JOWO 2020 The Joint Ontology Workshops Proceedings of the Joint Ontology Workshops 2020 Episode VI: The Bolzano Summer of Knowledge Virtual & Bozen-Bolzano, Italy, August 31st to October 7th, 2020 Edited by Karl Hammar | Oliver Kutz | Anastasia Dimou | Torsten Hahmann Robert Hoehndorf | Claudio Masolo | Randi Vita and for DeepOntoNLP | FOUST IV ROBONTICS | SKALE | WOMoCoE S. B. Abbès, P. Calvez, R. Hantach (DeepOntoNLP) T. P. Sales, D. Porello (FOUST IV) D. Beßler, S. Borgo, M. Diab, A. Gangemi, A. Olivares-Alarcos, M. Pomarlan, R. Porzel (RobOntics) M. G. Skjæveland, D. P. Lupp, I. Horrocks, J. W. Klüwer, C. Kindermann (SKALE) S. Borgo, L. Bozzato, T. Mossakowski, L. Serafini (WOMoCoE) http://www.iaoa.org/jowo/2020/ PREFACE JOWO – The Joint Ontology Workshops These proceedings include the papers presented at JOWO 2020, the sixth edition of the Joint Ontology WOrkshops (JOWO). JOWO is a venue of workshops that, together, address a wide spectrum of topics related to ontology research, ranging from cognitive science to knowledge representation, natural language processing, artificial intelligence, logic, philosophy, and linguistics. JOWO’s mission is to provide a platform for the diverse communities interested in building, reasoning with, and applying formalised ontologies both in theory and applications. The previous editions of the JOWO series were the following: • The first JOWO edition was ‘Episode I: The Argentine Winter of Ontology’, held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in co-location with the 24th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 2015). The proceedings of JOWO 2015 appeared as volume 1517 of CEUR.1 • The second JOWO edition was ‘Episode II: The French Summer of Ontology’, held in Annecy, France, in co-location with the 9th International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS 2016). The proceedings of JOWO 2016 appeared as volume 1660 of CEUR.2 • The third JOWO edition was ‘Episode III: The Tyrolean Autumn’, hosted by the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano in Bolzano, Italy, in September 21–23, 2017. The proceedings of JOWO 2017 appeared as volume 2050 of CEUR.3 • The fourth JOWO edition was ‘Episode IV: The South African Spring (JOWO 2018 @ FOIS 2018)’, held in Cape Town, South Africa, in co-location with the 10th International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS 2018). The proceedings of JOWO 2018 appeared as volume 2205 of CEUR.4 • The fifth JOWO edition was ‘Episode V: The Styrian Autumn of Ontology (JOWO 2019)’, held in Graz, Austria, on September 23–25, 2019. The proceed- ings of JOWO 2019 appeared as volume 2518 of CEUR.5 JOWO 2020 comprised a confederation of nine ontology workshops, covering a broad spectrum of contemporary applied ontology research, including its foun- dational aspects (FOUST IV), its methodology, evaluation and collaboration (WOMoCoE, COB) and scalable ontology tooling supporting industrial uptake (SKALE). The JOWO workshops also discussed and contributed to the appli- 1 See http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1517/. 2 See http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1660/. 3 See http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2050/. 4 See http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2205/. 5 See http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2518/. 1 cation of and intersection between ontology and other technologies, including deep learning (DeepOntoNLP), robotics (RobOntics), agriculture and nutrition (IFOW), the life sciences (CELLS, VDOS). The proceedings of five of those workshops are presented in this volume, while the remaining four will publish proceedings through, e.g., journal special issues. A total of 43 papers were submitted for this volume, of which 32 were accepted. JOWO workshops published in this volume: • DeepOntoNLP: Deep Learning meets Ontologies and Natural Language Pro- cessing – 1st International Workshop6 • FOUST IV: 4th Workshop on Foundational Ontologies7 • RobOntics: International Workshop on Ontologies for Autonomous Robotics8 • SKALE: Workshop on Scalable Knowledge Graph Engineering9 • WOMoCoE: 5th International Workshop on Ontology Modularity, Contextu- ality, and Evolution10 JOWO workshops published separately: • CELLS: 4th International Cells in Experimental Life Science Workshop11 • COB: A Core set of Open Biological and Biomedical Ontology (OBO) Foundry Terms • IFOW: Integrated Food Ontology Workshop12 • VDOS: 9th International Workshop on Vaccine and Drug Ontology Studies 13 6 See https://www.dl-onto-nlp-fois2020.ml. 7 See https://foust.inf.unibz.it/foust4. 8 See https://robontics2020.github.io. 9 See https://skale-workshop.gitlab.io. 10 See https://womocoe20.fbk.eu. 11 See https://sites.google.com/view/cells-2020-workshop/home. 12 See https://foodon.org/icbo-2020-food-workshop/. 