=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-2763/CPT2020_paper_s7-5
|storemode=property
|title=Integrated System Approach to Improving the Efficiency of IT Projects Management Based on Evolutionary Modeling
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2763/CPT2020_paper_s7-5.pdf
|volume=Vol-2763
|authors=Alena Zakharova,Konstantin Zakharchenkov,Yulia Vaynilovich
}}
==Integrated System Approach to Improving the Efficiency of IT Projects Management Based on Evolutionary Modeling==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2763/CPT2020_paper_s7-5.pdf
Integrated system approach to improving the efficiency of IT projects
management based on evolutionary modeling
A.A.Zakharova1, K.V.Zakharchenkov2, Yu.V.Vaynilovich2
zaa@tu-bryansk.ru, zaharchenkovkv@mail.ru, Ylia.v@tut.by
1
Bryansk State Technical University, Bryansk, Russia
2
Inter-State Educational Institution of Higher Education «Belarusian-Russian University», Mogilev, Belarus
The concept of improving the efficiency of IT projects management is proposed, based on an integrated system approach to IT
projects management and implementing a rational choice of parameters of the IT projects management system. The described approach
provides integrated information processing and support for management decision-making at all stages of the IT project implementation.
The integrated system approach to improving the efficiency of IT projects management involves the development of new algorithms for
forming structure and composition of project teams and distribution of project team participants to project tasks using evolutionary
modeling. The advantage of the proposed approach is the ability to quickly respond to changes in the parameters of internal processes
of an IT project and an external environment. The proposed approach was tested when creating the corporate information system of
“SMIT-Yartsevo” LLC. The application of the proposed approach at “SMIT-Yartsevo” LLC ensured the reduction in the labor intensity
and timing of the implementation of the main stages of the project to create the corporate information system by increasing the efficiency
of managing the formation of project teams and the distribution of tasks among project team participants.
Keywords: IT projects management, evolutionary modeling, project team, project tasks.
competencies of project participants are not taken into
1. Introduction account.
The IT projects management system is an active The above approaches ensure the improvement of
system [1, 2], the conceptual model of which can be project management efficiency by managing the
described by the following parameters: personal qualities, composition of project team participants.
knowledge, skills of project team participants, structure Budyl'skiy A.V. explores the problem of distribution
and composition of project teams, structure and of resources among project tasks and replacing them [7].
composition of project tasks, project management Antonova A. S. and Burkova I. V. develop new
methods and technologies. approaches to planning business processes and project
Approaches to improving the efficiency of IT projects work. Project management efficiency is improved by
management can affect any of the listed parameters of the creating new planning methods [8, 9].
IT project model. An analysis of existing approaches to improving the
IT project management, in accordance with the Agile efficiency of IT projects management showed that
methodology [3], has the following specific features: efficiency is achieved by optimizing certain aspects of the
− significant influence of personal and psychological IT projects management task and there are no integrated
qualities of project team participants on the system approaches that implement a rational choice of
effectiveness of project tasks solution; parameters of the IT projects management system,
− the need to constantly change the composition and providing integrated information processing and support
structure of project tasks depending on changes in for management decision-making at all stages of the
customer requirements; project implementation.
The developed concept implies a transition from
− the constant change in customer requirements
improving the efficiency of IT projects management by
necessitates the use of flexible development
improving the efficiency of solving individual tasks to an
methodologies that allow dynamic redistribution of
integrated increase in the efficiency of IT projects
tasks between performers in the project
management based on a set of interconnected methods.
implementation process.
The main advantage of the proposed concept is its
Prihozhy A. A., Zhdanouski A. M. proposed to
flexibility: the ability to quickly and efficiently respond to
increase the efficiency of IT projects management by
both external (changing customer requirements) and
optimizing development teams by evaluating their
internal (project team composition) changes.
professional competencies taking into account the
The proposed concept provides solving the scientific
requirements for a specific project [4].
problem of increasing efficiency of IT projects
For optimal distribution of applicant programmers in
management using SADT methodology, cluster analysis,
the team in order to improve the quality of IT projects
COCOMO II method [10] (modified on the basis of
implementation, Ostroukh E.N. offers an approach based
T. Saati’s paired comparison method), the method of
on a combination of the classical model of resource
expert estimates [11], evolutionary modeling algorithms
allocation, the Bee Colony algorithm, the Belbin R.M.
