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  <front>
    <journal-meta />
    <article-meta>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Table of Contents</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Shefali Virkar</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Marijn Janssen</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Ida Lindgren</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Ulf Melin</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Francesco Mureddu</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Peter Parycek</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Efthimios Tambouris</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Gerhard Schwabe</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Hans Jochen Scholl</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Ilka Kawashita</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Ana Alice Baptista</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Delfina Soares</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <string-name>David Osimo, Francesco Mureddu, Vassilios Peristeras, Anita Cioffi, Cristina Moise, Charlotte van</string-name>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff0">
          <label>0</label>
          <institution>Andrei Chugunov</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>Yury Kabanov, Georgy Panfilov</addr-line>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution>Angie Westover-Muñoz</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>David Landsbergen, Amanda M. Girth</addr-line>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution>Olga Filatova</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>Radomir Bolgov</addr-line>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <abstract>
        <p>Maria Murphy</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec id="sec-1">
      <title>Ooijen</title>
      <p>An Assessment of Open Government Data Benchmark Instruments .............................................. 29
Towards an Open Data Research Ecosystem in Croatia ...................................................................... 59</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-2">
      <title>Alexopoulos</title>
      <p>Regional E-Participation Portals Evaluation: Preliminary Results from Russia............................. 71
Citizen Engagement in Technically Dynamic Environments............................................................. 79
The Relationship Between Outbound and Inbound Communication in Government-to-Citizen
Interaction ................................................................................................................................................... 107</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-3">
      <title>Christian Ø. Madsen, Willem Pieterson, Sara Hofmann</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-4">
      <title>Jesper Holgersson, Max Ellgren</title>
      <p>The Use of Blockchain Technology in Digital Coproduction: The Case of Barcelona ................ 125
Exploring Open IT-based Co-creation in Government: A Revelatory Case Study....................... 135
Local Leadership for Public Digital Transformation Towards Smart Cities Reflections from
Leaders......................................................................................................................................................... 145
Small Town vs. Big City: A Comparative Study on the Role of Public Libraries in the
Development of Smart Communities.................................................................................................... 155
The Impact of Smart City Initiatives on Human Rights .................................................................... 165
Analysing e-Government through the Multi-Level Governance Lens - An Exploratory Study in
Belgium ....................................................................................................................................................... 175</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-5">
      <title>Maxim Chantillon, Anthony Simonosfki, Thomas Tombal, Rink Kruk, Joep Crompvoets, Monique</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-6">
      <title>Snoeck</title>
      <p>Diffusion of E-services: Data from Seven Swedish Municipalities ................................................ 185</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-7">
      <title>Leif Sundberg</title>
      <p>Digicampus Preliminary Lessons from a Quadruple Helix Ecosystem for Public Service
Innovation................................................................................................................................................... 195</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-8">
      <title>Nitesh Bharosa, Marijn Janssen</title>
      <p>Understanding the Role of Intermediaries in Digital Government: The Case of Immigration
Services........................................................................................................................................................ 205</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-9">
      <title>Luz Maria Garcia-Garcia, J. Ramon Gil-Garcia</title>
      <p>Strengthening Health Systems in Low-Income Countries: A Stakeholder Engagement
Framework .................................................................................................................................................. 215</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-10">
      <title>Diana Frost, Mufti Mahmud</title>
      <p>Who is the Target User of a Patient Record System?.......................................................................... 223</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-11">
      <title>Pasi Raatikainen, Samuli Pekkola</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-12">
      <title>Inayat Ullah, Wafa Akhoubzi</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-13">
      <title>Ida Lindgren</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-14">
      <title>Per Rådberg Nagbøl, Oliver Müller</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-15">
      <title>Colin van Noordt, Rony Medaglia, Gianluca Misuraca</title>
      <p>Lost in Translation: Enterprise Architecture in e-Government Projects......................................... 279</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-16">
      <title>Martin L</title>
      <p>Addressing Lock-in Effects in the Public Sector: How Can Organisations Deploy a SaaS
Solution While Maintaining Control of Their Digital Assets? ........................................................ 289</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-17">
      <title>Björn Lundell, Jonas Gamalielsson, Andrew Katz</title>
      <p>Ambidextrous Policy: Cross-Country Comparison of Policies for the Digitalization of
Healthcare ................................................................................................................................................... 297</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-18">
      <title>Michael Kizito, Johan Magnusson</title>
      <p>Collective Data Analytics Capability Building Processes: a Governance Model ......................... 307</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-19">
      <title>Boriana Rukanova, Anneke Zuiderwijk-van Eijk, Moorchana Das, Yao Hua Tan, Toni Männistö</title>
      <p>When Worlds Collide: Comparing the Logic of the Industrial and Welfare Societies ................ 317</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-20">
      <title>Annika Hasselblad, Leif Sundberg</title>
      <p>Detecting and Generalizing Quasi-Identifiers by Affecting Singletons......................................... 327</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-21">
      <title>Matteo Pastore, Maria Angela Pellegrino, Vittorio Scarano</title>
      <sec id="sec-21-1">
        <title>Reflections &amp; Viewpoints</title>
        <p>Stealth Democracy? Searching for a Democratic Middle-Ground................................................... 339</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-22">
      <title>Marius Rohde Johannessen, Lasse Berntzen</title>
      <p>Stakeholder Involvement in City Transformation: Towards a Smart Old Town ......................... 347</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-23">
      <title>Ulrika Lundh Snis, Irene Bernhard, Anna Karin Olsson</title>
      <p>Borderlines for Smart Police Work ........................................................................................................ 351</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-24">
      <title>Jörn von Lucke</title>
      <sec id="sec-24-1">
        <title>Workshops</title>
        <p>SPIDER: open SPatial data Infrastructure eDucation nEtwoRk ...................................................... 355</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-25">
      <title>Bastiaan van Loenen, Ali Mansourian, Frederika Welle Donker</title>
      <p>Assessment of the Use of Artificial Intelligence to Support Public Services: Methodology and
Roadmap...................................................................................................................................................... 359</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-26">
      <title>Anne Fleur van Veenstra, Gabriela Bodea, Tjerk Timan, Gianluca Misuraca, Colin van Noordt</title>
      <sec id="sec-26-1">
        <title>Posters</title>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-27">
      <title>Daniel Toll, Fredrik Söderström</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-28">
      <title>Fritz Meiners, Fabian Kirstein</title>
      <p>ENDA: Insights into Building a Chatbot for Open Government Data........................................... 371
Where Does the Value of Open Data Lie? A Framework to Assess Open Data Impacts ........... 375</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
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</article>