainable business.
The paper will contain: explicit and Tacit knowl- Data, information and knowledge: Data is facts about
events but without judgments; Information is data or-
IVUS 2020: Information Society and University Studies, 23 April 2020, ganized for specific special purpose (Fig. 2). Data needs
KTU Santaka Valley, Kaunas, Lithuania these 5 processes to become information: contextu-
" saijare@yahoo.com (M. Saijare); tuncmedeni@gmail.com (T.D. alized, calculated, categorized, corrected, condensed.
Medeni); tolgamedeni@gmail.com (T. Medeni);
bunchnoble@gmail.com (D. Soylu) Knowledge: is the specialized information which al-
ways interact with the human experience. It comes
© 2020 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative
Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). from human experience and it generates new experi-
CEUR
Workshop
Proceedings
http://ceur-ws.org
ISSN 1613-0073 CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)
Figure 3: Keep Knowledge Conversion Process.
Figure 2: knowledge management tool.
Social networks: Social Network Analysis (SNA) sci-
ence can map and describe the relationships between
the members of the organization which will achieve
ence, a process similar to what happens in the learning excellent and the best added value to the organization
process of neural networks [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. It is included performance.
in the organizations standards. Information needs these Computer networks as social networks: Actually,
4 processes to become knowledge: comparison, con- the computers networks are social networks because
sequences, connections, conversion. Knowledge Man- they are the connections between humans and their
agement (KM). Knowledge Management is the system- communities, organizations and others human insti-
atic actions that are applied to get the best added value tutes.
from the knowledge that the organization has. Funda- Knowledge Management Systems (KMS): In the in-
mental processes of knowledge management: knowl- formation systems there is no differences in between
edge Acquisition; Knowledge Sharing; knowledge Uti- information and knowledge, so humans can do lim-
lization. ited customizations and simple categorizations. But in
Tacit and Explicit knowledge: Explicit knowledge KMS there is involvement for the humans in the con-
is the knowledge that can be transferred and shared tinuous interactions to achieve all the processes. With
within a systematic language. Tacit knowledge is per- KMS, the human-computer interaction is more com-
sonal, specific and complex which make it very hard plex with target to share not only the information but
to be standardized for sharing (Fig. 3). Human gains also the meaning and the knowledge.
knowledge by having new experience and developing A successful KMS gives high importance for data.
those experiences to gain another experience, so that Learning processes are highly dependent on the data.
the explicit knowledge only the visible part of the ice- We are learning from gathering information which is
berg. Keep Knowledge Conversion Process: External- highly dependent on the data. Because of this, we find
ization (tacit to explicit); Combination: (explicit to ex- that we can learn computer programming language by
plicit); Internalization: (explicit to tacit); Socialization: examples faster than learning it from its theoretical in-
(tacit to tacit). structions, or we can learn new language by practicing
Implicit Knowledge: Implicit rule-based knowledge it directly instead of learning its grammars and vocab-
is the knowledge that can be explicit transformed to ularies.
explicit if more efforts and time are given. Implicit
Know-how is the knowledge which can be shared but
needs experience because it is complex. Deep tacit 3. ESRI Digital maps programing
knowledge is the knowledge related to beliefs, cultures
and traditions. It is very difficult to be shared because ESRI (Environmental Systems Research Institute) is an
it related to specific practices. international supplier of geographic information sys-
Knowledge as social issue: Transformation from tacit tem (GIS) software, web GIS and geodatabase manage-
to explicit knowledge can be done by sharing the knowl- ment applications. ESRI has strong strategy to be main
edge in between social networks which contain hu- partner for United Nation, national governments and
man and non-human actors. other decision makers in achieving the sustainable de-
7
velopments goals. ESRI ArcGIS has over 200 available searching options. Attached is a screenshot for the
geoprocessing tools. For full control of desktop digital software for very deep unlimited search in the databases
maps ESRI provides full support for these languages: using SQL language. This software can be integrated
JAVA, C SHARP, VISUAL BASIC (VB), PYTHON. ESRI’s with my digital maps’ software. This software can re-
strong supports for programmers and its global sus- duce the dependencies by using XML and JSON files.
tainable development partnerships has been giving the ESRI has 200 essential geo-processing tools. The
environmental experts the ability to customize the dig- ESRI Geo-processing tool is a specialized processing
ital maps applications for full automation for the digi- tool to edit the maps attributes that targeting the graph-
tal maps’ projects [6]. ical components of the maps and its related geodatabase
attributes.
