=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-2824/paper11
|storemode=property
|title=Algorithm for Forming the Offer of Educational Services by Higher Education Institutions to Improve the Technology of Processing Educational Content by Potential Entrants
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2824/paper11.pdf
|volume=Vol-2824
|authors=Anna Shilinh,Pavlo Zhezhnych,Natalya Shakhovska
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/itas/ShilinhZS21
}}
==Algorithm for Forming the Offer of Educational Services by Higher Education Institutions to Improve the Technology of Processing Educational Content by Potential Entrants ==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2824/paper11.pdf
Algorithm for Forming the Offer of Educational Services by
Higher Education Institutions to Improve the Technology of
Processing Educational Content by Potential Entrants
Anna Shilinha, Pavlo Zhezhnycha and Natalya Shakhovskaa
a
Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, S. Bandery str., Lviv, 79000, Ukraine
Abstract
The aim of this article is the algorithm for forming the offer of educational services by higher
education institutions. This will improve the technology of processing educational information
by potential entrants. The article examines the formation of the offer of educational services
by higher education institutions that based on the concept of related connection of specialties
of higher education institutions. The possibility of additional informing potential consumers of
educational services about the availability of specialties that are relate to the chosen specialty
was established. The article formed a differentiation of related groups for the chosen specialty
in accordance with the possibility of other specialties to replace it during the entry campaign
based on the interests and motivational intentions of potential entrants. The article proposes an
algorithm for forming the offer of educational services of a higher education institution for
potential entrants on the basis of available certificates of external independent evaluation. It
established in the article that the expansion of the offer of educational services provides
additional information to entrants about the availability of specialties that have a related
connection of group I, II, III to the chosen specialty. The results of the study are used and can
be used for effective planning of educational services by higher education institutions and
forecasting the contingent of students during the entry campaign.
Keywords 1
Entrant, related connection, external independent evaluation, entry campaign, educational
information, offer of educational services.
1. Introduction
Higher education institutions (HEI) are the center of professional development of young people
today. The entry campaign is the first stage of professional choice for the younger generation, which is
based on the interests and motivational intentions of potential applicants. An indicator of the range of
interests of potential entrants is the available certificates of external independent evaluation (EIE).
Potential entrants choose a specialty or institution of higher education during the entry campaign. The
main indicator of the choice of potential applicants is the quantity and volume of these priorities.
Potential consumers of educational services do not always have complete information about all
specialties for entry with existing EIT certificates when they choosing a higher education institution.
This is because HEIs annually update the catalog of educational services and open new promising
specialties for entry. According to the results of the study [1], some specialties of HEI are not popular
among consumers of educational services. Moreover, the number of entrance applications and enrolled
applicants does not cover the licensed volume of the specialty.
Given the fact that for different specialties of higher education there is a certain set of certificates, it
can be argued that there is a need to further inform potential consumers of educational services about
the availability of all specialties that take into account their interests. This, in turn, provides an
IT&AS’2021: Symposium on Information Technologies & Applied Sciences, March 5, 2021, Bratislava, Slovakia
EMAIL anna.i.synko@lpnu.ua (A. Shilinh); kmolodetska@gmail.com (P. Zhezhnych); nataliya.b.shakhovska@lpnu.ua (N. Shakhovska)
ORCID: 0000-0003-1063-3437 (A. Shilinh); 0000-0002-2044-5408 (P. Zhezhnych); 0000-0002-6875-8534 (N. Shakhovska)
©️ 2021 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)
opportunity to expand the offer of HEI’ educational services for potential entrants and the opportunity
to get an answer to the question "where can I go with the available certificates." It also creates an
opportunity "not to lose your student" for HEI. That is why the article proposes to improve the
technology of processing educational information for entrants of higher education institutions during
the entry campaign on the base of existing specialties of higher education and the range of interests of
potential consumers of educational services.
Thus, the aim of this study is to improve the technology of processing education information of
higher education institutions for potential entrants during the entry campaign.
The results of the study can be used to improve the user interface of reference systems of higher
education institutions for potential applicants. This forms the practical significance of the research
work.
