=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-2721/paper502
|storemode=property
|title=ONE Record: One Step Closer to Digital Cargo with Ontologies and Linked Data
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2721/paper502.pdf
|volume=Vol-2721
|authors=Andra Blaj,Henk Mulder,David Sauv,Arnaud Lambert,Christophe Lambert
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/semweb/BlajMSLL20
}}
==ONE Record: One Step Closer to Digital Cargo with Ontologies and Linked Data==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2721/paper502.pdf
ONE Record: One Step Closer to Digital Cargo with On-
tologies and Linked Data
Andra Blaj, Arnaud Lambert, Christophe Lambert, Henk Mulder, David Sauv
International Air Transport Association (IATA)
Route de l'Aéroport 33, 1215 Geneva, Switzerland
onerecord@iata.org
Abstract. Each air cargo shipment requires around 30 paper documents on av-
erage as it makes its way from shipper to consignee, via the freight forwarder,
trucking company, airline, ground handler and customs authorities. ONE Rec-
ord is an open standard for data sharing that defines a common data model that
is exchanged via a standardized and secured API. It enables an end-to-end digi-
tal logistics and transport supply chain where data is easily and transparently
exchanged in a digital ecosystem of air cargo stakeholders, communities and
data platforms. The ONE Record Data Model, API and Security specifications
provide the air cargo industry with a common language and standard data struc-
ture defined in an ontology, as well as secured interfaces for data exchange that
are based on Linked Data principles. Currently, the number of companies im-
plementing pilots based on ONE Record is close to 50 and keeps on increasing.
One important aim of the pilots is to connect the supply chain stakeholders to-
gether to the extent of creating a global Internet of Logistics (IoL).
Keywords: Cargo, Ontology, Digital Twin, Linked Data, Internet of Logistics
Context. Air cargo transport is a complex and siloed industry. Its data exchange is
mostly based on sequential information flow, meaning that each party sends the in-
formation to the next one in the supply chain. There is still a huge amount of paper
and manual handling, both of which limit transparency and visibility of shipments and
create an error-prone environment. Another consequence of paper being used
throughout all the processes is duplication of information and therefore knowing the
true source becomes difficult. To address this challenge, the ONE Record standard [1]
explores the use of the Semantic Web from the air cargo ecosystem perspective and it
proposes the use of concepts such as Linked Data and ontologies in order to achieve
an end-to-end digital logistics and transport chain.1
ONE Record Data Model, Digital Twin of the Cargo Industry. Air cargo is about
physically moving goods. It includes physical assets such as the goods being trans-
ported or the means of transportation themselves. With this in mind, the data model
reflects the physical world as much as possible using the digital twin concept. At this
1 Copyright © 2020 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons
License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
stage, we have developed an ontology written in Turtle syntax containing classes and
properties that capture the domain of air cargo [2]. IATA participates in several mul-
timodal data sharing projects, such as EU FEDeRATED2 and the aim is to extend the
scope of ONE Record to interact with different transport modes like maritime, road,
rail or inline waterways. The goal is to achieve a federated network of platforms for
data sharing in the freight transport and logistics domain at EU level, while providing
interoperability and harmonisation between individual platforms.
API & Security Specifications. ONE Record defines API specifications for allowing
airlines and their partners to connect their systems directly using web technologies
that consume and produce JSON-LD format. The ONE Record API supports features
like Publish & Subscribe, JSON-LD PATCH3, versioning – based on the Memento
Protocol 4 – and Web Access Control 5. ONE Record Security specifies an industry-
wide and federated trust network to manage identification and authentication of data
sharing systems and ensures data privacy and confidentiality for all parties, based on
the concepts of mutual TLS between servers and OAuth2 for users and other entities.
Engaging with the Cargo Community through ONE Record Pilots. The ONE
Record pilot community builds applications and systems to evaluate feasibility, dura-
tion, cost, and improve upon the study design of the standard. ONE Record started in
2019 with 6 pilots around the world and 26 companies. Currently there are 7 ONE
Record pilots, working on 10 use cases, and the number of companies involved is
close to 50 and increasing as members join existing pilots.
Conclusion. The use of ontologies and Linked Data in air cargo facilitates data dis-
covery by 3rd party applications and logistics networks, including multimodal
transport. What the logistics ecosystem needs – and what Linked Data can provide –
is a universal solution for linking disassociated freight content into a larger cohesive
Internet of Logistics.
The ONE Record standard opens the way to a new digital era for logistics and the
transport chain which is essential in a time of digital globalization. The increased use
of Semantic Web concepts across different industries facilitates its adoption.
References
1. ONE Record Homepage, https://www.iata.org/one-record/, last accessed 2020/08/10.
2. Blaj, A.: Catch the Wave of Linked Data with ONE Record. In: IATA website (2020).
2 FEDeRATED Homepage, http://www.federatedplatforms.eu/.
3 JSON-LD PATCH GitHub, https://github.com/digibib/ls.ext/wiki/JSON-LD-PATCH/.
4 Memento Project Homepage, http://mementoweb.org/about/.
5 Web Access Control Homepage, https://www.w3.org/wiki/WebAccessControl.