3.1. ESRI digital maps programming It will use the 3 geo-processing tools in the software:
The first tool is the buffering tool, the input can be
software
any type of layer such as points layer, lines layer or
Due to the huge complexity of the digital maps’ projects polygons layer and the output is always polygon layer.
most of people who need this technology consider that Buffering is the process to make new layer of polygons
there are huge needs to transform digital maps knowl- surrounding the selected targets shapes in the same in-
edge from tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge. put layer with polygons in a specific thickness in the 2
The software will focus on the most complex con- directions. If user does not select any shapes in the in-
cepts of the digital maps which is related to full pro- put layer then the buffer will be made for the all mem-
gramming of the digital maps and transfer it from tacit bers shapes of the layer.
to explicit knowledge. For this purpose, the software is The second tool is the clipping tool, the input is two
developed that can simplify to excellent level the full layers of polygons where the first layer polygons will
programing of ESRI digital maps. It will shows how cut the second layer polygons to have new third layer
and how much can the software methodology achieve whose polygons are a copy from the first one but it has
and simplify the full programming of ESRI digital maps. the layer attributes of the second layer polygons.
The most important thing in the software is the ex- The third geo processing tool is used in the software
tracting of the normal data types (text, date, numbers) is the tool that make connections to enterprise geo-
from the geodatabase. Because this will lead for full database such as Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server. The
automation for the data of the maps such as making inputs are data required to connect to the geo-database
any calculations programming or any deep searches as administrator and the output is a file which enable
on this data. you to connect to the geo-database and to all its con-
The software is about programming of ESRI ArcGIS tents of digital maps.
digital maps by using of VB programming language Almost l explained all the resources are used in the
and Oracle, SQL-Server, Access and XML databases. software and in the following l will explain the mecha-
To run the software, you need ArcGIS installed on your nism of work flow and how l made its processes types
computer. The main idea of this software is to show: of geodatabase in the same way by just browsing to
the Access geodatabase or to the folder that contains
1. How to extract the data from the data tables of the XML.
ArcGIS feature classes (points, lines, polygon lay- For explaining the user interface of the software for
ers). The software can extract the data from Or- full programming of ESRI digital maps: Let us start
acle, SQL-Server, Access and XML (Shape files) from the top of the software interface. On the top
databases. The importance of extracting the maps there are 6 input controls to input the data required
data is that: Any programming, calculation or for connecting to Oracle (server, instance, user name,
searching process can be done for this data. password) or Microsoft SQL Server (server, instance,
2. Programming of any sequence of ArcGIS Geo user name, password, the database) in addition to com-
Processing Tools can be done with same method- plete the path and the name to the connection file SDE
ology used in this software. which will be generated. Then we will see the two but-
3. Any connection to Oracle, SQL-Server, Access, tons which they are responsible on the generating of
XML databases or to folders can be created and the required files SDE to connect to the enterprise geo-
opened with this software. database Oracle or Microsoft SQL Server. After enter-
ing the database connection information and clicking
ESRI ArcGIS digital maps software has good but lim-
one of these 2 buttons the generation of connection file
ited database search options by using SQL language
SDE will start with all processes messages are shown
8
Figure 4: Screenshot for the software for full programming of ESRI digital maps.
Figure 5: Screenshot for software that transfer the PDF format reports, come from Bayer wastewater network pipes
monitoring companies, to database format data. Then this data will be sent to the digital maps’ software.
in the software. After finishing we will see that there We saw in the last step how to connect to an en-
is generated SDE file with the name and path of the terprise geodatabase wither it is Oracle or SQL Server.
folder we chose before. But ESRI has other 2 local geodatabase types: Microsoft
We have now the required files to connect to one Access geodatabase and XML files geodatabase (file
of the enterprise geodatabases Oracle or SQL Server, geodatabase or the normal folder geodatabase). We
we can see in the next section of the software that can connect to these 2 files geodatabase. Then the con-
there are 3 buttons to connect to the Geodatabases. necting process will start and the software will list all
The first one is responsible to connect to enterprise the layers and datasets in the geodatabase.
geodatabase by browsing to the generated SDE file in The last section of the software is related to load
the previous step. By choosing the SDE file the con- the digital maps after we connected to one of the 4
necting process will start then the software will list all types of ESRI geodatabases; and finally running the
the layers and datasets in the enterprise geodatabase. geoprocessing. The software shows how we can make
9
Figure 6: Screenshot for sample report for the PDF format reports come from Bayer wastewater network pipes monitoring
companies.
