Method for the Information Resources Formation in Electronic Content Commerce Systems

Abstract

The article on developing the unified method of processing information resources in electronic content commerce systems (ECCS) is devoted. A model and a typical generalized architecture of an ECCS are developed. Strategies for designing and implementing ECCS using an on-line journal and newspaper that reflects the results of theoretical studies are developed. The general approaches for creating these systems, typical architecture and standardized methods for content formation/management/support. The on-line journal and newspaper is a typical example of an ECCS, which refers to managed cybernetic systems and has a certain properties set. Articles content is based on the on-line newspaper/journal, according to which the user searches to obtain the necessary data. However, texts filled with keywords are not always enough to get the required content by the user. Highlighting keywords in each article is a laborious and lengthy process. Using a formalized method of content analysis, the process is fully automated and occurs when the author adds a new article. The method defines similar articles to topics viewed by the user. The using content analysis advantage is to determine the content availability for a specific request, for example, to determine the lack of content on a specific topic and the authors' focus on this issue development.

1. Introduction

The problem of processing information resources in ECCSs is relevant through the active development of research in e-business and the lack of theoretical justification for methods and software tools unification for content management, formation, and support [ 1-3 ]. New approaches/ways to solve this problem appear, but there is a mismatch between the well-known technology of processing information resources and the principles of building ECCSs. There are no general approaches for creating these systems, typical architecture and standardized methods for content

The relevance of the topic is due to the globalization of e-business;

Increased demand for commercial content and quick access to it;

Uneven functioning of business processes following the regions;

2021 Copyright for this paper by its authors.  The need to promptly / regularly / periodically receive the necessary content;  Saving time/resources in obtaining the essential content;  Personalization in the provision of services and the integration of ECCSs.

The advantages of introducing these systems are to increase the efficiency of receiving content; shortening the cycle of production and sale of commercial content; lower costs associated with the exchange of content; openness towards users; automatic informing users on-line; creating alternative sales channels [ 1 ]. The peculiarity of using ECCSs is [ 7-9 ]:  Direct interaction with the user (reduction of distribution channels and elimination of intermediate links),  Openness (access for all companies/users and low barrier to enter the market) of ECCS processes,  Infinity in time (access at any time),  Globalism (access from anywhere in the world),  Automatic processing of requests and tracking information about users reduces the cost of operating the e-business and provides SRI additional information interactively [ 9-13 ].

2. Related works

Active development of the Internet contributes to the growth of demand for commercial content and

new forms for Web services [ 1-2 ]. Textual content, prepared according to users’ needs and designed to meet them, is a commercial content and the main object of e-business. The ECCSs implementation /development is one of the strategic areas of e-business development. A characteristic feature of such

ECCSs is the Web resources processing to increase content sales to regular users actively attract

potential users and expand the boundaries of the target audience [ 14-21 ]. In particular, the e-business technologies and principles are actively used in the software creation for on-line/off-line content sale in such systems as the Internet store, Cloud storage/computing, analysis, transfer and storage of content (Table 1). of Web analytics is to optimize your site and Internet marketing initiatives. Google

Analytics is a powerful tool for tracking sites of any size

CMS (Drupal, Promodo, Kasseler, Aurus, LiteDiary, SiMan, VaM Shop,

Impresspages_CMS, OpenCms, Santafox, e107, PHP-Nuke, PHP Fusion, Xaraya,

TYPO3, Mambo, Plone, osCSS, OpenCart, PrestaShop, Magento, Business Catalyst,

Joomla) is divided into Open source software for Python, Proprietary software,

software as a service, Microsoft ASP.NET, Java, PHP, Ruby on Rails, CFML /

ColdFusion Markup Language, File / flat file, Perl, Java packages, other. Content

management framework (CMF) technologies that allow you to create CMS.

BitTorrent file sharing. Allow organizing networks with the same privileges of participants (at the same time are clients and servers). Share on cross-platform intended for Android, Mac OS, Windows or GNU / Linux / UNIX.

The practical factor of the problem of processing information resources in ECCSs is associated with solving the problems [ 22-27 ]:  The fast growth rate of Internet content and the spread of access to it,  Expanding the recruitment and growth of demand for content/services,  The active development of e-business,  Creating technologies / tools and expanding the scope of the methods of formation,  Content management and support [ 2 ]

The leading world manufacturers of information processing tools actively work in this direction,

notably Oracle, Open Text, Microsoft Alfresco, IBM, SAP, EMC, CM Professionals organization,

AIIM, and Google. The theoretical factor of the problem of processing Web resources in ECCSs involves the development of unified methods for the formation/management/ support of content based on research in the field of e-business and scientific works of leading scientists (Table 2) [28-42].

different repositories through a service interface and a custom CMIS

Implementation, developed by each CMIS participant independently [2].

