The article is devoted to the problem of development information systems design skills considering issues for visually impaired people inclusion. It is established that the known training tools for information systems design are based on the principle of visualization. This makes it impossible to study the design of information systems for visually impaired people and requires the search for new means of education for the design of information systems. The information system has been developed for improving the design skills of the information systems for people with visual impairments.
The important problem of modern education is the fight against stereotypes regarding the capabilities and potential of people with visual impairments and discriminatory views in relation to them. Social exclusion and barriers created by the lack of an appropriate educational space do not allow them to fully participate in the activities of the society and realize themselves as individuals.
Let look at statistics: The World Health Organization estimates that more than 1
billion people have some form of disability, accounting for almost 15% of the world's
population. In Ukraine, more than 2 million 800 thousand people are disabled. And
nearly 80 percent of people with disabilities are people of working age. The number
of persons with disabilities among students of institutions of higher education in
Ukraine is 12788 [
The analysis of the practice of training students with visual impairments in Ukrainian universities shows that they can successfully study on a common basis in a typical student group. However, one of the problems faced by students in the learning process is the orientation of educational information on visual perception. The soluCopyright © 2020 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). tion of this problem is a prerequisite for the success of the educational process and the further professional activities of students with visual impairments.
According to this, there are contradictions between: the need to improve training tool in the inclusive space of higher education and insufficiently developed theoretical approaches of this tool; the need for modern training tools for the design of information systems and the mismatch of existing training tools with the conditions of the education in the inclusive university.
The purpose is to analyze the process of developing the skills of designing information systems for people with visual impairments; to develop a software application for getting the designing information systems skills for people with visual impairments. 2
Inclusive education is one of the processes of transformation of education, based on
the understanding that disabled people in modern society can be involved in society
[
The effective way of solving the problem of providing quality educational services
to visually impaired people in inclusive universities is the use of computer and tiflo
technologies [
The study of scientific articles devoted to the problem of ICT technologies for
visually impaired and blind persons confirms the special attention of researchers to the
introduction of assistive technologies. P. Sinitsyn's work deals with the solution of the
problem of adaptation web pages for blind and visually impaired Internet users [
Scientists pay attention to the audio support of the process of training people with
visual impairments [
Today there are many automated systems for designing information systems. As a
rule, automated systems for designing information systems include tools for
constructing UML diagrams [
Software developers are often used for design information systems such diagrams
as "Use case diagram", "Class diagram" [
Program analysis showed that all programs have only a graphical interface and none of them has an audio interface. Working with design tools requires a compulsory visual perception of the information. On the one hand, this makes it impossible to study the design of information systems for visually impaired people, on the other, it requires the search for new training tools for the design of information systems for visually impaired people. 4
The training tool for the information systems design in the inclusive university must meet the following requirements: suitability for the education of both ordinary and visually impaired students; the presence of a command interface that has all the same capabilities as the graphical interface; multiple media output - graphics and audio.
Let's take a look at the requirements for the training tool.
1. Ability to create, edit and delete UML chart elements. The editor should keep a general index of all the elements, which makes it possible to conveniently view the list of relations between these entities. The main graphical elements for diagrams that should be supported by the software application: Actor; Use case; Class; Interface; Object; Package; Attribute; Operation; Dependency; Realization; Generalization; Association; Aggregation; Composition.
2. Ability to save and download the project. 3. Ability to export created diagrams in raster format. For example, in PNG. 4. The presence of a user interface for visually impaired users.
5. The modern user interface. With the help of different visual elements, the user can learn and change diagrams much faster.
6. Independence from the operating system. It would be desirable if the editor worked in any of them.
7. Free development and execution environment.
Analyzing the given data, we outlined the stages of development: creation of a graphical interface; implementation of CRUD project implementation operations; implementation of operations of execution of CRUD of UML elements; implementation of editing of UML elements; saving and downloading the project; an export of diagram in graphic format (SVG, PNG); implementation of command interface; providing voice guidance for user actions. The web application architecture was chosen to develop the training tools for the design of information systems. 5
UML activity diagram for information systems design for persons with visual impairments is shown in Fig. 1.
