The concept of improving the efficiency of IT projects management is proposed, based on an integrated system approach to IT projects management and implementing a rational choice of parameters of the IT projects management system. The described approach provides integrated information processing and support for management decision-making at all stages of the IT project implementation. The integrated system approach to improving the efficiency of IT projects management involves the development of new algorithms for forming structure and composition of project teams and distribution of project team participants to project tasks using evolutionary modeling. The advantage of the proposed approach is the ability to quickly respond to changes in the parameters of internal processes of an IT project and an external environment. The proposed approach was tested when creating the corporate information system of “SMIT-Yartsevo” LLC. The application of the proposed approach at “SMIT-Yartsevo” LLC ensured the reduction in the labor intensity and timing of the implementation of the main stages of the project to create the corporate information system by increasing the efficiency of managing the formation of project teams and the distribution of tasks among project team participants.
The IT projects management system is an active
system [
Approaches to improving the efficiency of IT projects management can affect any of the listed parameters of the IT project model.
IT project management, in accordance with the Agile
methodology [
Prihozhy A. A., Zhdanouski A. M. proposed to
increase the efficiency of IT projects management by
optimizing development teams by evaluating their
professional competencies taking into account the
requirements for a specific project [
For optimal distribution of applicant programmers in
the team in order to improve the quality of IT projects
implementation, Ostroukh E.N. offers an approach based
on a combination of the classical model of resource
allocation, the Bee Colony algorithm, the Belbin R.M.
Team Roles Theory and the accounting of professional
qualities [
Artemov O. V. approaches the formation of teams
from the position of socionics: the presence of leadership
relationships, role composition [
The above approaches ensure the improvement of project management efficiency by managing the composition of project team participants.
Budyl'skiy A.V. explores the problem of distribution
of resources among project tasks and replacing them [
Antonova A. S. and Burkova I. V. develop new
approaches to planning business processes and project
work. Project management efficiency is improved by
creating new planning methods [
An analysis of existing approaches to improving the efficiency of IT projects management showed that efficiency is achieved by optimizing certain aspects of the IT projects management task and there are no integrated system approaches that implement a rational choice of parameters of the IT projects management system, providing integrated information processing and support for management decision-making at all stages of the project implementation.
The developed concept implies a transition from improving the efficiency of IT projects management by improving the efficiency of solving individual tasks to an integrated increase in the efficiency of IT projects management based on a set of interconnected methods.
The main advantage of the proposed concept is its flexibility: the ability to quickly and efficiently respond to both external (changing customer requirements) and internal (project team composition) changes.
The proposed concept provides solving the scientific
problem of increasing efficiency of IT projects
management using SADT methodology, cluster analysis,
COCOMO II method [
The concept of improving the efficiency of IT projects
management is based on further development of the Agile
software development management methodology [
The proposed concept is based on the following
principles:
1. an integrated approach to the synthesis of the structure
and composition of project teams, combining the
accounting of behavioral [
IT projects participants
Integrated processing of information about the results of the personal-psychological qualities analysis and the results of each project
participant's work Results of an integrated analysis of the personal-psychological qualities and the results of each participant's work
Synthesis of the composition and structure of project teams
Results of the project participants' work dynamically configuring the parameters of evolutionary modeling algorithms.
Improvement of IT projects management efficiency, in accordance with the proposed concept, is carried out by means of an integrated system approach to IT projects management that includes the formation of project teams and the distribution of IT project participants for tasks using evolutionary modeling algorithms and multilevel quality control of solving project tasks.
The distinctive features of the presented concept of improving the efficiency of IT projects management are: 1. an integrated system approach to improving the efficiency of IT projects management using modified evolutionary modeling algorithms to support decisionmaking in the process of: − synthesizing the composition and structure of project teams, taking into account the behavioral and professional competencies of candidates for participation in projects; − synthesizing the structure and composition of project tasks and allocating project team participants to tasks taking into account professional competencies. The degree of competencies ownership is determined based on the results of a multilevel assessment of the quality of solving project tasks; 2. integrated processing of information on the personal and psychological qualities of project participants, labor intensity and complexity of solving project tasks to reduce the number of iterations using adaptive evolutionary modeling algorithms that allows ensuring the fastest and most efficient formation of project teams and the distribution of participants in IT project teams to tasks.
A structural diagram of the concept of improving the efficiency of IT projects management based on adaptive evolutionary modeling algorithms is presented in Fig. 1.
