The article studies the strategy and tactics and examines the relationship between concepts based on such properties as priority, time period of action, essential affiliation, etc. Given the nature of the established relationships, a number of tactical approaches can be formed and implemented within the chosen strategy. In order to select them, the elements of the suffix tree method are used in the following order: definition of attributes (features) of the selected strategy and formation on their basis of the array T; detection of suffixes (Т[i..,n]) of an array of data of length n, the essence of which determines the strategy, namely the array T; construction of a suffix tree; selection of tactical approaches, moving from the root of the suffix tree to any of its letters ending in $. The practical implementation of the formed method made it possible to identify tactical approaches to digitalization of the economy.
In modern economic conditions, characterized by dynamic changes in the external environment of the impact on enterprises and its complexity due to the processes of globalization and internationalization of the world economy, the development of science, technology, information technology, there is an intensification of information flows and processes as well as the growing importance of information support of the company and the economic system in general. At the same time, strategic activity planning, which involves the formation of business strategy and a number of tactical approaches, has a significant impact on the performance of the enterprise (types of economic activity, national economy) and its efficiency, as it provides goal-oriented and coordinating activities, focusing on solving major problems in current and future activities.
In these conditions, significant importance is attached to the strategic aspects of digitalization and informatization, technical support of communication processes, generating decisions on volume, location and forms of existence of information etc. At the same time, tactical approaches to the implementation of the strategy and the process of their formation remain insufficiently studied. This reduces the effectiveness of strategic planning and the effectiveness of the economic system and its development in the long run.
& Dunska A. R., Tymofeyev V. M., Mardus N. Yu., Ruban V. M., Saviczka N. V., Kolomiyecz O. L.,
Goloven O. V., Klopov I. O., Goryelov D. O., Bolshenko S. F., Levchenko M. O., Kalnyczka M. A.,
Gangur O. Yu., etc. [
Tymofeyev V. M. and Mardus N. Yu. cite a number of differences between the concept of strategy
and tactics, which can be summarized in the statement that strategy has a systemic nature, which is
manifested in action at intersystem levels, and tactics – situational nature of the action in the middle
of each individual element of the system [
Ruban V. M. points out that tactics are specific short-term strategies [
The time factor is also decisive in the work of Sorvina O. V. Taking into account the time period of management decisions for which they are developed, and the speed of achieving the target values of the established benchmarks in the activity, the author identifies strategic and tactical management of production costs of the enterprise.
Tactical solutions allow: to implement short-term plans; to achieve short-term goals in the field of
production cost management of the enterprise [
The concept of tactical management is also developed in the work of Goloven O. V. and
Klopov I. O., who see the relationship between strategy and tactics of the enterprise in the following.
Within the strategy of enterprise development, management tactics are formed, which provides for the
solution of certain medium-term problems, which is necessary to achieve the strategic goals of the
enterprise [
Competition tactics (competitive actions of the enterprise) means a set of competitive actions used by market participants for a limited period of time when interacting with specific rivals to solve a certain range of internally related tasks for the use of competitive potential and achieve the desired competitive results. Rubin Yu. B. consider the tactics of competitive action as one of the components of the tactics of enterprise management. At the same time, other components are: investment tactics, tactics of accounting and use of profit, production tactics, innovation tactics, personnel development tactics, production and sales tactics [16].
According to Goryelov D. O. and Bolshenko S. F., the main components of planning and
implementation of enterprise strategy are tactics, policies, procedures and rules [
Gradov A. P. carried out strategic, tactical and sub-tactical classification of tasks for the formation of competitive advantages of enterprises, which did not provide for the existence of policies, rules and procedures in the system of administrative levers of the enterprise. According to the author, such an in-depth classification of the nature of the components and sources of competitive advantage allows you to develop many necessary actions that can be combined into a targeted comprehensive program of competitive advantage [18].
At the tactical level, the knowledge management process includes the following stages: gathering information based on methods of effective information retrieval; use of information that contributes to the creation of an environment in which a creative approach to work is supported, generation of new ideas, etc.; staff training, which includes the organization and implementation of training in the management process; dissemination of knowledge, which is to involve employees in the dissemination of their knowledge and transfer them to the general knowledge fund of the enterprise [19].
We think that the opinion of Levchenko M. O. is valid that for the implementation of the strategic
course of management at the enterprise should develop tactics [
Strategic links are defined in the development of a system of stochastic models of enterprise management based on artificial intelligence in work of Kwilinski A. and Kuzior A. [20]. At the same time, strategy and tactics are integral components of enterprise planning processes. As noted by Gorban S. I., the motive for the implementation of agreements on mergers / acquisitions of enterprises becomes the basis for the formation of market behavior of the organization. The entity may change this motive in accordance with the adopted strategy and tactics of the organization, but in this case it may not meet the scope of the agreement and lose his job [22].