Natural-language texts analysis consists of sequential processes such as

semantic, syntactic and morphological analysis. For each analysis, appropriate models and algorithms are created for such natural language processing tools development as educational didactic, semantic/syntactic/morphological analysis, annotation, machine translation, content retrieval systems, etc. [ 2- 6 ].

The paper presents solutions to this problem in the form of a theoretically sound concept and description of the corresponding unified methods by processing Web resources based on the principles of construction and functional capabilities of the respective systems.

3. Material and methods

A Web resource in ECCSs is a set of data with a set of properties (Table 3), which are the object of the action of the technology for converting them into commercial content. The result of applying one technology is an information resource of another [2].

Content - in the field of information technology (IT) is formalized content and knowledge in the system without a detailed specification of their properties, formalization, and ordering [ 2 ]. Converting data that is heterogeneous in nature /content/origin into a coherent centralized information resource is essential for building and functioning ECCSs. Important tasks are ensuring the information needs of problem-oriented elements of the system, maintaining access to content of various categories of users, observing data integrity and consistency rules, minimizing / controlling excess content, the ability to develop / change the internal organization of an information resource, observing the quality and effectiveness of content [ 1 ]. It is necessary to ensure the invariance of the environment of ECCSs to modify information resources in such changes [ 1-2, 48-52 ]:  Presentation methods, formats and internal organization of content;  Storage environments for content, physical units, and hardware;  User requirements for content;  The emergence of new requirements and categories of users;  The order of distribution of content and user access methods.

There is a problem of creating a single conceptual description of an information resource to maintain

external/internal designations of content in accordance with their tasks/requirements/ changes. Therefore, we classify information resources for the study of their natural / technological / consumer qualities in order to identify characteristic / specific properties, as well as patterns / features of their formation / application. The classification is based on the basic properties of content (syntax, structure, and semantics), based on which the main classification factors are selected [ 1-2 ]: ways of presenting content; resource structuring methods; resource access paths; resource assignment. The general principles of Web resource formation in ECCSs (Fig. 1) determine the procedure and methods for selecting information from primary sources, filtering, fixation, converting to a specific format for generating the content and placing it in a database. There are plural N predefined primary sources of fixed / variable content. Each source of information xi ( i  1, N ) forms a set of values of information/knowledge/facts from the subject area of the ECCS [ 2, 53-60 ].

The result of the appeal of technological means to the source xi is the generation of a variety of values X xi , which is perceived, fixed and served in a certain form. The set of values generated by each information source is converted into an input content set of a specific format X i ( i  1, N ). Each set of content is presented in structured, loosely structured data or without a detailed description of the structure [ 61-69 ]. Structuring the content involves forming each set of reports its composition, ways of combining elements and their ordering (plural of conditions U i , where U i ) [70-76]. Each set of content is a combination of many values in a given format and plural of conditions Xi ,Ui . In the case of the formation of an input content set without a description of the structure Ui   . The received content, before formatting and saving, goes through the verification / validation procedure to confirm formal / substantive correctness / relevance according to the requirements of the system. In case of noncompliance with the specified criteria is withdrawn from further use [77-90].

Formally, we represent such a sequence of technological processes as a chain:

xi  X xi   X i  X i ,Ui  Verification X i ,Ui   Qualificat ion X i ,Ui   (1)  Conversion X i ,Ui   Downloadin g  X i ,Ui   where

N is the number of sources,

xi is i the source, X xi  is the set of generated values, X ,U , при i  1, N , X i is the set of selected content, Xi ,Ui is the set of content with many conditions, X ,U

is system resource, Downloading X i ,Ui  is content loading, Conversion Xi ,Ui  is content conversion, Qualification Xi ,Ui  is qualification,

The Table 4 presents the architectural principles of building information resources in ECCSs, [1-2,

5-6, 9-10]. The formation of the information resource is carried out by the method of homogenization/distribution/ integration (Table 5) [1-27].

Performing the sequence of steps of forming the resource by the method of homogenization, a lot of content as a result is formed/replenished. The objective of a set of distributed resources management tools is to organize the coordinated work and interaction of local technological tools to ensure the sharing of all / part of local resources. The first two methods have a number of disadvantages (Table 6) [ 1-27 ]. The main factors in the development of the integration method are the increase in the share of poorly structured data and without a preliminary description of the structure with an increase in the volume of resources.

