=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-2843/shortpaper029
|storemode=property
|title=The production costs calculation automation for planning the crops production parameters (short paper)
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2843/shortpaper020.pdf
|volume=Vol-2843
|authors=Kirill Zhichkin,Vladimir Nosov,Lyudmila Zhichkina
}}
==The production costs calculation automation for planning the crops production parameters (short paper)==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2843/shortpaper020.pdf
The production costs calculation automation for planning
the crops production parameters*
Kirill Zhichkin1[0000-0001-8833-626X], Vladimir Nosov2[0000-0001-6158-0924] and Lyudmila
Zhichkina1[0000-0002-6536-8856]
1
Samara State Agrarian University, 2, Uchebnaja street, Kinel, 446442, Russian Federation
2
K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management, 73, Zemlyanoy
val, Moscow, 109004, Russian Federation
zskirill@mail.ru
Abstract. The article discusses the possibility of using the technological maps
development in crop production to expand the functionality of various software
products used in agriculture. The work purpose is to determine the possibilities
of automating the agricultural products cost calculation and the use of the ob-
tained data in solving practical optimization problems. With a large number of
existing software products, almost all of them solve the limited problems asso-
ciated with planning costs. To expand the scope of such products use, certain
changes must be made to them. For example, in order to be able to use the cal-
culation results for determining the investment projects effectiveness, it is nec-
essary to link the costs to their occurrence time during the production cycle.
Additionally, such software products have significant potential to be used as a
basis for optimizing production processes in agronomy. The choice of the best
option for using the existing equipment, taking into account the criterion of
minimizing the cost, will allow you to get an additional economic effect as a re-
sult of these software products introduction into production.
Keywords: software, optimizing, technological maps, crops cultivation, pro-
duction costs, investment projects.
1 Introduction
At present, in the Russian agriculture conditions, the development main driver is the
plant growing industry. For almost the entire period after 1991, crop production was
profitable, which made the industry more commercially attractive than livestock [1-
5]. The production process in crop production has a number of features. It consists
from a number of operations performed in a strict sequence, at optimal time periods
(agro periods) and at certain times of the year. These operations costs have a complex
nature and are formed from material costs (fertilizers, plant protection products,
*
Copyright © 2021 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribu-
tion 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
seeds, etc.), salary costs (salaries of tractor drivers, auxiliary workers), costs of main-
taining agricultural machinery and energy-rich mechanisms [6, 7].
The most suitable method for determining costs in crop production is to calculate
using technological maps of the various crops cultivation. However, the standard
technological map, in the form in which it was drawn up earlier, does not take into
account one factor - the time factor. All costs received using this method formed the
total amount (for each cost item), regardless of the time period in which payments
were actually made [8-12].
2 Materials and methods
We tried to correct this shortcoming and adapt the technological map to modern re-
quirements using the program for calculating technological maps in crop production,
developed at the Department “Economic Theory and Economics of the Agro-
Industrial Complex” of the Samara State Agrarian University. Although attempts at
such adaptation appeared in the periodicals, they were far from perfect and suffered
from a number of shortcomings. For example, a program developed at the Kuban
State Agrarian University. When posting costs by month, the report displays the final
figure, which contains, in addition to the actual costs, also depreciation. And it is
usually accounted for separately.
In the program our version for calculating the flow chart, in addition to the types of
work, operations and the composition of the unit, the month of the given technologi-
cal operation is also indicated. The fact is that, for example, in business planning, a
minimum time interval of one month is considered, which makes such detailing in a
technological map acceptable [13-18].
The work purpose is to determine the possibilities of automating the agricultural
products cost calculation and the use of the obtained data in solving practical optimi-
zation problems. For this, the following tasks were solved: - get acquainted with the
structure of the most suitable software products for the technological maps calculation
in crop production; - to determine the capabilities of software products for solving
economic problems; - to adapt programs for use in the preparation of initial data in
business planning; - determination of the software products capabilities to optimize
production processes.
3 Results
The considered program for calculating technological maps in crop production is the
various operations database, sets of equipment, technological options. The source of
replenishment of this base is the reports on the testing of equipment carried out by the
zonal machine-testing stations, of which there are currently eleven left (Altai, Vladi-
mir, Kirov, Kuban, Povolzhsky, Podolsky, North-Western, North Caucasian, Siberian,
Central Chernozem and State Testing Center). Hundreds of equipment various types
tests are carried out annually. Their results can be found in the public domain [19,
20]. This data is used to expand the capabilities of the program, to update the tech-
nologies and technology sets used [21-25].
The work plans calculation is a selection of the appropriate operations from the
proposed list. To simplify the operations choice, they are grouped according to the
main types (for example, the group "Basic soil cultivation" includes operations: non-
moldboard cultivation, moldboard plowing, disking, stubble plowing, discator cultiva-
tion, processing with deepening). Each operation corresponds to its own set of aggre-
gates, with which it can be performed and the main parameters (processing depth,
number of passes, seeding rate, etc.) [26-34]
All the necessary data for the technological map formation are presented in the
"Operations" window in the form of drop-down lists (Figure 1).