13 See https://sites.google.com/site/vdosworkshop/VDOS-2020. 2 Acknowledgements We would like to thank all authors and speakers for their contributions, and the programme committee members and additional reviewers for their timely reviewing. Moreover, we would like to thank the International Association for Ontology and its Applications (IAOA)14 for providing support and facilities. JOWO Chairs Anastasia Dimou Ghent University, Belgium Karl Hammar Jönköping University, Sweden Torsten Hahmann University of Maine, USA Claudio Masolo Laboratory for Applied Ontology, ISTC-CNR, Italy Randi Vita La Jolla Institute for Immunology, USA / OBO Foundry Robert Hoehndorf King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia Local Chair Oliver Kutz Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Proceedings Chair Karl Hammar Jönköping University, Sweden Web Chair Selja Seppälä University College Cork, Ireland JOWO Steering Committee Stefano Borgo Laboratory for Applied Ontology, ISTC-CNR, Italy Oliver Kutz Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Frank Loebe University of Leipzig, Germany Fabian Neuhaus Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg, Germany 14 See http://iaoa.org. 3 JOWO 2020 Workshops DeepOntoNLP Deep Learning meets Ontologies and Natural Language Processing – 1st International Workshop Programme Chairs Sarra Ben Abbès Engie, France Rim Hantach Engie, France Philippe Calvez Engie, France Programme Committee Lynda Temal ENGIE, France Nada Mimouni CNAM, France Rafika Boutalbi Trinov, France Deep Learning (DL) meets Natural Language Processing (NLP) to solve human language problems for further applications, such as information extraction, ma- chine translation, search and summarization. Previous works has attested the positive impact of domain knowledge on data analysis and vice versa, for example pre-processing data, searching data, redundancy and inconsistency data, knowl- edge engineering, domain concepts and relationships extraction, etc. Ontology is a structured knowledge representation that facilitates data access (data sharing and reuse) and assists the DL process as well. DL meets recently ontologies and tries to model data representations with many layers of non-linear transformations. The combination of DL, ontologies and NLP might be beneficial for different tasks: • Deep Learning for Ontologies: ontology population, ontology extension, ontol- ogy learning, ontology alignment and integration, • Ontologies for Deep Learning: semantic graph embeddings, latent semantic representation, hybrid embeddings (symbolic and semantic representations), • Deep Learning for NLP: summarization, translation, named entity recognition, question answering, document classification, etc. • NLP for Deep Learning: parsing (part-of-speech tagging), tokenization, sen- tence detection, dependency parsing, semantic role labeling, semantic depen- dency parsing, etc. 4 FOUST IV 4th Workshop on Foundational Ontologies Programme Chairs Tiago Prince Sales Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Daniele Porello Laboratory for Applied Ontology, ISTC-CNR, Trento, Italy Programme Committee Adrien Barton Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, CNRS, France Antony Galton University of Exeter, UK Barry Smith University of Buffalo, USA C. Maria Keet University of Cape Town, South Africa Emilio Sanfilippo Le Studium, Institute for Advanced Studies, France Fabian Neuhaus University of Magdeburg, Germany Frank Loebe University of Leipzig, Germany Giancarlo Guizzardi Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy João Paulo Almeida Federal University of Espı́rito Santo, Brazil Laure Vieu Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, CNRS, France Mattia Fumagalli Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Michael Grüninger University of Toronto, Canada Nicola Guarino Laboratory for Applied Ontology, ISTC-CNR, Italy Oliver Kutz Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Pierre Grenon University College London, UK Riichiro Mizoguchi Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Japan Roberta Ferrario Laboratory for Applied Ontology, ISTC-CNR, Italy Stefano Borgo Laboratory for Applied Ontology, ISTC-CNR, Italy Foundational ontology is about categories of reality or thought which are common to all or almost all subject-matters. Commonly considered examples of such cat- egories include ‘object’, ‘quality’, ‘function’, ‘role’, ‘process’, ‘event’, ‘time’, and ‘place’. There are several foundational ontologies that provide a systematic for- mal representation of these categories, their relationships, and interdependencies. Amongst existing foundational ontologies, there is both a substantial measure of agreement and some dramatic disagreements. There is currently no