sequence of 2 geoprocessing tools which are buffer- will happen which is the extracting of the normal geo-
ing and clipping. So, we need 2 layers as inputs which database data type (text, dates, numbers) which can
we will load from the connected geodatabase. We can lead for full automation for digital maps (calculations
choose these 2 layers directly from the geodatabase or programming and deep searches). After the map is
from a dataset inside the connected geodatabase. The loaded you can choose a city for buffering wither by
selected layer for buffering will provide the software choosing from the map or from the table of items and
with the one item as input as the software just allows their attributes; let us say that we chose New York city.
one item to be selected. Whereas the selected layer Finally, you should enter the buffering distance in kilo-
for clipping will provide the software with the items meters; for example: 50 kilometers. Now everything
which will be clipped (cut) by the output of the buffer- is ready to start the sequence of the 2 geoprocessing
ing process. tools (buffering and clipping). When we click on run
We will see by example how we load the maps and geoprocessing the software will make new layer which
running the geoprocessing. The software provides an is a circle shape around New York with diameter of
example of folder xml files geodatabase which is a part 100 kilometer(2x50=100). After finishing the buffering
from USA map including New York city. By clicking geoprocessing, the software will continue with clip-
the load example geodatabase, you will be promoted ping geoprocessing tool with 2 input layers; the first
to select the bath for where the file geodatabase will be one the circle output of the buffering tool and the sec-
saved. Then the software will select the cities layer as ond one is the zip code layer was chosen before. The
the buffering layer and the zip code layer as the clipped generated circle layer will clip from the zip code to
layer. Now you can load the map. When we start load- generate new layer which is a copy of the circle but
ing the map the most important thing in the software just has the attributes of the zip codes layer; this means
10
Figure 7: ESRI ArcGIS digital maps software has good but limited database search options by using SQL language search-
ing options..
Figure 8: Screenshot for software for very deep unlimited search in the databases using SQL language. This software can
be integrated with the digital maps’ software. This software can reduce the dependencies by using XML and JSON files.
the final result new layer will be a 100 kilometers circle software for pollution monitoring and environmental
is cut from the zip code layer around New York city. management for the biggest coastal river in Syria. In
that time Mr. Mounzer Saijare was the Syrian coor-
3.2. Syrian coastal rivers environmental dinator for the UN MEDPOL Mediterranean Sea Pro-
management by using digital maps gram. A database and a Geo-database were designed
for this project. This digital map project helped us to
This project was between United Nation Mediterranean visualize all data gathered in a single application for
Pollution Monitoring Program UNEP/MAP-MEDPOL, the support of decision making. Before gathering the
the Syrian Environment Ministry and Syrian Ministry information of the river basin, we designed the survey
of Communication and Remote Sensing (2010-2012). after many long meetings with the related authorities
The project was about digital maps using ESRI ArcGIS in the Syrian government. We used many qualitative
11
Figure 9: Digital maps and geodatabse of the project of costal revers monitoring in Syria.
and quantitative research methods and tools to find 3.3. African Parks Project, GIS Tracking
the suitable important indicators to be included in the to Combat Poaching and Protect
survey. After finishing the survey, Mr. Mounzer and Animals
2 other GIS specialists doctors had visited all places
along the river basin to collect the required data. We As mentioned in the introduction about ESRI the dig-
used GPS technology to specify all locations of munic- ital maps company, it has 2 very strong strategies for
ipalities, villages, industrial activities, agriculture ac- supporting all programmers and for supporting all en-
tivities and tourism activities in addition to collect all vironmental projects and experts.
required data. Also, we used interviews and observa- These 2 strategies were applied in Garamba National
tions to collect the data. Park reserve in Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The final maps, after the filtering step performed in When African Parks control room was updated with
order to remove the noise [7, 8], were shown to re- new GIS visualization and analysis options, the opera-
lated 2 minsters with 3D video includes information tors found themselves face to face with new technolo-
about all discharge points along the river whether the gies that is somehow difficult to deal with [9].