Rational composition, structure and parameters of project teams
Rational allocation of project team participants to tasks
Improving the effectiveness of project teams formation management
Improving the efficiency of Improving the managing the distribution of List of tasks effectiveness of multilevel
IT project participants to to be quality control for solving
tasks monitored project tasks List of Results tasks of project prfoorjeIcTts IT projects sotalustkiosn Fig. 1. A structural diagram of the concept of improving the efficiency of IT projects management based on adaptive evolutionary modeling algorithms IT projects management system
Integrated processing
of information on the results of solving
project tasks Rational composition and structure of project tasks
List of tasks requiring improvement
Synthesis of the composition and structure
of project tasks Integrated support for decision-making on the distribution of project participants to tasks
Estimated labor intensity and time to solve project tasks
Management of IT-project as socio-economic system involves dynamic
change of parameters of control processes when parameters of internal processes of ITproject and parameters of external environment change. In accordance with the proposed concept, improving the efficiency of IT projects management is provided by configuring the parameters of evolutionary
modeling algorithms in the process of implementing IT projects, depending on changes in the internal parameters of the IT project processes and external environment parameters.
Improving efficiency by applying new approaches to solving IT projects management tasks is carried out at the following stages of project implementation: the formation of project teams, the distribution
of project team participants to tasks, multilevel quality control of tasks solving.
To solve the problems of forming project teams and distributing project team
participants to tasks in the management of IT projects, algorithms have
been developed to improve the efficiency of management based on evolutionary modeling, providing the possibility of implementing the main principles and features of the proposed concept.
The developed algorithms
are
implemented in a software complex for multilevel IT
projects management [
project is characterized by the following set: (3) (4)
The objective function of the task of improving the IT projects management efficiency
where = ( , is the IT project labor intensity.
The use of evolutionary modeling makes it possible to select the values of IT projects parameters that reduce , (5) labor intensity.
The process of forming a project team is the task of selecting project team participants taking into account their personal and psychological qualities, qualifications and specialization.
The scheme of the project team formation management process is shown in fig. 2.
The team composition is considered rational if it provides the greatest efficiency in terms of project implementation in the opinion of the project manager, as a decision-maker. In the process of evolutionary modeling, several variants of the composition of project teams are formed. When deciding on the composition of the project team, the project manager can take into account a number of factors that cannot be taken into account in the process of evolutionary modeling.
The features of the proposed scheme of the process of controlling the formation of the structure and composition of project teams are listed below.
teams participants based on the analysis of personal and psychological qualities using methods of cluster analysis, of knowledge, skills and abilities of project teams participants by applying methods of processing the results of solving project tasks. Pre-processing of information
accelerates the work of evolutionary modeling algorithms. 2. Synthesis of the rational composition and structure of project teams based on evolutionary modeling with the formation of a system
of restrictions due to the specifics of IT projects, in the process of configuring the parameters of evolutionary modeling algorithms in combination with the use of COCOMO II method and T. Saati’s paired comparison method by for estimation of project labor intensity.
The proposed scheme of the process of controlling the formation of the structure and composition of IT project teams provides integrated processing of information about candidates for participation in projects and increases the effectiveness of management decisions when forming project teams by the decision-maker.
ITproject = 〈Tasks, Participants〉, – the set of project tasks, (1) – the set of project teams participants. errors by the user. complexity of the task, technologies and tools used,
Each project task is characterized by the following set: Task = 〈Priority, TechTask, ComplexityTask, PUFD〉, (2) is the priority of the task,
is the probability of detecting ℎ
is is the The participants of project teams are characterized by In accordance with the proposed concept, the IT 1. Integrated processing of information about project where where
Participant = 〈LevelTech, Experience〉, is the level of knowledge of is experience with the following set: where
ℎ technologies and tools, technologies and tools.
Quality function for solving project tasks:
UserFindDefect
PUserDefect = AllFindDefects → min, where is the number of errors in the program detected by users; total number of errors in the program detected during the is the program operation.
[Введите текст] Results of psychological tests of project participants
Integrated processing of information about the personal
psychological qualities of projects participants based on the results of psychological tests
Integrated processing of information on the results of solving tasks by each project participant
The process of managing the distribution of IT projects teams participants to tasks involves determining the composition and structure of project tasks, taking into account the rational distribution of project team participants to tasks.
The scheme for solving the problem is shown in Fig. 3.