[12, 13], and multilevel quality control of project tasks
Team Roles Theory and the accounting of professional
solving.
qualities [5].
Artemov O. V. approaches the formation of teams
from the position of socionics: the presence of leadership
relationships, role composition [6]. The professional
Copyright © 2020 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY
4.0)
2. Theoretical foundations of IT projects dynamically configuring the parameters of
management concept based on evolutionary evolutionary modeling algorithms.
modeling Improvement of IT projects management efficiency, in
accordance with the proposed concept, is carried out by
The concept of improving the efficiency of IT projects
means of an integrated system approach to IT projects
management is based on further development of the Agile
management that includes the formation of project teams
software development management methodology [3],
and the distribution of IT project participants for tasks
further development of methods for building project teams
using evolutionary modeling algorithms and multilevel
that comprehensively take into account behavioral and
quality control of solving project tasks.
professional competencies [14, 15], of methods for
The distinctive features of the presented concept of
allocating resources to project tasks with the purpose to
improving the efficiency of IT projects management are:
improve the efficiency of IT projects management with the
1. an integrated system approach to improving the
adaptation of evolutionary modeling algorithms to solve
efficiency of IT projects management using modified
these problems, and the methodology of structural
evolutionary modeling algorithms to support decision-
analysis, labor cost estimation.
making in the process of:
The proposed concept is based on the following
− synthesizing the composition and structure of project
principles:
teams, taking into account the behavioral and
1. an integrated approach to the synthesis of the structure
professional competencies of candidates for
and composition of project teams, combining the
participation in projects;
accounting of behavioral [14, 15] and professional
competencies of candidates for participation in the − synthesizing the structure and composition of project
implementation of the project using evolutionary tasks and allocating project team participants to tasks
modeling algorithms in combination with COCOMO taking into account professional competencies. The
II method and T. Saati’s paired comparison method degree of competencies ownership is determined based
with the adjustment of algorithms parameters when on the results of a multilevel assessment of the quality
changing system and external environment parameters; of solving project tasks;
2. synthesis of the composition and structure of the 2. integrated processing of information on the personal
project tasks taking into account the integrated and psychological qualities of project participants,
processing of information on the distribution of project labor intensity and complexity of solving project tasks
team participants for tasks by adapting evolutionary to reduce the number of iterations using adaptive
modeling algorithms in combination with COCOMO evolutionary modeling algorithms that allows ensuring
II method and the T. Saati’s paired comparison method the fastest and most efficient formation of project
to solve this task; teams and the distribution of participants in IT project
3. an integrated support for decision-making at each step teams to tasks.
of the IT project implementation when changing A structural diagram of the concept of improving the
system (composition and structure of participants) and efficiency of IT projects management based on adaptive
external (composition and structure of tasks) factors by evolutionary modeling algorithms is presented in Fig. 1.
IT projects management system
IT projects Integrated processing of
participants information about the results
of the personal-psychological Results of Integrated processing List of tasks requiring
qualities analysis and the the project of information improvement
results of each project participants' on the results of solving
participant's work work project tasks
Results of an integrated analysis Rational composition and
of the personal-psychological Synthesis of the
structure of project tasks
qualities and the results of each composition and structure
participant's work of project tasks
Integrated support for
Synthesis of the decision-making on the Estimated labor intensity and
composition and structure distribution of project time to solve project tasks
of project teams participants to tasks
Rational composition,
Rational allocation of project
structure and parameters
team participants to tasks
of project teams
Improving the Improving the efficiency of Improving the
effectiveness of project managing the distribution of List of tasks effectiveness of multilevel
teams formation IT project participants to to be quality control for solving
List of management tasks project tasks Results
monitored
tasks of project
for IT IT projects tasks
projects solution
Fig. 1. A structural diagram of the concept of improving the efficiency of IT projects management based on adaptive evolutionary
modeling algorithms
Management of IT-project as socio-economic system The objective function of the task of improving the IT
involves dynamic change of parameters of control projects management efficiency
processes when parameters of internal processes of IT- 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸(𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇, 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃) → 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚, (5)
project and parameters of external environment change. In where 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 is the IT project labor intensity.
accordance with the proposed concept, improving the The use of evolutionary modeling makes it possible to
efficiency of IT projects management is provided by select the values of IT projects parameters that reduce
configuring the parameters of evolutionary modeling labor intensity.