Fig. 1. Menu for describing technological operations.
1. In the "Operations" window from the drop-down lists, you must sequentially se-
lect:
Fig. 2. Menu "New map" at the time of editing.
─ work type;
─ technological operation;
─ the unit composition;
─ operation parameter (fertilizer application rate, tillage depth, seeding rate, etc.).
2. Indicate the month of the corresponding operation.
3. After clicking the "Add" button, the selected operation will be added to the end
of the "New map" table.
4. To draw up the entire map - steps 1-3 are repeated as many times as necessary.
The result is a completed table "New map" (Figure. 2).
5. A crop is selected from the drop-down list in the "New Map" window and the
yield is set. If necessary, the completed map can be edited.
─ to delete a row from the table - select this row by clicking the mouse, then click the
"Delete" button;
─ to replace an operation (row) in the table - form a technological operation as de-
scribed above and click on the "Replace" button in the "Operations" window. The
"Select" window will appear, in which select the operation (line) to be replaced and
click the "Replace" button;
─ to insert a row into an arbitrary place in the table - form a technological operation
as described above and click on the "Paste before" button in the "Operations" win-
dow. The "Select" window will appear, in which select the operation (row), before
which the new operation will be inserted and click on the "Paste" button.
Fig. 3. Report "Direct operating costs".
To calculate the filled-in table, click on the "Calculation" button in the "New map"
window.
After the calculation is completed, the "Calculation Results" window will appear
on the screen, in which you can specify the necessary additional information.
Fig. 4. Report "All production costs".
Click on the "Report" button in the "Calculation results" window - the finished cal-
culated map (report) will be displayed on the screen (Figure 3).
Use the Print Preview panel to navigate through the report during preview, exit
preview, and print the report to the printer. The report is output to the printer installed
on the system by default. Page setup for printing: paper size A4, paper orientation -
landscape.
Calculation of production costs. After performing the calculation in the technologi-
cal map, the button "Cost" becomes available. Click on this button. (Production costs
are calculated for the currently open and calculated routing). In the window, set the
area for which costs are calculated (by default, 1 ha is taken, as in the calculation of
the technological map). The calculation is made for a given area too.
Further the necessary fields are filled in, in which the costs of plant protection
products, fertilizers, seeds, the standard of general costs are determined, the "Calcu-
late" button and the "Next" button are pressed. Based on these steps, a final report is
generated.
In the final report (Figure 4), the structure of the cost of this particular crop is deci-
phered under the selected technology option and the formed external conditions (cost
of fuel and lubricants, average wages in the region, exchange rates, etc.)
4 Discussion
The program for calculating technological maps in crop production has been adapted
to the business planning requirements. The main problem in drawing up technological
maps is the exact assignment of the occurrence time and the costs amount that the
company incurs during the production cycle [35-41]. And if most of the material costs
(for fertilizers, plant protection products, seeds) are one-time in nature and are pre-
cisely tied to time and amounts, then the costs of fuel, electricity, motor oil are dis-
tributed unevenly throughout the field work entire period. The program version copes
with the solution of this problem with high accuracy.
The received data in the "Total for ..." term (Figure 3) is entered under the corre-
sponding items in the sections of special software for calculating the investment pro-
jects effectiveness (for example, in the "Operational plan" "General costs" section of
the Project Expert program). The frequency of payments is determined using a com-
plex scheme that allows you to accurately determine the time and amount of each new
payment. The methodology for drawing up a technological map remains unchanged
when calculating the cost part of any agricultural crop.
An additional possibility of using this software product is the ability to enter it into
the package of the navigation system used in agriculture to optimize the use of the
machine and tractor fleet.
The existing systems are currently used to a limited extent to control the equipment
movement trajectory, to exclude inappropriate use of fuels and lubricants by the en-
terprise employees. Expanding the system functionality by introducing an additional
optimization block into it based on the program for calculating technological maps
and adjusting it according to the parameters of the particular enterprise technology (a
possible set of aggregates, the fields maps, potential production, optimal agro periods,
etc.) will allow using the functionality of this the software product is much broader,
automating part of the agronomic service functions based on the existing equipment
optimal use.
5 Conclusion
Automation of the production calculation cost in crop production by drawing up tech-
nological maps requires additional attention. With a large number of existing software
products, almost all of them solve the limited problems associated with planning
costs. To expand the scope of such products use, certain changes must be made to
them. For example, in order to be able to use the calculation results when determining
the investment projects effectiveness, it is necessary to link the costs to the time of
their occurrence during the production cycle.
Additionally, such software products have significant potential to be used as a ba-
sis for optimizing production processes in agronomy. The choice of the best option
for using the existing equipment, taking into account the criterion of minimizing the
cost, will allow you to get an additional economic effect as a result of the introduction
of these software products into production.
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