The implementation of the project on construction of a rational model of the automated information system of complex accounting at the enterprise is described. The requirements to the project of information system and the analysis of the system functionality are given. The development of an automated information system of enterprise management is considered as a scientific project that has a certain life cycle, which is implemented in such phases as preinvestment, investment and operational. The main issues that need to be considered when developing an automated enterprise management system are outlined. Having analyzed the object-oriented methodology, the of the environment are separated, the actors, options for use and the relationship between them are identified. Project life cycle, business plan, Gantt chart, automated information system, critical path, human resources, material resources, project participants, sewing enterprise.
The word of project is very often used in our lives. There is development of means to fight AIDS, conservation of the Chornobyl NPS, election campaign, renting and repairing a new office, etc. All these tasks have several common features that characterize them as projects. These features include a focus on achieving the goal; the presence of numerical hierarchical goals; coordinated implementation of related actions; project time frame; availability of budget; uniqueness.
It is the project that allows us to properly plan and quickly manage the implementation of tasks. The aim of the project is to create something new, non-existent at this moment. As a result of the project, a new product appears as an enterprise, a product, a production line, service. The concept of project covers a wide range of activities from minor modernization of the existing facility to the creation of an enterprise in a complex with the developed infrastructure that requires significant investment.
Project management is one of the most complex and time-consuming areas due to the large amount of information used for management decisions, as well as the fact that the structure of the project in the process of its implementation is changing.
Effective project
management is impossible without the use of modern information and communication technologies and appropriate tools.
The paper [1] analyzes the content of the concept of project and project management; the main components of the project are given; the life cycle of the project in the form of phases is described (design, implementation, and operation), which have a certain set of works (processes) that need to be implemented as well as the main functions for effective project management are mentioned.
2021 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
The main theoretical and conceptual principles and practical examples of strategic management were studied by Tony Morden [2], Wyn Jenkins and David Williamson [3]. The use of information technology in project management of the enterprise was researched by Michael S. Zambruski [4]. The issues of organization management are studied by Hal G. Rainey [5], K. Schwalbe [6].
Data flow diagram (DFD) is one of the main tools for structural analysis and design of information systems. They are used for graphical structural analysis, which describes external sources to the system and data recipients, logical functions, data flows and data warehouses to which access is made. IDEF0 notation, based on SADT methodology, is most often used to describe business processes.
Scientific works of many domestic and foreign scientists are devoted to business process modeling, in particular works by John Jeston [7], J. Pinggera, P. Soffer, S. Zugal, B. Weber, M. Weidlich, D. Fahland, H.A. Reijers, J. Mendling [8], J. Cardoso [9], H. Gould [10] and others.
One of the methods of project planning is the Gantt chart, which is used to illustrate the plan, the work schedule for any project. The method of planning the activities of the enterprise using the Gantt chart was investigated by such scientists as J. Geraldi [11], A. Sharon [12], Olivier and Cristina Rebière [13].
A significant contribution to the study of life cycles of related fields of knowledge was made by J. Westland [14], Massimo Pica [15].
It is known that a lot of industries today do not have partial or full automated work. Therefore, employees of such enterprises are forced to perform some routine operations that could be done with computers. Thanks to new information technologies, it is possible to automate management operations, as well as to obtain information for decision-making and analytics in enterprise management.
The purpose of this paper is to create and implement a project to build a rational model of an automated information system of integrated accounting of material resources, production costs, sales of finished products of light industry, building an effective business management model using intelligent systems and technologies.
This task can be considered in terms of a research project, which contains a set of purposeful, consistent actions aimed at achieving the result with limited resources and timing of their beginning and end. A project is a certain enterprise with established goals, the achievement of which determines the completion of the project [15].
Each project has its own life cycle that is the period from the conception of the project (idea) to its completion (liquidation of the project). The project life cycle is defined as a set of consecutive phases of the project, their names and numbers are determined by the control needs of the organization or organizations involved in the project [16].
The following phases of the project were used to solve this goal:
Pre-investment phase includes identification that is a problem definition and proposal for its solution, preparation and evaluation of a business plan, especially an identification of investment opportunities, analysis of alternatives and preliminary project selection, namely preliminary feasibility study, analysis of analogue projects (if any), definition of time, resource (human), financial costs of the project, assessment of risks and viability of the project, selection and preliminary approval of equipment and its location (s), expertise, negotiations on the development of an automated system.