algorithms in the process of implementing IT projects,
depending on changes in the internal parameters of the IT 4. Improving the efficiency of managing the
project processes and external environment parameters. formation of the structure and composition
Improving efficiency by applying new approaches to of IT projects teams
solving IT projects management tasks is carried out at the The process of forming a project team is the task of
following stages of project implementation: the formation selecting project team participants taking into account
of project teams, the distribution of project team their personal and psychological qualities, qualifications
participants to tasks, multilevel quality control of tasks and specialization.
solving. The scheme of the project team formation management
To solve the problems of forming project teams and process is shown in fig. 2.
distributing project team participants to tasks in the The team composition is considered rational if it
management of IT projects, algorithms have been provides the greatest efficiency in terms of project
developed to improve the efficiency of management based implementation in the opinion of the project manager, as a
on evolutionary modeling, providing the possibility of decision-maker. In the process of evolutionary modeling,
implementing the main principles and features of the several variants of the composition of project teams are
proposed concept. The developed algorithms are formed. When deciding on the composition of the project
implemented in a software complex for multilevel IT team, the project manager can take into account a number
projects management [16]. of factors that cannot be taken into account in the process
of evolutionary modeling.
3. Formalization of the posing of the task of
The features of the proposed scheme of the process of
improving the IT projects management
controlling the formation of the structure and composition
efficiency
of project teams are listed below.
In accordance with the proposed concept, the IT 1. Integrated processing of information about project
project is characterized by the following set: teams participants based on the analysis of personal
ITproject = 〈Tasks, Participants〉, (1) and psychological qualities using methods of cluster
where 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 – the set of project tasks, 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 analysis, of knowledge, skills and abilities of project
– the set of project teams participants. teams participants by applying methods of processing
Each project task is characterized by the following set: the results of solving project tasks. Pre-processing of
Task = 〈Priority, TechTask , ComplexityTask , PUFD 〉, (2) information accelerates the work of evolutionary
where 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 is the priority of the task, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇ℎ 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 is modeling algorithms.
technologies and tools used, 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 is the 2. Synthesis of the rational composition and structure of
complexity of the task, 𝑃𝑃𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 is the probability of detecting project teams based on evolutionary modeling with the
errors by the user. formation of a system of restrictions due to the
The participants of project teams are characterized by specifics of IT projects, in the process of configuring
the following set: the parameters of evolutionary modeling algorithms in
Participant = 〈LevelTech , Experience〉, (3) combination with the use of COCOMO II method and
where 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇ℎ is the level of knowledge of T. Saati’s paired comparison method by for estimation
technologies and tools, 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 is experience with of project labor intensity.
technologies and tools. The proposed scheme of the process of controlling the
Quality function for solving project tasks: formation of the structure and composition of IT project
PUserDefect =
UserFindDefect
→ min, (4) teams provides integrated processing of information about
AllFindDefects candidates for participation in projects and increases the
where 𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 is the number of errors in effectiveness of management decisions when forming
the program detected by users; 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 is the project teams by the decision-maker.
total number of errors in the program detected during the
program operation.
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Results of psychological
tests of project
participants Composition and structure
of project tasks
Preliminary integrated processing of
Integrated processing of information on project teams
information about the personal- participants based on cluster analysis Evaluation of project labor
psychological qualities of to accelerate the work of evolutionary intensity based on the
projects participants based on modeling algorithms COCOMO II method
the results of psychological tests
Synthesis of the composition and Ranking projects
Integrated processing of structure of project teams based on by priority based on the
information on the results evolutionary modeling algorithms T. Saati method
of solving tasks by each
project participant
Evaluation of teams composition and Saving the solution
structure by the decision-maker
No Is the team Yes
Results of multilevel
control of solving IT composition rational? Composition and
projects tasks structure of project teams
Fig. 2. Scheme of the process of managing the formation of the structure and composition of IT projects teams
Saati’s paired comparison method to evaluate the
5. Improving the efficiency of managing the complexity of tasks. The proposed information
distribution of IT projects teams participants processing procedure provides a comprehensive
to tasks assessment of the feasibility of decomposing project
The process of managing the distribution of IT projects tasks into subtasks in terms of the labor intensity of IT
teams participants to tasks involves determining the projects as a whole. The results obtained are the initial
composition and structure of project tasks, taking into data for evolutionary modeling algorithms used in the
account the rational distribution of project team participants distribution of participants in IT projects teams to tasks.