2. Related works
The process of choosing a specialty and HEI takes place long before the official conduct of the entry
campaign. Communicative activities during the entry campaign [2, 3] and the establishment of feedback
[4] form the perception of potential applicants about existing specialties and HEI in general [5-6]. In
particular, the importance of the impact of communicative activities of participants in the educational
process in the web space is the subject of research [7]. In [8-10] the algorithm of the choice of
discussions of the virtual community suitable for influence on internal information space are presents.
Motivational intentions of potential entrants [11-13] and social influences [14-16] are directly
involved in the process of choosing a specialty or HEI future entrant.
During the entry campaign, the HEI must take into account the factors that influence the formation
of demand and supply of educational services, taking into account the global dimension of the HEI
[17,18] and its strategic management [19-22]. In particular, taking into account the factors influencing
the process of choosing a higher education institution by a potential entrant allows determining the
mechanism of influence on the formation of the student body and the multilevel process of creating an
information image of the university [23-25]. Continuous monitoring of the quality of the entry system
[26-29] and quality control of information activities on the Internet [30-33] is a necessary condition for
the effective and competitive operation of higher education institutions in the market of educational
services.
Existing studies of planning the provision of educational services are bases on the formation of the
offer of educational services and identifying the dependence of the choice of specialties in accordance
with the motivational intentions of potential entrants to predict the contingent of consumers of
educational services based on the entry campaign. Nevertheless, none of the studies considers the
improvement of educational information processing technology for entrants to higher education
institutions during the entry campaign based on additional information to entrants about existing
specialties, taking into account their interests, which forms the relevance and novelty of this study.
3. The concept of related relations and its types
Potential entrants gets acquainted with the offer of educational services of the HEI, when they
choosing a specialty and / or a higher education institution. In the general case, the offer of educational
services for potential entrants has the form [1]:
EntryYear, Speci , EduLevel, EduForm, Department, (1)
Edu Pr opositioni =
EntryCoursei , LicQuantity i , Edu Pr ogrami
where EntryYear − year of entry, Speci – the i-th specialty in the list of preparation of HEI, EduLevel
– education level, EduForm − form of education, Department − the department of the HEI, which
carries out training, EntryCoursei – list of HEI’s subjects for entry to the i-th specialty, LicQuantityi −
license quantity of the i-th specialty, Edu Pr ogrami − information about the educational program of the
i-th specialty.
Each specialty has a related connection to the other one.
A related connection is the ability of one specialty to replace another during the entry campaign
without affecting the interests of the potential entrant.
According to the related connection, specialties can divided into the following groups:
Group I is the specialty with a strong connection. Such specialties have the same compulsory
subjects and elective subjects for passing the external independent examination.
Group II is specialties with secondary connection. The same list of compulsory subjects of external
independent evaluation and one of the elective subjects characterize these specialties.
Group III is specialties with a weak connection. One of the compulsory subjects is in the list of
elective subjects of another specialty, and the elective one is the compulsory one characterize these
specialties.
Group IV is specialties without related connection. These specialties cannot replace each other
during the entry campaign, as the sets of required certificates are completely different or only one of
the subjects from the total set coincides.
Types of related connections of specialties are presents in Помилка! Джерело посилання не
знайдено..
Table 1
Types of related connection
Specialty subjects Compulsory Elective Elective Elective
subject subject 1 subject 2 subject 3
HEI specialty
Group I
Group ІІ
Group ІІІ
Group IV
Specialties that belong to groups I, II and III, given the opportunity to enter one of the specialties
that take into account the interests of potential entrants with existing certificates of external independent
evaluation. That is why HEI has the opportunity to expand the offer of educational services for potential
entrants and fully meet the needs of consumers of educational services, taking into account their
interests.
Thus, the expanded offer of educational services by higher education institutions during the entry
campaign has the form:
EntryYear, Speci , EduLevel, EduForm, Department, EntryCoursei , (2)
EntryEdu Pr opositioni =
Re lateEntryCoursei( I , I , III ) , LicQuantityi , Edu Pr ogrami
where EntryYear − year of entry, Speci – the i-th specialty in the list of HEI, EduLevel – education
level, EduForm − form of education, Department −department of HEI, EntryCoursei – list of subjects
of HEI for entry to the i-th specialty, Re lateEntryCoursei( I ,I , III ) – specialties that have a related
connection of groups I, II, III in relation to the i-th specialty of entry. LicQuantityi − license quantity of
the i-th specialty, Edu Pr ogrami − information about the educational program of the i-th specialty.