uniform consensus concerning how a foundational ontology should be organised, how far its ‘reach’ should be (e.g., is the distinction between physical and non-physical entities sufficiently fundamental to be included here?), and even what role it should play in relation to more specialised domain ontologies. The main use of foundational ontologies is as a starting point for the development of domain ontologies and application ontologies. A foundational ontology provides an ontology engineer with a conceptual framework that enables her to analyse a given domain, identify the entities in the domain as specialisations of the generic categories in the foundational ontology, and often reuse relationships (e.g., part- hood) from the foundational ontology. The utilisation of foundational ontologies for the development of domain and application ontologies has two main benefits. 5 Firstly, the ontology engineer can reuse an existing set of well-studied ontological distinctions and design principles instead of having to develop an ad-hoc solution. Secondly, if two domain ontologies are based on the same foundational ontology, it is easier to integrate them. FOUST is an ontology workshop series that offers researchers in foundational ontology an opportunity to present their results. This includes work on specific areas of foundational ontology as well as work on a particular foundational ontol- ogy. Topics covered in this edition of FOUST include, amongst others, processes, events, functions, roles, and identity criteria. 6 RobOntics International Workshop on Ontologies for Autonomous Robotics Programme Chairs Daniel Beßler University of Bremen, Germany Stefano Borgo Laboratory for Applied Ontology, ISTC-CNR, Italy Mohammed Diab Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain Aldo Gangemi University of Bologna and ISTC-CNR, Italy Alberto Olivares-Alarcos Institut de Robòtica i Informàtica Industrial (CSIC- UPC), Spain Mihai Pomarlan University of Bremen, Germany Robert Porzel University of Bremen, Germany Programme Committee John Bateman University of Bremen, Germany Michael Beetz University of Bremen, Germany Julita Bermejo Universidad Isabel I, Spain Katrien Beuls Free University of Brussels, Belgium Carlos Hernández Corbato Delft University of Technology, Netherlands Paul Van Eecke Free University of Brussels, Belgium Kerstin Fischer University of Southern Denmark, Denmark Sebastian Höffner University of Bremen, Germany Oliver Kutz Free University of Bolzano, Italy Antonio Lieto University of Turin, Italy Chris Nowak Defence Science and Technology Group, Australia Alessandro Oltramari Bosch Research, USA Daniele Porello Laboratory for Applied Ontology, ISTC-CNR, Italy Jan Rosell Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain Ricardo Sanz Bravo Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain Paulo Jorge Sequeira Gonçalves Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Portugal Luc Steels Free University of Brussels, Belgium Elisa Tosello University of Padova, Italy Remi Van Trjp Sony Computer Science Laboratory Paris, France ROBONTICS focuses on the area of robot autonomy enabled by knowledge-driven approaches, and in particular formal ontologies. It aims to foster interaction across robotics, ontology, and knowledge representation and reasoning, to match open problems to promising approaches, and to review progress in knowledge-driven robotics. A partial list of topics of interest includes: • Foundational issues: which ontological approaches are better suited for au- tonomous robotics? how should notions such as capability or context be mod- elled? • Robustness: how can ontologies help robots cope with the variety and relatively fluid structure of human environments? 7 • Ontologies in the perception-action loop: how might ontologies be used to rec- ognize action possibilities? • Interactivity: how should conversations be formalized, in particular the giving of instructions? • Normed behavior: how can we represent, and then have a robot act according to, norms on behavior? • Explainability: what is an explanation, and how can one be generated from a collection of knowledge items? 