The share of distributed

resources of a weakly structured type or without a predefined structure is growing. Therefore, special systems are used.

No limitations.

Allows you to:  Combine content of different formats, contents and origin in a single agreed set;  Combine content without generalized formatting Build virtual custom images of content that are not dependent on their actual appearance;  Operate with various content in its combination;  Dynamically supplement, modify and transform content and its descriptions;  Provide unified technologies for the perception and application of a large number of different content.

A feature of the integration method is a homogeneous/heterogeneous result that requires physical

movement of the data or uses their virtual images, a single global description of the data, or many local descriptions. Thus, it is possible to form an information resource as a single coherent consistent set of data suitable for use in solving a wide range of diverse tasks/problems in various directions of development of the electronic content commerce industry (Table 7) [ 1-27 ].

It is the provision of the services on the Internet and not the sale of

software with the installation on the user’s computer [ 6 ]. The highest user activity is concentrated here, and the purchase or free download of local software is on the periphery. The rapid success of Google (provides services) compared to Netscape (sells software) indicates a correctly chosen strategy on the eve of the dominance of Web 2.0 [ 6, 12-19 ].

When serving users from all over the world, the need for prompt translation

of the interface and content/site content is growing. Popular/common

Internet services support multilingualism [12-19].

Removes the need for regular official releases / updates [16]. Free open

source software is being developed for users to independently create sites / portals according to the requirements of Web 2.0 [ 6, 12-19 ].

Active development of applications for editing the interface in real time by

editors / users [ 6 ]. There is a growing demand for electronic dictionaries, systems for automatic spelling / grammar checking, automatic translation with mounting in the admin / editorial part of systems [ 2-9 ].

Grouping / structuring content according to semantics / content and key

facilitate the implementation of content search algorithms [ 2-3, 6-9 ].

New approaches are introduced to present search results for users who rely

more on semantics. Various linguistic filters are created to filter out random pages and spam, search by synonyms, check for viruses, etc. [ 2, 6-9, 11 ].

Access to unique databases (terminological / spelling, paradigmatic, for

automatic translation, corpus of texts, etc.) for payment [ 6, 16 ].

RSS technologies allow you to receive data from a site without visiting it,

display this data on other sites or locally in the program [ 1-3 ]. Mutual integration of projects requires applied linguistic programs, in particular, semantic analysis (for example, in the field of automatic or automated selection and grouping of news from various Internet resources) [ 1-9 ].

Popularity and / or commercial success directly depends on the number of

users involved in the project, for example, as the author of texts (Wikipedia, LiveJournal) or media (YouTube, Flickr, Photo.net), comments / product reviews (Amazon), seller / buyer (eBay), contributors to the project database in a specific area of knowledge (Open Library), content owner (BitTorrent, Wikipedia), etc. [ 1-3, 5-6 ]. Attention to the user contributes to the weight gain of linguistic content on the site. User participation in the project provides for the provision of certain linguistic tools (programs for editing text with automatic spelling, terminology and translation dictionaries of the corresponding knowledge industry, etc.) [ 13 ]. They use  various psychological / psycholinguistic techniques,  the maximum simplification of the interface and convenience [ 15 ],  the lack of advertising,  acceleration of page loading speed (AJAX),  technologies for converting a site into an analogue of a regular program with a large set of functions and ease of use, for example, mail systems (Gmail),  Web-editors of texts / images,  electronic dictionaries and programs for automatic translation of text, office programs, etc. [ 1, 2, 6 ].

They build a specific hierarchy where users with trust are moderators /

administrators of the project. They use the achievements of psycholinguistics and other disciplines related to linguistics [ 2, 6 ].

Google Books and the Open Library contain full-text corrugation books [6], which use automatic / automated text processing / recognition systems, bibliographic and cataloging systems.

Applied linguistic programs related to linguistics, for example, distance

learning of natural languages (Mova.info) [ 1-3, 6 ].

Written communicative aspect (users comment on notes, know,

communicate, etc.) [ 6 ], which led to a geometric growth of various text on the Internet and the need for new principles for its automatic processing by search engines and the development of text editing programs [ 2 ].

The community is closed to outsiders and protected (Facebook, Vkontakte,

Odnoklassniki) by professional or other interests [6, 19]. There are projects

where a user’s virtual workstation is created, which allows him to keep the sites he needs in one place without the need to visit them [ 2 ].

