The article discusses the possibility of using the technological maps development in crop production to expand the functionality of various software products used in agriculture. The work purpose is to determine the possibilities of automating the agricultural products cost calculation and the use of the obtained data in solving practical optimization problems. With a large number of existing software products, almost all of them solve the limited problems associated with planning costs. To expand the scope of such products use, certain changes must be made to them. For example, in order to be able to use the calculation results for determining the investment projects effectiveness, it is necessary to link the costs to their occurrence time during the production cycle. Additionally, such software products have significant potential to be used as a basis for optimizing production processes in agronomy. The choice of the best option for using the existing equipment, taking into account the criterion of minimizing the cost, will allow you to get an additional economic effect as a result of these software products introduction into production.
At present, in the Russian agriculture conditions, the development main driver is the
plant growing industry. For almost the entire period after 1991, crop production was
profitable, which made the industry more commercially attractive than livestock
[
The most suitable method for determining costs in crop production is to calculate
using technological maps of the various crops cultivation. However, the standard
technological map, in the form in which it was drawn up earlier, does not take into
account one factor - the time factor. All costs received using this method formed the
total amount (for each cost item), regardless of the time period in which payments
were actually made [
We tried to correct this shortcoming and adapt the technological map to modern requirements using the program for calculating technological maps in crop production, developed at the Department “Economic Theory and Economics of the AgroIndustrial Complex” of the Samara State Agrarian University. Although attempts at such adaptation appeared in the periodicals, they were far from perfect and suffered from a number of shortcomings. For example, a program developed at the Kuban State Agrarian University. When posting costs by month, the report displays the final figure, which contains, in addition to the actual costs, also depreciation. And it is usually accounted for separately.
In the program our version for calculating the flow chart, in addition to the types of
work, operations and the composition of the unit, the month of the given
technological operation is also indicated. The fact is that, for example, in business planning, a
minimum time interval of one month is considered, which makes such detailing in a
technological map acceptable [
The work purpose is to determine the possibilities of automating the agricultural products cost calculation and the use of the obtained data in solving practical optimization problems. For this, the following tasks were solved: - get acquainted with the structure of the most suitable software products for the technological maps calculation in crop production; - to determine the capabilities of software products for solving economic problems; - to adapt programs for use in the preparation of initial data in business planning; - determination of the software products capabilities to optimize production processes. 3
The considered program for calculating technological maps in crop production is the
various operations database, sets of equipment, technological options. The source of
replenishment of this base is the reports on the testing of equipment carried out by the
zonal machine-testing stations, of which there are currently eleven left (Altai,
Vladimir, Kirov, Kuban, Povolzhsky, Podolsky, North-Western, North Caucasian, Siberian,
Central Chernozem and State Testing Center). Hundreds of equipment various types
tests are carried out annually. Their results can be found in the public domain [
The work plans calculation is a selection of the appropriate operations from the
proposed list. To simplify the operations choice, they are grouped according to the
main types (for example, the group "Basic soil cultivation" includes operations:
nonmoldboard cultivation, moldboard plowing, disking, stubble plowing, discator
cultivation, processing with deepening). Each operation corresponds to its own set of
aggregates, with which it can be performed and the main parameters (processing depth,
number of passes, seeding rate, etc.) [
All the necessary data for the technological map formation are presented in the "Operations" window in the form of drop-down lists (Figure 1).
1. In the "Operations" window from the drop-down lists, you must sequentially select: ─ work type; ─ technological operation; ─ the unit composition; ─ operation parameter (fertilizer application rate, tillage depth, seeding rate, etc.). 2. Indicate the month of the corresponding operation.
3. After clicking the "Add" button, the selected operation will be added to the end of the "New map" table.
4. To draw up the entire map - steps 1-3 are repeated as many times as necessary. The result is a completed table "New map" (Figure. 2).
5. A crop is selected from the drop-down list in the "New Map" window and the yield is set. If necessary, the completed map can be edited. ─ to delete a row from the table - select this row by clicking the mouse, then click the "Delete" button; ─ to replace an operation (row) in the table - form a technological operation as described above and click on the "Replace" button in the "Operations" window. The "Select" window will appear, in which select the operation (line) to be replaced and click the "Replace" button; ─ to insert a row into an arbitrary place in the table - form a technological operation as described above and click on the "Paste before" button in the "Operations" window. The "Select" window will appear, in which select the operation (row), before which the new operation will be inserted and click on the "Paste" button.
To calculate the filled-in table, click on the "Calculation" button in the "New map" window.
After the calculation is completed, the "Calculation Results" window will appear on the screen, in which you can specify the necessary additional information.
Click on the "Report" button in the "Calculation results" window - the finished calculated map (report) will be displayed on the screen (Figure 3).
Use the Print Preview panel to navigate through the report during preview, exit preview, and print the report to the printer. The report is output to the printer installed on the system by default. Page setup for printing: paper size A4, paper orientation landscape.
Calculation of production costs. After performing the calculation in the technological map, the button "Cost" becomes available. Click on this button. (Production costs are calculated for the currently open and calculated routing). In the window, set the area for which costs are calculated (by default, 1 ha is taken, as in the calculation of the technological map). The calculation is made for a given area too.
Further the necessary fields are filled in, in which the costs of plant protection products, fertilizers, seeds, the standard of general costs are determined, the "Calculate" button and the "Next" button are pressed. Based on these steps, a final report is generated.
In the final report (Figure 4), the structure of the cost of this particular crop is deciphered under the selected technology option and the formed external conditions (cost of fuel and lubricants, average wages in the region, exchange rates, etc.) 4
The program for calculating technological maps in crop production has been adapted
to the business planning requirements. The main problem in drawing up technological
maps is the exact assignment of the occurrence time and the costs amount that the
company incurs during the production cycle [
The received data in the "Total for ..." term (Figure 3) is entered under the corresponding items in the sections of special software for calculating the investment projects effectiveness (for example, in the "Operational plan" "General costs" section of the Project Expert program). The frequency of payments is determined using a complex scheme that allows you to accurately determine the time and amount of each new payment. The methodology for drawing up a technological map remains unchanged when calculating the cost part of any agricultural crop.
An additional possibility of using this software product is the ability to enter it into the package of the navigation system used in agriculture to optimize the use of the machine and tractor fleet.
The existing systems are currently used to a limited extent to control the equipment movement trajectory, to exclude inappropriate use of fuels and lubricants by the enterprise employees. Expanding the system functionality by introducing an additional optimization block into it based on the program for calculating technological maps and adjusting it according to the parameters of the particular enterprise technology (a possible set of aggregates, the fields maps, potential production, optimal agro periods, etc.) will allow using the functionality of this the software product is much broader, automating part of the agronomic service functions based on the existing equipment optimal use.
Automation of the production calculation cost in crop production by drawing up technological maps requires additional attention. With a large number of existing software products, almost all of them solve the limited problems associated with planning costs. To expand the scope of such products use, certain changes must be made to them. For example, in order to be able to use the calculation results when determining the investment projects effectiveness, it is necessary to link the costs to the time of their occurrence during the production cycle.
Additionally, such software products have significant potential to be used as a basis for optimizing production processes in agronomy. The choice of the best option for using the existing equipment, taking into account the criterion of minimizing the cost, will allow you to get an additional economic effect as a result of the introduction of these software products into production.