Most authors also argue that strategic planning is the responsibility of senior managers of the
enterprise, and the development of tactics is the prerogative of middle and lower managers [
The most careful description of the common features and differences of strategy and tactics was
made by I. S. Folomkina, considering the essence of tactics, its features and relationship with strategy.
According to the author, there are a number of significant differences between strategy and tactics:
tactics contain actions of implementation the company's strategy, which indicates its organizational
nature; components of tactics are practical methods and techniques of management, which indicate,
that the tactics are aimed at using resources to achieve strategic goals; tactical decisions are detailed
and the strategy is conceptual in its nature [
Thus, despite the need for effective implementation of the developed strategy, the tactics of enterprises remain insufficiently studied. In particular, the relationship between strategy and tactics of enterprises needs to be further studied, which will ensure the choice of tactics embodied in the methods of strategy implementation (practical actions, management methods, etc.).
The tactics of the enterprise are a logical continuation of its strategy. It is developed for short periods of up to a year in order to implement the strategy. Thus, tactics are a means of implementing a strategy that uses management methods, various ways of managerial influence, which ensure the implementation of strategic goals based on the use of enterprise resources, knowledge, skills, information etc. Within the chosen strategy it is possible to form and implement a number of tactical approaches, the choice of which is entrusted to managers of all levels of management. At the same time, in the process of implementing tactics through feedback channels, the strategy may be refined. The relationship between strategy and tactics is summarized in Table 1.
In order to choose tactics based on the formed strategy, we recommend using the elements of the suffix tree method. Suffix tree is a method of saving an array of data in the form of a tree, which allows you to search for the necessary messages (information) that are part of the array [23, 24].
The essence and scope of the suffix tree we have considered above. Recall that the − ℎ suffix of the array (text series) T is a suborder (element).
Т5, Т6 Т6.
Т3, Т4 $
Т[3. . ]$ $
The entire text array T consists of a set of suffixes of length n. In order to form a system of tactical approaches of enterprises using elements of the suffix tree method, we adopted a text series of attributes of digital strategy as an array of T.
For example, if T = "digital strategy $", then we define its main attributes as "stimulating the economy, attracting investment, overcoming digital inequality, deepening cooperation with the EU in the digital sphere, development of the country's innovation infrastructure, digital transformation" [2729, 32].
Thus, the array T = "stimulating the economy, attracting investment, overcoming digital inequality, deepening cooperation with the EU in the digital sphere, development of the country's innovative infrastructure, digital transformations $", its suffix 0 is "stimulating the economy, attracting investment, overcoming digital inequality, deepening cooperation with the EU in the digital sphere, development of the country's innovative infrastructure, digital transformations $", and the suffix 6 "digital transformations $" (sixth level of indexation). Since the digital strategy has 6 attributes (stimulating the economy, attracting investment, overcoming digital inequality, deepening cooperation with the EU in the digital sphere, development of the country's innovative infrastructure, digital transformations), the suffix tree will contain no more than n = 7 letters (suffixes). All inner vertices of the suffix tree (including the root vertex, if it is an inner vertex) are always branched, so there can be no more than 5 (n-1) such vertices. The $ sign indicates the completion of the elements on the appropriate leaf of the suffix tree. This can be seen from the equation described above, where: Т( ) = $, (1) where $ - less than the attribute of the elements of the array.
Thus, the maximum number of vertices in the suffix tree = 7 (n leaves) + 5 (n-1) inner vertices = 11 (2n-1) = O (n) vertices (equal to 11). Since the suffix tree is a tree, the maximum number of edges in the suffix tree is also 10 ((2n-1) -1) = O (n) -1 edges.
Using the rules above, it is possible to perform a number of operations: 1. Construction of the suffix tree of the array T, which is a text set of attributes of the digital strategy. 2. Perform search operations: find the top of the suffix tree, the longest line of digital strategy attributes; find the longest repeating suborder (LRS) - the deepest inner vertex that separates the common prefix between two (or more) suffixes T; find the longest common suborder (LCS) - the deepest inner vertex that contains suffixes from two different original lines. 3. Search for elements of an array - a suborder (text series of attributes of a digital strategy), using the appropriate algorithms.
where « Table 2.
In order to construct a suffix tree, we use an online algorithm developed in 1992 by E. Ukkonen [30]. This is one of the possible algorithms for constructing a suffix tree, which was formed on the basis of the first proposed algorithm of the suffix tree developer P. Weiner and the left-right algorithm, which was developed by McCreight E. [31].