The features of the proposed scheme of the process of managing the distribution of projects teams participants to tasks are listed below. 1. Integrated information processing in the synthesis process the composition and structure of project tasks using SADT methodology for decomposing the task into subtasks, COCOMO II method for estimation of the project labor intensity in combination with T. Saati’s paired comparison method to evaluate the complexity of tasks. The proposed information processing procedure provides a comprehensive assessment of the feasibility of decomposing project tasks into subtasks in terms of the labor intensity of IT projects as a whole. The results obtained are the initial data for evolutionary modeling algorithms used in the distribution of participants in IT projects teams to tasks. 2. Distribution of projects teams participants to tasks using evolutionary modeling algorithms with the formation of a system of restrictions due to the specifics of IT projects, in the process of configuring the parameters of evolutionary modeling algorithms. The proposed scheme of the process for managing the allocating of IT projects teams participants to tasks provides integrated information processing and improves the efficiency of management decisions when forming the composition and structure of project tasks, assigning of IT projects teams participants to tasks. [Введите текст] [Введите текст] Saving the received solution
Yes Distribution rational
No Evaluation by the decision-maker of distribution of project teams participants
to tasks Allocation based on evolutionary modeling algorithms of project teams participants to
tasks Composition and structure of project teams
Composition and structure of project tasks Decomposing a task into subtasks
based on SADT methodology Estimation of the level of complexity of tasks based on T. Saati method before and after decomposition Evaluation of the project's labor intensity based on COCOMO II method before and
after task decomposition Yes
Does labor intensity decrease?
No
Selecting a next task to decompose
No Are all tasks considered?
Yes
Multilevel control of the solution of
project tasks
The proposed approach to improving the efficiency of
IT projects management was implemented when creating
the corporate information system (CIS) of
“SMITYartsevo” LLC. The purpose of the IT project was to
improve the efficiency of management processes through
automation. In the process of automation, a preliminary
assessment of the effectiveness of algorithms for planning
processes in the CIS and a rational choice of algorithms’
parameters were carried out [
To implement the project to create the CIS in accordance with the proposed integrated system approach, the project manager formed a team of developers. When forming the team, in addition to professional competencies, the personal and psychological qualities of the developers were taken into account.
The composition and structure of the project tasks corresponded to the classic functionality of the ERP system. In the CIS of “SMIT-Yartsevo” LLC were implemented product specification processes in a specialized pricing module, sales and production planning, demand management, material requirements planning, material supply planning. Each task of the development of CIS has been decomposed into subtasks. The composition and structure of the tasks was optimized in terms of minimizing the labor intensity and time of the project implementation. COCOMO II method was used to assess the labor intensity of tasks solving.
Traditional approaches to the implementation of CIS are aimed at changing the business processes of the enterprise to adapt to one of the standard CIS configurations. A distinctive feature of the IT project for the creation of the CIS of “SMIT-Yartsevo” LLC was the automation of management processes adapted to the business processes of the enterprise. During the development of the system, the algorithms of management processes implemented in the CIS were optimized from the point of view of production and economic indicators of the enterprise.
Multilevel testing of CIS modules was performed by employees and heads of structural divisions of “SMITYartsevo” LLC. Based on the results of the assessment of the quality of work, the project manager was made decisions to change the composition of the project team participants.
The development of the CIS of “SMIT-Yartsevo” LLC made it possible to ensure an annual increase in sales of products by 20%, reduce the number of products not completed by the time they were launched into production by 50%, and reduce the number of orders that were not completed on time by 80%.
The estimated economic effect obtained by applying the proposed integrated system approach to improving the efficiency of IT project management in combination with integrated production automation amounted to about 4 million Russian rubles (the estimated economic effect confirmed by the act of implementation).
The new concept of improving the efficiency of IT project management is proposed, based on the integrated system approach to IT project management, including the formation of the structure and composition of project teams and the distribution of project team participants to project tasks using evolutionary modeling algorithms.
As a result of applying the proposed concept of
improving management efficiency in the implementation
of educational IT projects [
The use of the proposed integrated system approach in
the creation of the CIS of “SMIT-Yartsevo” LLC made it
possible to ensure an increase in the efficiency of
managing the formation of project teams and the
distribution of tasks among the participants in the project
teams. The implementation of the project on the creation
of the CIS of “SMIT-Yartsevo” LLC ensured the increase
in sales volumes, the reduction in the number of products
not completed by the time of launch into production and
the reduction in the number of orders not completed on
time [
The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 19-07-00844.