Thus, the expansion of the offer of educational services provides additional information to entrants
about the availability of related specialties that have a related connection of group I, II, III. This allows
improving the technology of processing educational information for entrants to the HEI during the entry
campaign.
This approach, on the one hand, has significantly expanded the opportunities to entry for potential
entrants depending on the subjects of external independent evaluation, and on the other is to increase
the number of potential entrants for specialties that are not very popular but are no less important for
the chosen specialty or meeting the needs of potential applicants.
4. Algorithm for forming the offer of educational services by higher education
institutions
The formation of the offer of educational services by higher education institutions for
potential entrants during the entry campaign is based on the availability of the necessary certificates
of external independent evaluation. The algorithm for forming the offer of educational services takes
into account only the presence of a related connection of group I, II, III, as they can satisfy the interests
of a potential entrant. Since the subjects that form II and III groups of the related connection do not
differ in the number and actual list of subjects, so in the algorithm of forming the offer of educational
services of HEI are derived by a common set of specialties. Formation of the offer of educational
services of HEI for potential entrants occurs on the following steps:
1. 𝐸𝑛𝑡𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑙 is the set of available certificates of external independent evaluation of the l-th
potential entrant.
2. 𝐻𝐸𝐼𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑘 is the set of HEI specialty (𝑘 = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
1, 𝑁(𝐻𝐸𝐼𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒).
3. 𝐼𝑅𝑒𝑙𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒 is the set of specialties that have a related connection of group I.
4. 𝐼𝐼𝑅𝑒𝑙𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒 is the set of specialties that have a related connection of group II and III.
5. For each i-th specialty of HEI we define a set of subjects which are common for a set of
certificates of external independent estimation of the potential entrant and the certain list of subjects
for entrance on i-th specialty of HEI.
6. If
𝑁(𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑖 )
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑙 ∩ 𝐻𝐸𝐼𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑖 = 〈𝑀𝑎𝑖𝑛𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑖 , {𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑖𝑗 }〉𝑗=1
then this specialty belongs to the group I of related connection. So we form a set 𝐼𝑅𝑒𝑙𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒.
7. If
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑙 ∩ 𝐻𝐸𝐼𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑖 = 〈𝑀𝑎𝑖𝑛𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑖 , 𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑖 〉
or
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑙 ∩ 𝐻𝐸𝐼𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑖 = 〈𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑖 , 𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑀𝑎𝑖𝑛𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑖 〉
then this specialty belongs to the group II or III of related connection. So we form a set
𝐼𝐼𝑅𝑒𝑙𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒.
8. We check and і+1 is the next specialty of HEI (𝑖 > 𝑁 𝐻𝐸𝐼𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒 ), and return to paragraph 5.
As a result of the algorithm for forming the offer of educational services of the HEI according to the
available certificates of external independent evaluation, the potential entrant receives a list of
specialties for entry, which take into account the range of his interests.
Begin
i=1
+
-
+ -
i=i+1
-
+
End
Figure 1: Block diagram of the algorithm for forming the offer of educational services of a higher
education institution for entrants
Thus, the proposed algorithm for the formation of the offer of educational services of higher
education institutions allows potential applicants to obtain a list of all possible options for specialties to
enter the selected HEI. On the part of the higher education institution, the proposed algorithm makes it
possible to expand the offer of educational services for potential entrants and forecast the contingent of
students during the entry campaign. This allows to improve the technology of processing educational
content for potential entrants to higher education institutions.
5. Analysis of the results
Analysis of the results of the entry campaigns of the Lviv Polytechnic National University for the
period of 2017-2020 shows that the most popular specialty of these years is "Computer Science". It is
worth noting that one subject defined by the rules of entry is compulsory for all specialties, which is
why it does not affect the possibility of expanding the educational service (note - as of 2020 it is
"Ukrainian language").
For the specialty "Computer Science" the compulsory subject for entry is "Mathematics", and the
elective subjects are "Physics" and "Foreign Language".
Thus, one of the related specialties for entry to the specialty "Computer Science" is "Systems
Analysis" (compulsory subject іs "Mathematics", elective subjects are "Physics" and "Foreign
Language"). These specialties have a related connection.
The specialty "Public Management and Administration " in relation to the specialty "Computer
Science" has a related connection of group II, as a compulsory subject for this specialty is
"Mathematics", and elective subjects are "Foreign Language" and "History".