to tasks. 2. Distribution of projects teams participants to tasks using
The scheme for solving the problem is shown in Fig. 3. evolutionary modeling algorithms with the formation of
The features of the proposed scheme of the process of a system of restrictions due to the specifics of IT
managing the distribution of projects teams participants to projects, in the process of configuring the parameters of
tasks are listed below. evolutionary modeling algorithms. The proposed
1. Integrated information processing in the synthesis scheme of the process for managing the allocating of IT
process the composition and structure of project projects teams participants to tasks provides integrated
tasks using SADT methodology for decomposing the information processing and improves the efficiency of
task into subtasks, COCOMO II method for estimation management decisions when forming the composition
of the project labor intensity in combination with T. and structure of project tasks, assigning of IT projects
teams participants to tasks.
[Введите текст] [Введите текст] [Введите текст]
Saving the
received Composition and
solution structure of project tasks
Yes
No Selecting a next
Distribution rational
task to decompose
Decomposing a task into subtasks
based on SADT methodology
Evaluation by the No
decision-maker of
distribution of project Estimation of the level of complexity
teams participants of tasks based on T. Saati method
Multilevel control
to tasks before and after decomposition Are all tasks Yes of the solution of
considered? project tasks
Allocation based on Evaluation of the project's labor intensity
evolutionary modeling based on COCOMO II method before and
algorithms of project after task decomposition
teams participants to
tasks Results of multilevel
control of solving IT
Yes Does labor intensity No projects tasks
decrease?
Composition and structure
of project teams
Fig. 3. Scheme of the process for managing the allocating of IT projects teams participants to tasks
6. Approbation of the proposed approach while the creation of the CIS of “SMIT-Yartsevo” LLC was the
improving the efficiency of projects automation of management processes adapted to the
management for the creation of corporate business processes of the enterprise. During the
information systems development of the system, the algorithms of management
processes implemented in the CIS were optimized from
The proposed approach to improving the efficiency of
the point of view of production and economic indicators of
IT projects management was implemented when creating
the enterprise.
the corporate information system (CIS) of “SMIT-
Multilevel testing of CIS modules was performed by
Yartsevo” LLC. The purpose of the IT project was to
employees and heads of structural divisions of “SMIT-
improve the efficiency of management processes through
Yartsevo” LLC. Based on the results of the assessment of
automation. In the process of automation, a preliminary
the quality of work, the project manager was made
assessment of the effectiveness of algorithms for planning
decisions to change the composition of the project team
processes in the CIS and a rational choice of algorithms’
participants.
parameters were carried out [17].
The development of the CIS of “SMIT-Yartsevo” LLC
To implement the project to create the CIS in
made it possible to ensure an annual increase in sales of
accordance with the proposed integrated system approach,
products by 20%, reduce the number of products not
the project manager formed a team of developers. When
completed by the time they were launched into production
forming the team, in addition to professional
by 50%, and reduce the number of orders that were not
competencies, the personal and psychological qualities of
completed on time by 80%.
the developers were taken into account.
The estimated economic effect obtained by applying
The composition and structure of the project tasks
the proposed integrated system approach to improving the
corresponded to the classic functionality of the ERP
efficiency of IT project management in combination with
system. In the CIS of “SMIT-Yartsevo” LLC were
integrated production automation amounted to about 4
implemented product specification processes in a
million Russian rubles (the estimated economic effect
specialized pricing module, sales and production planning,
confirmed by the act of implementation).
demand management, material requirements planning,
material supply planning. Each task of the development of 7. Conclusion
CIS has been decomposed into subtasks. The composition
and structure of the tasks was optimized in terms of The new concept of improving the efficiency of IT
minimizing the labor intensity and time of the project project management is proposed, based on the integrated
implementation. COCOMO II method was used to assess system approach to IT project management, including the
the labor intensity of tasks solving. formation of the structure and composition of project
Traditional approaches to the implementation of CIS teams and the distribution of project team participants to
are aimed at changing the business processes of the project tasks using evolutionary modeling algorithms.
enterprise to adapt to one of the standard CIS As a result of applying the proposed concept of
configurations. A distinctive feature of the IT project for improving management efficiency in the implementation
of educational IT projects [19], in addition to reducing the
labor intensity of project implementation, significant CIT&DS 2017, Communications in Computer and
improvement of quality indicators of training of IT- Information Science, Vol. 754, Springer
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