When applying the algorithm, the suffix array receives the appropriate order, which we will consider on the example of digital strategy. For its application we will present an array of attributes of digital strategy as one word consisting of the first letters of the attributes outlined by us: Т( ) = « »$, (2) »$ – coded elements of the array (text series), the content of which is disclosed in
Next, we use the obtained suffixes of the digital strategy to build tactical approaches to digitalization of the economy through an online modulator, located at http://www.allisons.org/ll/AlgDS/Tree/Suffix/. The obtained results are displayed using Fig. 2. data. where subline. described by the equation: Rank (i) p-1 p … ′ … ′
This result in the formation of the suffix tree for the digital strategy (Fig. 2) allowed to reach that the applied approach involves determining the level of the array of values inherent in a number of According to the method of Kasai et al., the level (rank) can be determined by the formula [21]: ( ) = ( ( , ) - the longest common prefix of the suffixes specified in positions and of the Algorithm of Kasai et al. involves the use of the inverse suffix array , which can be [
Therefore,
[ ] = , which means the presence of rank j in the suffix . At the same time,
[ ] = . That is, − is the suffix of the lowest rank .
Assuming that, Р = calculated as: ( ) = [ ], then rank depends on its predecessor in the substring and can be ( , [ ]) = ( , ), where = ( −1).
This summarized on the basis of the method of Kasai et al. [21] in Table 3.
)
Calculation (3) (4) i … k+1 … i+1 ′ = = [ = [ … [ .. ′ = The obtained results indicate possible tactical approaches to digitalization of the economy: Tactical approach 1: attracting investments, overcoming digital inequality, deepening cooperation with the EU in the digital sphere, development of the country's innovative infrastructure, digital transformations;
Tactical approach 2: deepening cooperation with the EU in the digital sphere, development of the country's innovative infrastructure, digital transformations;
Tactical approach 3: development of the country's innovative infrastructure and digital transformations;
Tactical approach 4: overcoming digital inequality, deepening cooperation with the EU in the digital sphere, development of the country's innovative infrastructure, digital transformations;
Tactical approach 5: stimulating the economy, attracting investment, overcoming digital inequality, deepening cooperation with the EU in the digital sphere, development of the country's innovative infrastructure, digital transformations;
Tactical approach 6: digital transformations.
By using the Internet service, the possibility of manually constructing a suffix tree (detailed and express method) is indicated, which provides for the application of the conditions provided in [30].
Consider them in detail: 1. If "X" is a substring of txt, then "X" must be located in the suffix tree. The location is found by tracking the "X" characters from the root of the tree. 2. The substring x = txt [L..R] has a definite length, which can be represented as (L, R). 3. If "V" is the vertex of the suffix tree, then the pair "V, X" is equivalent to V [L..R], which reflects the state (location) in the suffix tree found by tracking the characteristics of the symbols X with V. 4. It is possible to create special peaks "lowlands".
5. The vertex (node) of the suffix tree is called its explicit state.
In order to ensure the intellectualization and information of economic relations, it is important to intensify goal-oriented and coordinating activities, which are implemented in the process of strategic planning. Ukraine’s digitalization strategy envisages the elimination of barriers to Ukraine’s digital transformation in the most promising areas. It will be done by stimulating the economy and attracting investment, overcoming digital inequality, deepening cooperation with the EU in the digital sphere as well as building the country's innovation infrastructure and digital transformation. According to the established dependencies, tactics are a logical continuation of the strategy, which is developed for short periods of up to a year. The implementation of tactical approaches uses management methods, various ways of managerial influence, which ensure the achievement of strategic goals on the basis of the use of resources, knowledge, skills, information etc. However, tactical approaches to digitalization and intellectualization of economic relations are not clearly defined.
In order to select them, the elements of the suffix tree method are used in the following order: definition of attributes (characteristic features) of the selected strategy and formation on their basis of the array T; detection of suffixes (Т[i..,n]) of an array of data of length n, the essence of which determines the strategy, namely the array T; construction of a suffix tree; selection of tactical approaches, moving from the root of the suffix tree to any of its letters ending in $.
As a result of the use of elements of the suffix tree method, by online modulation have been formed 6 tactical approaches to digitalization of the economy: 1. Stimulating the economy, attracting investment, overcoming digital inequality, deepening cooperation with the EU in the digital sphere, development of the country's innovation infrastructure, digital transformations; 2. Attracting investments, overcoming digital inequality, deepening cooperation with the EU in the digital sphere, development of the country's innovation infrastructure, digital transformations; 3. Overcoming digital inequality, deepening cooperation with the EU in the digital sphere, development of the country's innovative infrastructure, digital transformations; 4. Only the development of the country's innovation infrastructure and digital transformations or together with the deepening of cooperation with the EU in the digital sphere; 5. Development of the country's innovation infrastructure and digital transformations. 6. Digital transformations. 6. References [13] S. I. Rassadnykova, Stratehiia ta taktyka ekolohizatsii investytsiinoi diialnosti [Strategy and tactics of greening investment activities]. Naukovyj visnyk NLTU Ukrayiny [Scientific Bulletin of UNFU], 15.6 (2005) 396–402. [14] E. Korotaeva, Tipy uchebnoj aktivnosti: pedagogicheskaya taktika i strategiya [Types of learning activities: pedagogical tactics and strategy]. Direktor shkoly [School Director], 9 (2000) 75–80.
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