The communicative aspect of the Internet is growing, which is directly related to the language; therefore, the weight of research and development on computer linguistics in the functioning of ECCSs is also growing [6, 11].

Commercial content is a purchase / sale object between e-commerce participants [2], for example:

 Announcements of materials from other sections of the site or other sites (with a link),  Information blocks that are divided into syndicates (for example, a weather block),  Reference information (for example , holiday dates, event announcement, train schedule),  Entertainment information (for example, a joke of the day),  Advertising, buttons and links of information partners, statistics buttons.

The formal model of the commercial content life cycle is six elements [1-27, 77-90]:

S  X ,Creation,C, Processing, Distribution,Y , (1) where

C  c1,c2 , ,cnC  is a lot of content, X  x1, x2 , , xnX  is a lot of input information,

Creation is a function for creating content,

Processing is a function for processing content,

Distribution is a function for distributing content;

Y  y1, y2 , , ynY  is a lot of source information (Fig. 2).

→ → Figure 2: Model of a content distribution system in ECCSs → →

One type of ECCS is the Internet magazine [ 5 ], that is, a lot of structured content (for example, electronic publications in the form of articles, announcements, digests, books, reports, blogs, comments, etc.) in the information resource, is designed to meet the needs of the target audience and perception using appropriate software over the Internet (Fig. 3) [ 1-27 ]. Advantages of implementing an on-line magazine: compact; cost-effective; instantly delivers any content anywhere in the world and at any time; not tied to the problem of replication; reduced to a minimum the distance between the author and the reader; new ways of conveying information to the reader. Automatic processing of electronic publications reduces the search time for the necessary content only by entering the appropriate address or keywords in the search system [ 1-27 ].

4. Experiments, results and discussion

The process of creating content is described by a function of the form c  xi ,t   Creation uC , xi ,t  , where uC  xi  is the set of conditions for creating content, that is

Content is created as c j   uC  xi   uc1  xi ,uc2  xi , ,ucnUc  xi  . uck  xi  X   uck U F ,UC  UCx  UCx ,i  1, m , k  1, n , i.e. (3)

Content processing is described as

c  qi ,t   Processing uP , qi ,t  , where

Q  q1, q2 , , qnQ  is the set of user requests [ 2 ], uP  qi  is the conditions set for content processing, that is uP qi   up1 qi ,up2 qi , ,u fnUp qi  .

Content processing occurs as c j   u pk  qi  Q  u pk U P ,U P  U Mq  U Pq ,i  1, m , k  1, n , that is . (4)

The content distribution process is described as where uD  qi , c is the set of conditions for the distribution of content y t  t   Distribution uD , c, qi ,t, t  , uD qi , c  ud1 qi , c,ud2 qi , c, ,udnUd qi , c when y j   udk qi Q  c C   urk UR ,UD  UDc  UDc ,i  1, m, k  1, n (5)

A well-known method of text processing is content analysis, that is, the study of the contents of text

arrays / products of communicative correspondence (for example, comments, forums, electronic correspondence, articles, etc.). Content analysis consists in searching for information [ 7-8, 11 ] by semantic units (phrase, topic, idea, author, character, social situation, and the text part, clustered by the content of the category analysis) and interpretation of the result (Table 8).

Features of the formalized method of content analysis

Depending on the content / goals / objectives / hypotheses, studies form many substantial units.

The units of the account may coincide (counting the frequency of mentioning the selected semantic unit) or not coincide (the researcher forms based on the analyzed material) with the units of analysis.

Classifications by distinguished groupings using special formulas (for example,

estimating the specific gravity of meaningful categories in a text), statistical calculations of text comprehensibility / attractiveness.

Classifier general table with categories / units of analysis, which extremely clearly captures the units of expression of each category. For example, the categories of analysis in the questionnaire play the question and the units of analysis the answers. Content analysis contains information about the content (author, publication time, volume, etc.); the study results (the amount of use in specific units of analysis and conclusions by analysis category). The protocol is filled in encoded form for compact presentation of content and quick comparison of different content analysis results based on counting data of all registration cards (coding matrices, which indicate the number of units of account and the units of analysis are characterized).

The type of table is determined by the research stage, for example, in the form of a system of coordinated and subordinated analysis categories, which looks like a questionnaire: each category (questions) provides a number of features (answers) by which the text content is quantified.