Investment phase includes establishing the legal, financial, and organizational basis for the project, detailed design and contracting, development of the most automated system and its testing, tenders for equipment supply, purchase and installation of equipment and programs, data filling system, preproduction marketing, staff training, commissioning, and launching.
Operation phase: • in the short term, it is studied the possible occurrence of problems related to the use, operation of equipment or staff qualifications; • in the long term, it is considered the chosen strategy and the total cost of production and marketing, as well as saving time and resources during operation, which automatically leads to an increase in profits from the manufacture of goods. This phase also includes the following works as testing of equipment, debugging programs, correction of errors and inaccuracies in the work, closing the contract, analysis of results, development, and improvement of certain functions of the automated accounting system at the enterprise.
The point of the project is to produce a new and unique product for the company [16]. The process of managing this project can be considered as a set of some functions: 1. Subject area management. The subject area of the project (project goals, objectives, and work) in the process of its life undergoes changes, so there is a need to manage the subject area of the project. 2. Quality management. There are clearly defined and established requirements or standards of quality of results, using which it is possible to assess the degree of success of the implemented automated information system or the developed project. Defining these requirements, their control and support during all phases of the project is the essence of the quality management function. 3. Time management. It means keeping time limits, control of project development and in case of deviation from the plan, the appropriate measures for their elimination should be applied. To prevent undesirable deviations, it is necessary to predict the project development process. 4. Cost management. It is necessary to keep the established, planned budget according to the plan [17].
Effective project management is impossible without the use of modern information technologies. At each stage of the project life cycle, the goals of automation will be different. During the preinvestment phase these is search for sponsors, ensuring effective interaction with the customer, reducing development time, concluding key documents, calculation of risks, etc. During the investment phase these are the choice of performers, staff, equipment, suppliers, etc. At the design stage it is to reduce the time of development of the project implementation schedule [18]. At the implementation stage it is to increase the reliability and efficiency of information about the status of the project to solve operational management tasks; to reduce time for preparation of documents, reports on the progress of the project; to ensure effective interaction between project participants. At the stage of delivery and completion of the project it is observed checking the efficiency of the equipment, and the formation of working documentation [19-26].
In practice of project management, it is used both universal and specialized tools or programs (software packages).
Universal software packages include spreadsheet, word processor, database management systems (DBMS), presentation programs (e.g., PowerPoint) and communication programs (e.g., Skype, Zoom, MS Teams, etc.).
Specialized programs are the tools that are specifically designed to manage the project at different stages. For example, during the concept phase, the software package ProjectExpert can be used, during the system design it can be ERWin package, if it is preparation and implementation, MS Project is proposed.
The MS Project software package is most often used for the implementation of small and mediumsized projects due to the wide capabilities of the package, and user-friendly interface. The program provides an opportunity to structure the project by dividing it into stages, tasks, and subtasks, to identify critical tasks, to obtain a schedule of project implementation, to allocate resources to project tasks, as well as to effectively control the load of resources.
The development of a project to create an automated information accounting system was implemented using the MS Project environment using the Gantt chart, which is one of the methods of project planning. All tasks performed during the project life cycle are presented in Fig.1.
known risks
• visualization of the task and all stages of the project; • assistance in identifying critical points; • optimization of planning and distribution of tasks; • the ability to quickly update with software and applications; • the ability to build even on plain paper or in Excel, etc.
Management functions of this project are: • forecasting and planning of project activities; • organization of work; • coordination and regulation of project development and implementation processes; • activation and stimulation of work of executors, developers; • accounting, control and analysis of the progress of project development and implementation (regular meetings, inspections such as monitoring of project implementation).
Also, it should be emphasized that during the development of the project there is an important justification, which is presented in the business plan [7]. After all, it provides a detailed description of the goals and objectives that need to be solved, as well as their ways to achieve. A business plan provides an opportunity to determine the viability of the project in conditions of fierce competition; describes possible risks of the project; contains a reference point for the development of the enterprise; is an important tool for obtaining financial support from external investors, auctioneers, etc. [8].