8 SKALE Workshop on Scalable Knowledge Graph Engineering Programme Chairs Martin G. Skjæveland University of Oslo, Norway Daniel P. Lupp University of Oslo, Norway Ian Horrocks University of Oxford, UK Johan W. Klüwer DNV GL, Norway Christian Kindermann University of Manchester, UK Programme Committee Aidan Hogan DCC, Universidad de Chile Alan Ruttenberg Alba Fernandez Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Alessandro Adamou The Open University Anastasia Dimou Ghent University Bijan Parsia The University of Manchester Boris Motik University of Oxford Ernesto Jimenez-Ruiz City, University of London Eva Blomqvist Linköping University Evgeny Kharlamov Bosch; University of Oslo Francisco Martin-Recuerda DNV GL Frank Van Harmelen Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Gezim Sejdiu University of Bonn Giancarlo Guizzardi Federal University of Espirito Santo & UFES Ioan Toma STI Innsbruck Jeff Z. Pan University of Aberdeen Jens Wissmann Festo AG & Co. KG Juan Sequeda data.world Laurent Pierre Electricité De France Mariano Rodrı́guez Muro Google Markus Krötzsch TU Dresden Martin Giese University of Oslo Maxime Lefrançois MINES Saint-Etienne Ognjen Savkovic Free University of Bolzano Oscar Corcho Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Paul Groth University of Amsterdam Peter Haase metaphacts Petr Kremen Czech Technical University in Prague Rafael S. Gonçalves Stanford University Roman Kontchakov Birkbeck, University of London Steffen Staab IPVS, Universität Stuttgart, DE and WAIS, University of Southampton, UK Uli Sattler University of Manchester York Sure-Vetter Karlsruhe Institute of Technology While the use of knowledge bases is rapidly gaining industrial interest, ontologies are by and large still a fringe technology in most industries. A major impedi- 9 ment for industrial uptake is often attributed to the lack of scalable knowledge engineering tools and methodologies. Moreover, the development, maintenance, and use of knowledge bases and the tools and methods that are built to support these tasks usually require considerable specialist training. Enterprises that wish to explore the benefits of using semantic technologies will likely lack the necessary competence and will find that there are a few off-the-shelf ontologies, tools, and methodologies that fit their existing system architecture and information flow. The SKALE workshop wants to attract and stimulate novel research and inno- vative advances of semantic technologies with the aim of making these technolo- gies more easily accessible to and useful for modern data-driven industries. The workshop also wants to investigate where the real world problems are, and where and what are the current show-stoppers for efficient large-scale deployments of ontology-based information systems? 10 WOMoCoE 5th International Workshop on Ontology Modularity, Contextuality, and Evolution Programme Chairs Stefano Borgo Laboratory for Applied Ontology, ISTC-CNR, Italy Loris Bozzato Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Italy Till Mossakowski Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany Luciano Serafini Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Italy Programme Committee Valeria De Paiva Samsung Research America and University of Birmingham, UK José M. Giménez-Garcı́a Université Jean Monnet Saint-Étienne, France Adila A. Krisnadhi University of Indonesia, Indonesia Raphael Peñaloza University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy Patrick Rodler Alpen-Adria Universität Klagenfurt, Austria Vojtěch Svátek Univ. Economics Prague, Czech Republic George Vouros University of Piraeus, Greece In the area of ontologies for Knowledge representation and reasoning, knowledge is rarely considered as a monolithic and static structure: partitioning knowledge into distinct modular structures is central to organize knowledge bases, from their design to their management, from their maintenance to their use in knowledge sharing. Moreover, keeping knowledge in separate modules is essential for rep- resenting and for reliable and effective reasoning in changing situations. Finally, evolution of knowledge resources, in terms of updates by newly acquired knowl- edge, is an important factor influencing the meaningfulness of stored knowledge over time. Considering these emerging needs, the International Workshop on Ontology Mod- ularity, Contextuality, and Evolution (WOMoCoE) offers the ground to practi- tioners and researchers to discuss current work on practical and theoretical as- pects of modularity, contextuality and evolution of ontology based knowledge resources. WOMoCoE 2020, the 5th edition of the Workshop on Ontology Modularity, Con- textuality, and Evolution, takes place (as a virtual workshop) in Bolzano on Sept. 16, 2020 within the framework of the 6th Joint Ontology WOrkshops (JOWO 2020) and the 22nd International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management (EKAW 2020). The workshop schedule included the oral presentation of the accepted contribu- tions included in this volume. As in the past, in order to foster active, broad and cross-disciplinary interactions, much time is dedicated to the discussion of the papers. Each submitted paper was reviewed by at least three members of the program committee. 