If the sample size ≥ 100 units, then analyze the set of matrix sheets. Otherwise, a two-dimensional / multidimensional analysis is carried out, where for each text a coding matrix is built

Analysis units are considered against the background of wider linguistic/informative structures, indicating the nature of the segmentation of the text, within which the presence/absence of contextual units is identified. For example, for an analysis unit, the word contextual unit is a sentence. The unit of account is a quantitative measure of the analysis unit, allowing you to register the frequency (regularity) of the appearance of a characteristic of the analysis category for the content (the number of specific words or their combinations, lines, printed characters, pages, paragraphs, copyright sheets, text area, etc.). The sample parameters are determined by the objectives and scope of the study. Content is the backbone of the on-line magazine, by which the user searches to obtain the necessary information.

However, texts filled with keywords are not always enough for the user to get the necessary information.

In addition, the selection of keywords for each article is a long-term and time-consuming process. Using a formalized method of content analysis, the process is fully automated and occurs when the author adds a new article. Identify similar articles to those viewed by the user, and display them not. When using keywords, the user gets not quite similar, or completely different from the one that interests him (to increase the popularity of the article, authors add keywords on various topics). The advantage of using content analysis is to determine the availability of content for a specific request, for example, to determine the lack of content on a specific topic and the focus of the authors on the development of this issue. The on-line magazine has implemented the distribution of articles. Raw articles are sent to the input, sent to the article-processing unit. According to the rules, in search parameters, keywords and dates of the viewed articles, the articles are divided into categories (similar, popular, selected search or stop looking) and their placement in the database. The administrator controls the process. The developed articles are submitted to the blocks for searching for articles popular (with the most views), stay overlooked (by publication date within a period from a given to the current date), parametric (by user-entered parameters) and similar (by keywords of previously viewed articles by a user) and output result. The elaborated reports fall into the search unit for matches with keywords viewed by the user earlier. The number of matches for further selection, the most similar to those viewed by the author sort the generated list of articles. The first articles are selected, the number of which is set in the ECCS settings. Further, the article author work is currently being revised, moved to the top of the list and displayed for viewing by the user. Fig. 4 shows a class diagram describing the totality of the Internet journal objects (user interface, Web page and Server class group, which includes the DBMS class, Web server and search components for parameters similar to new and popular articles) and their relationship from the point of view of the project manager.

Figure 5 shows a use case diagram and a scenario for systematic execution of the on-line journal tasks. The author’s article is worked out and in a database is stored. The user’s search parameters fall into the article search block by parameters, which generates a request to the database and the corresponding articles-list to the parameters search. It transfers them to the user and the articles list viewed by the user block. The latter sends the generated list to the block for generating a list of similar articles, which gives the result to the user. Blocks for forming a new and / or popular articles list form queries into the database and display formed lists.

The actor is registered/authorized as the author in the ECCS, comments/posts articles. Actor A user is registered / authorized in the ECCS, evaluates, views, comments and searches on articles. Viewing articles by the user changes the data on the number of views of the article, including the output of an updated list of popular articles. Also, viewing and searching by parameters leads to a change in the data on viewed articles, including the output of an updated list of similar articles. Actor and Moderator generate/modify article search parameters. The ECCS generates and displays an articles list viewed by the user. Fig. 6a shows a weblog deployment diagram. b) Figure 6: Diagram a) deployment and b) the activity of the ECCS such as Internet journal

After authorization, the user/author sends for processing the article. From time to time, information

is exchanged with the database to form a new/popular articles list that meets the parameters search and the like reviewed by the user. All four of these article lists are submitted for viewing to the author/ user. Based on the lists received, the user makes a new request and the mechanism repeats. After performing the operations, the unprocessed author article is transformed into a developed article and stored in the database. It is used to search by keywords, popularity, size, and author. Fig. 6b shows a diagram of the activity of an on-line journal. The user is provided with lists of recent or popular articles that have the most views. The user can select a specific article to view, or search by parameters, leads to the conclusion of the selected / similar / found articles. In fig. 7 is a sequence diagram for an on-line journal and in Fig. 8 is a diagram of system components and dependencies between them.

5. Conclusions

The on-line journal and newspaper is a typical example of an ECCS, which refers to managed cybernetic systems and has a certain properties set. Articles content is based on the on-line newspaper/journal, according to which the user searches to obtain the necessary data. Nevertheless, texts filled with keywords are not always enough to get the required content by the user. Highlighting keywords in each article is a laborious and lengthy process. Using a formalized method of content analysis, the process is fully automated and occurs when the author adds a new article. The method defines similar articles to topics viewed by the user. The using content analysis advantage is to determine the content availability for a specific request, for example, to determine the lack of content on a specific topic and the authors’ focus on this issue development.

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