source was municipal wastewater, industrial wastewa- Evan Trotzuk, the cyber infrastructure officer in the
ter, tourism activities wastewater or agriculture activi- park has used the capabilities of ESRI ArcGIS devel-
ties wastewater. This project shows the importance of opers kit in C# programming language to customize
digital maps in rivers basin management and in water the applications. Although Evan did not code in C#
and environmental management. before but within a short time, he made applications
interfaces for park digital maps. These interfaces were
simplification for the digital maps’ applications in the
park which leaded to reducing the training required
for rangers and ground patrols. Also, it leaded to that
12
Figure 10: Using ESRI digital maps programming in the African Park project.
the operators in the park control room can collect and chine learning and GIS will support the park future
analyze the data from seniors in real time, can visual- planning.
ize the data and track specific parts like locations and
speeds of elephants and locations of rangers and pa-
trols. 4. Istanbul Ethereum Blockchain
In the control room of the Garamba park all data of
Blockchain Ethereum network does not need any de-
the sensors are streamed together where they are ma-
pendencies for your computer, you can start directly
nipulated and analyzed in near-real time which pro-
writing Solidity smart contracts programs with online
vides a comprehensive image for the park manage-
Remix IDE and Chrome extension MetaMask.
ment staff. Hence all type of threats will be shown in
In Ethereum Blockchain you can program transfer-
the GIS screen like fires and shootings, making more
ring and sharing all type of transaction in the same
support for the human resources management of the
way
rangers and patrols. Elephants have clever remote sens-
ing for threats like poachers and others, The GIS actu- 1. transferring Ethereum (money)
ally helps to get use of this cleverness in the protection 2. transferring data
of these clever animals themselves. 3. transferring contract software
GIS helps the park authorities in dealing with local (will have address the same as web services)
farmers population and distinguishing poachers from
refugees coming along with borders of Sudan. Blockchain Ethereum network is suitable for Busin-
As more data are gathered from the park, the arti- ess-to-Consumer (B2C) marketing. No needs for servers.
ficial intelligence will reveal patterns and all together Ethereum network will share your database, your data,
with GIS will help fighting against poachers. Also, ma- your applications and your Ethereum accounts (money)
directly. This will give huge opportunities to sell small
13
Figure 11: Software for documents verification with Ethereum.
personal software because each software will have to files on Ethereum, we store the MD5 hash code of these
work with private Ethereum wallet and private con- files. Like on the Ethereum documents verification [10,
tract software address. Ethereum blockchain will be 11]: We need 20 k gas to store 256 bit (32 bytes) word.
perfect solution to share, store and search information. This means 1 k bytes = 32 word 1 k bytes = 640 k
Because it reduces a lot of dependencies (Human and gas. This means 1 mega bytes =640 million gas= 0.64
Technology). Ethereum blockchain will be perfect so- Ether at gas price (1/billion) Ether. Instead of storing
lution to share, store and search information for digi- the files on Ethereum, we store the MD5 hash code of
tal maps application. Transparency of Blockchain will these files. Like on the Ethereum documents verifica-
make it the perfect solution for sharing global infor- tion software.
mation about environmental pollutants regardless of
national and international political issues and policies.
Environmental Economics science is the best way to 5. The integration of digital
achieve the Sustainable Development and the Sustain- maps software and Istanbul
able Economic Growth. Transparency of Blockchain
is very necessary to share sensitive national informa- Ethereum
tion that are needed in calculation with Environmen-
The new very fast Istanbul Ethereum with ESRI digi-
tal Economics projects. The performance of Ethereum
tal maps programming can be integrated in an applica-
blockchain network depends on the gas price speci-
tion for the real estate business. Also, another example
fied for the transaction to smart contract. It is be-
that these 2 technologies transparency can be used in
tween 1 billion gas and 50 million gas for one Ether.
pollution monitoring of international water like revers
An Ethereum database sample is developed with track-
and seas.
ing of all blocks and transactions for all actions in the
The developer who will made integrated Esri digi-
smart contract. With this database sample we can mea-
tal maps-Ethereum blockchain software can give users
sure the economic efficiency of Ethereum blockchain
free software, then the developer can get percentage
network. For example, the costs of 1000 records are
from each transaction will be made via the software
in between 0.11 and 0.15 Ether. Instead of storing the
14
transferred from the users’ wallets to the developer’ [10] Ethereum, 2020. URL: https://ethereum.org/.
wallet, these processes and the percentage should be [11] Solidity ethereum smart contracts, 2020. URL:
declared very clearly in the software information. This https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.6.4/.
methodology will give huge opportunities for all de-
velopers whether they work as individuals or as they
work in companies.
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