Although the development of this project is done by a business analyst and an enterprise analyst, who make a significant contribution to its conclusion and formation, but it is primarily intended for the following categories of participants as directors or owners; investors or ordinary banks for which it is a mandatory document.
The content of the business plan and the degree of its detailization usually depend on the size of the future project and the scope to which it relates; the size of the market (demand); the presence of competitors and their number.
There are different standards of business planning [7]. The most famous are the UNIDO standard (United Nations Industrial Development Organization); KPMG standart (Klynveld Kraayenhof & Co., William Barclay Peat & Co., Marwick, Mitchell & Co., Treuhand-Gesellschaft); TACIS standard (Technical Assistance for the Commonwealth of Independent States); EBRD standard (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development).
The automated information system itself, to which the project was developed, needs to solve the following issues: • analysis of product demand in the market; • study of the system of indicators of accounting for production costs and sales at industrial enterprises in order to organize automated information accounting; • examination of disadvantages and problems in the organization of the system of accounting for production costs and the organization of the sales process of finished products at the enterprise; • development of a database of potential buyers for further communication with them; • substantiation of the use of information technology for analysis and management decisions in commercial activities; • analysis of the use of information systems and technologies in order to study the needs of the buyer and the organization of production of goods; • creating a database of manufactured products to calculate the cost of their production; • development of personal electronic accounts to obtain the necessary information by employees in accordance with their work at the enterprise.
The object of the study is the organizational and economic process of automation of cost accounting and sales of finished products at industrial enterprises to ensure its effective management in modern conditions of high competition using information technology and systems.
The subject of the study is a set of methodological, practical, and theoretical aspects of automation of the process of managing the commercial activities of light industry, which provide a rational structure and create competitiveness in the market.
Customer
View the product catalog
<<extend>> Making an order Creating a database of goods and prices <<include>>
The work of the automated information accounting system at the sewing enterprise, for which the project was developed, can be represented by a use case diagram, which is designed to build a conceptual model of how the system works in the environment.
The main purpose of the system is to automate the input and storage of reporting data on the receipt of orders and their processing, scheduling and workload of employees. The system allows you to change, supplement and view information about the work of the enterprise, impose restrictions on access to the system, save orders that have already been processed.
The selected system contains the following main functions: 1. Obtaining and processing the order.
This function is designed to receive and process information about the execution of the order. It describes how the order arrives at the enterprise and stores information about it and the customer as well as the characteristics of goods that are listed in the database.
Registration System administrator
View the availability of materials in stock completing the task, employees enter this information in their account. To ensure the effectiveness of the system, it is necessary to motivate employees with the following measures as self-development, profit sharing, career growth, professional recognition, etc. [6]. The place of application of the system is industrial enterprises for sewing. This system, for example, reflects the transition from manual, time-consuming and error-prone routine operations to the use of computer technology that quickly and accurately stores and processes the information needed to make management decisions.
Manager
Distribution of tasks between
employees Defining the powers of employees Seamstress
Establishing a work schedule
The problem of automating the work of certain departments or even the whole enterprise is important. After all, every day there are new functions, opportunities to simplify the work, the use of which will facilitate the work of production and reduce costs. Therefore, each company must monitor new trends, functions, applications, programs, etc. and implement them to make a profit. Also, it is necessary to constantly analyze the work of production and identify weaknesses and eliminate them. One of such methods is the transition to automated work using modern technologies. The paper considers the development of an automated information enterprise management system as a research project that has a certain life cycle, which is implemented in such phases - pre-investment, investment and operational. With the help of calendar planning tools, a Gantt chart was constructed, which shows the sequence of works defined in time. And it allows you to specify the resources (labor, financial and material) and their workload, which are necessary to perform a task. After describing all the works and resources, the general budget of the project was calculated, and the main points of its conclusion were described. For systematization of the project the classification on traditional features is carried out as scale, complexity, quality, sphere of activity, duration. The main functions of the project are given. The structure of the business plan, its content, participants, and standards are analyzed. After analyzing the system, using object-oriented methodology, the boundaries of the system and the environment were separated, the actors, options for use and the relationship between them were identified. There are three main functions that reflect and characterize the operation of the automated information management system of the enterprise manufacturing goods.
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