11 CELLS The 4th International Cells in Experimental Life Science Workshop Programme Chairs Alexander D. Diehl University at Buffalo, USA Sirarat Sarntivijai ELIXIR, UK Yongqun “Oliver” He University of Michigan, USA The rapid advancement of experimental technologies for understanding cellular biology has led to challenges in keeping up with the volume and format of the data being produced and its distillation into new biological knowledge. Current high throughput methods such as single cell RNA sequencing and flow and mass cytometry are producing a large amount of data related to existing and novel cell types in health and disease. At the same time, experimental approaches such as microscopy, genomics, and metabolomics are expanding understanding of cellular functioning in relation to neighboring cells and the whole organism. Ontologies are being increasingly used as a tool for integrating and analyzing these diverse data types. The Cell Ontology (CL) and Cell Line Ontology (CLO) have long been established as reference ontologies in the OBO framework for representing cell type information, but additional ontologies such as the Gene Ontology, Pro- tein Ontology, and the Ontology for Biomedical Investigation are also important for representing not only experimental data about cell types but also the meth- ods used to produce that data. There is a continuing need for improve auto- mated analysis techniques to link data about cells with appropriate ontologies. The CELLS 2020 workshop will focus on two themes: (i) challenges in the knowl- edge representation of newly-discovered and known cell types, and (ii) challenges in the knowledge representation of cells in disease states. This workshop will pro- vide a venue for panel discussions of innovative solutions as well as the challenges in the development and application of biomedical ontologies to represent and an- alyze in vivo and in vitro cell- and cell line-related knowledge and data, including stem cell technologies. The workshop will cover the extension of CL and CLO for ontological representation of cell types and cell lines in new methodologies and experiments. It will also cover the applications and challenges in real-world use cases which may require other ontological adaptations beyond CL and CLO. Selected submissions will be featured in a BMC Bioinformatics thematic CELLS issue, as those from previous CELLS workshops have been. 12 COB A Core set of Open Biological and Biomedical Ontology (OBO) Foundry Terms Programme Chair Randi Vita La Jolla Institute for Immunology, USA The Open Biological and Biomedical Ontology (OBO) project is a collective of ontology developers that are committed to collaboration and adherence to shared principles. The OBO Foundry mission is to develop a family of interoperable on- tologies that are both logically well-formed and scientifically accurate. Partici- pants voluntarily adhere to and contribute to the development of an evolving set of principles including open use, collaborative development, non-overlapping and strictly-scoped content, and common syntax and relations. The OBO Foundry provides services to the community such as hosting persistent URLs and ontology files, recording metadata for all ontologies in the OBO registry, as well as support- ing discussion forums and regular calls between participants. We have developed a set of key top-level ontology terms that unify the many OBO Foundry ontologies, termed COB. COB simplifies the identification of terms, organizes terms, and helps users navigate across OBO projects. It includes logic that links OBO on- tologies together, allowing interoperability problems to be detected and corrected. It also allows users to see related ontology terms from multiple ontologies at the same time. This helps users understand how OBO ontologies and their terms are related, as well as aiding developers to ensure interoperability. The purpose of this workshop is to continue active development of COB, taking advantage of the ICBO meeting to gather together, in person, representatives from the diverse OBO Foundry ontologies. As COB is still in development, we are eager to obtain feedback from the ontology community. We want to collect actionable suggestions on how OBO ontologies work or do not work for users, and what users most want to see included in COB. 13 IFOW Integrated Food Ontology Workshop Programme Chairs Damion Dooley University of British Columbia, Canada Emma Griffiths Simon Fraser University, Canada Hande Kucuk McGinty Collaborative Drug Discovery, USA Robert Warren Myra Analytics, Canada Programme Committee Leigh Carmody Robinson Lab / Jackson Laboratory, USA Melissa Haendel Oregon State University, USA Lauren Chan Oregon State University, USA Lynn Schriml University of Maryland, USA Duccio Cavalieri University of Florence, Italy Tarini Naravane University of California, Davis, USA Damion Dooley University of British Columbia, Canada Robert Warren Myra Analytics, Canada Jessica Singer Myra Analytics, Canada Controlled