The specialty "International Economic Relations" in relation to the specialty "Computer Science"
has a related connection of group III (compulsory subject is "Foreign language", elective subjects are
"Mathematics" and "Geography").
These specialties of related connection of the groups I-III can give the entrant the opportunity to
enter the selected HEI with certificates required for the specialty "Computer Science". Specialty "Law"
(compulsory subject is "History", elective subjects are "Geography" and "Biology"), in relation to the
specialty "Computer Science", has a related connection of group IV and can not meet the needs of
applicants to obtain the desired qualification with the available EIE certificates. That is why this
specialty does not take part in additional informing of potential entrants who have chosen to enter the
specialty "Computer Science".
Analysis of the dynamics of applications for the specialty "Computer Science" and specialties that
have a related connection of groups I-III with this specialty, for the entry campaigns of 2017-2020
according to the educational portal https: //www.vstup .info / represented on Fig.2. They shows that for
the specialty "Computer Science" and the specialty "Systems Analysis", which has a related connection
of group I, there is a positive trend in the choice among entrants in 2017-2019 and not a significant
decline of interest among entrants in 2020. And in the specialties "Public Management and
Administration", "International Economic Relations", which have a related connection of groups II and
III in the specialty "Computer Science", there is a decrease in interest among entrants during the entry
campaigns 2017-2018 and the growth of interest in these specialties (on average by 6%) during the
entry campaign of 2019-2020.
Analysis of the dynamics of enrolled applicants and the available license quantity of the specialty
"Computer Science" and specialties that have a related connection of groups I, II and III with this
specialty, for the entry campaigns of 2017-2019 according to the educational portal https: //
www.vstup.info/ represented on Fig.3. They shows that the number of enrolled entrants to specialties
that have a related connection of groups I, II and III with a specialty "Computer Science" does not cover
the licensed quantity of training specified for this specialty.
Moreover, the number of enrolled entrants to the specialty "Systems Analysis" (group I) is growing
steadily, and for the specialties "Public Management and Administration", "International Economic
Relations" there is a tendency to reduce the number of enrolled students during the entry campaigns
2017-2018 years and the growth of interest in these specialties (on average by 3%) during the entry
campaign 2019-2020.
Fig. 2. Dynamics of applications for the specialty "Computer Science" and specialties that have a
related connection of groups I, II and III for the entry campaigns of 2017-2020, according to the
educational portal https: // www. vstup.info/
Fig.3. Dynamics of enrolled entrants and the available license quantity of the specialty "Computer
Science" and specialties that have a related connection of groups I, II and III for the entry campaigns
of 2017-2020 according to the educational portal https: // www .vstup.info /
Thus, the improvement of the technology of processing educational information for potential
entrants during the entry campaign on the basis of additional informing potential entrants about the
availability of specialties with related connection of groups I, I, III with the chosen specialty allows
HEI to regulate the number of enrolled students is the opportunity to study in the selected external
evaluation with the available certificates of external evaluation, taking into account the range of their
interests.
6. Conclusions
Thus, the competitiveness and functional efficiency of the HEI in the market of educational services
depend on the strategic behavior of this HEI during the entry campaign. That is why the article
introduces the concept of a related connection between the specialties of the HEI, which can satisfy the
interests of consumers of educational services, taking into account the range of its interests. This made
it possible to improve the technology of processing educational information for potential entrants during
the entry campaign on the basis of additional informing potential entrants about the availability of
specialties that have a related connection of groups I, I, III with the chosen specialty. The article
establishes the influence of additional informing potential entrants during the entry campaign on their
choice of future specialty based on the positive dynamics of applications and enrolled consumers of
educational services on the example of "Computer Science" and specialties of the Lviv Polytechnic
National University which have a related connection of groups I, II and III for the period of entry
campaigns 2017-2020.
Analysis of the results of the study of the dynamics of applications and enrolled applicants on the
example of the specialty "Computer Science" and specialties that have a related connection of groups
I, II and III with this specialty shows the positive dynamics of these indicators after using the proposed
approach to improving processing technology educational information for potential entrants during the
entry campaign (on average by 5% for applications and 3% - for enrolled applicants). This allowed HEI
to regulate the number of students in the specialty taking into account their interests and entrants is the
opportunity to study in the selected HEI with available certificates of external independent evaluation.
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