The developed tool is intended to solve the problem of the unadaptability of modern means of designing information systems for the visually impaired. It has several advantages over other graphic constructors: - a convenient system for creating diagrams, by dragging the finished stencils from the stencil window to the workspace. At the same time, all stencils are in front of the eyes, easy switching between libraries, all actions are visual and minimized; - the presence of a command interface that has all the same capabilities as the graphical interface; - multiple outputs - graphics and audio. The following document formats are supported: own JSON based format; PNG (PNG) format.
The program is built on HTML5 and Javascript web standards, supported by all new browsers such as Google Chrome, Firefox, Safari and Internet Explorer 8+.
Most document element operations can be performed in two ways: graphical and text interfaces. Because the text interface is intended for users who cannot, for one reason or another, perceive graphical information, commands, results, and errors are voiced using a voice assistant built into the operating system.
The list of commands, their functional description and an example of use are given in table 2.
Functional description of the command Creates a Use case diagram. Takes two numerical parameters - coordinates Creates an Actor chart. Takes two numerical parameters - coordinates Creates an element Package. Takes two numerical parameters - coordinates Creates an element Class. Takes two numerical parameters - coordinates Creates an element Interface. Takes two numerical parameters - coordinates Creates an element Object. Takes two numerical parameters - coordinates Removes an item. Accepts one parameter - the ID of the item to be deleted The multifunctional command. It has 4 uses. GET with attribute name allows you to get an attribute value. CLEAR with attribute name - remove attribute text. ADD with attribute name and text allows you to add text to the selected attribute. CHANGE with attribute name - Go to edit mode. You can exit it using the OK.
two elements. It accepts three parameters - two identifiers of elements and a link type Moves the chart to a new location. Accepts three parameters - identifiers of elements and coordinates on the sheet Displays a list of all elements with their identifiers Saves and uploads the document to your computer Clears the command window
USECASE 50 50 ACTOR 50 50 PACKAGE 50 50 CLASS 50 50 INTERFACE 50 50 OBJECT 50 50 DELETE 1 SELECT 1 GET name SELECT 1 CLEAR name SELECT 1 ADD name Class SELECT 1 CHANGE name CONNECT 1 2 ARROW MOVE 1 100 100 LIST SAVE CLEAR
When running the program, the window shown in Figure 2 appears in front of the user. To add a chart element, you must drag the corresponding image from the toolbar to the work area of the application. The same result can be obtained by entering one of the commands to add the chart and its location coordinates in the workspace. Scheme cannot be posted if another scheme is already in this place.
The application allows you to create, edit, save and download Use case diagrams and Class diagrams. In Fig. 2 depicts a class diagram created with the help of a training tool for information systems design. The class diagram includes describing signatures of operations and relationships between classes.
Voice control of user actions in the application is implemented using Web Speech API. The speech Synthesis interface (available in the object window) provides a number of methods that allow you to control speech synthesis.
The developed training tool for information systems design solves the problem of forming information systems design skills in an inclusive space of higher education. The application contains a command and graphical interface; It contains several graphic and audio outputs and is therefore suitable for teaching both ordinary and visually impaired students. 6
Inclusive education is one of the processes of education transformation, based on the understanding that disabled people in modern society can be involved in society. The component of the training of a specialist in the field of computer science is the educational component - Design of information systems. The formation of information systems design skills for visually impaired people is impossible without special training tools.
The training tool for information systems design has been developed, which solves the problem of forming information systems design skills in the inclusive higher education space. The application is based on HTML5 and JavaScript web standards, which are supported by all modern browsers. The application allows us to build diagrams of use cases and class diagrams. Also, it contains a command and graphical interface; several outputs of information - graphic and sound, and therefore suitable for teaching both ordinary and visually impaired students.
The developed system solves the problem of the formation of information systems design skills in the conditions of the inclusive university and is a necessary component of the success of the educational process and the further professional activity of the educational recipients with visually impaired.