vocabulary standardization efforts covering agricultural and food do- mains are evolving since their inception decades ago thanks to the mandates and continued support of institutional caretakers. Popular examples are FoodEx2, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) food classification and description sys- tem, the Global Language of Business GS1 product categorization scheme, the EUROFIR promoted LanguaL food composition thesaurus, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization’s AGROVOC SKOS-based vocabulary, and its support of the International Network of Food Data Systems (INFOODS) vocabulary for food nutrition testing. These vocabularies are used in a growing interconnected food database landscape but suffer from format issues like textual or spreadsheet formats, unresolvable identifiers, and inconsistent category semantics. Ontologies are new entrants into the food domain, bringing a wave of Semantic Web tech- nology and philosophy to bear on the issue of data sharing and modeling of food- related activity and research which are becoming critical in the face of rapid change to our environment and anthroposphere. Examples range from BBC’s Food Ontology, driving its culinary media universe, to recently published research laboratory initiated ontologies like OBOFoundry members FoodOn, the Food Biomarker Ontology (FOBI), and the Ontology for Nutritional Studies (ONS), and related ontologies like the Medical Action Ontology (MAxO) and the En- vironmental Conditions, Treatments and Exposures ontology (ECTO) that are under development. Underpinning these mid-level, model-focused ontologies are environmental, chemical, biological, anatomical, disease and phenotype ontolo- gies. Academic, agricultural and public health agencies are considering the ben- efits and complexities of adopting ontology in their research and data manage- 14 ment and reporting infrastructure. How can ontologies interface to legacy datasets and online databases described by existing vocabularies? What vocabulary, tool ecosystem and data models are needed to correlate agricultural treatments, nu- tritional data, eating patterns, biomarkers, pathogens, and phytochemical levels with disease and health phenotypes? This workshop seeks to define the cover- age of the different ecological, agricultural, nutritional, dietary, public health, one health surveillance, food security, and trade domains that food-related ontologies are modeling, and the use of data translation tools for bringing legacy data into the ontology fold. 15 VDOS 9th International Workshop on Vaccine and Drug Ontology Studies Programme Chairs Cui Tao University of Texas, USA Yongqun “Oliver” He University of Michigan, USA Junguk Hur University of North Dakota, USA Programme Committee Guoqian Jiang Mayo Clinic, USA Jie Zheng University of Pennsylvania, USA Richard Boyce University of Pittsburgh, USA Asiyah Yu Lin Food and Drug Administration (FDA), USA Yuji Zhang University of Maryland, USA Drugs and vaccines have contributed to dramatic improvements in public health worldwide. Over the last decades, there have been efforts in the biomedical on- tology community that represent various areas associated with drugs includ- ing vaccines that extend existing health and clinical terminology systems (e.g., SNOMED, RxNorm, NDF- RT, and MedDRA), vernacular medical terminolo- gies, and their applications to research and clinical data. This workshop will pro- vide a platform for discussing innovative solutions as well as the challenges in the development and application of biomedical ontologies to representing and ana- lyzing drugs and vaccines, their administration, immune responses induced, ad- verse events, and similar topics. The workshop will cover two main areas: (i) on- tology representation of vaccines, drugs, and vaccine/drug-related domains (e.g., adverse events), and (ii) applications of the ontologies in real world situations – administration, adverse events, etc. Examples of biomedical subject matter in the scope of this workshop: drug components (e.g., drug active ingredients, vac- cine antigens, and adjuvants), administration details (e.g., dosage, administra- tion route, and frequency), gene immune responses and pathways, drug-drug or drug-food interactions, and adverse events. Both research and clinical subjects will be covered. We will also focus on computational methods used to study these, for example, literature mining of vaccine/drug-gene interaction networks, path- way analysis, meta-analysis of host immune responses, and time event analysis of the pharmacological effects. We encourage submissions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Drugs and vaccines are critical to fight against the COVID-19. We welcome papers in the domain of drugs and vaccines against COVID-19. 16 17