=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-2870/paper120
|storemode=property
|title=The Content Analysis Method for the Information Resources Formation in Electronic Content Commerce Systems
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2870/paper120.pdf
|volume=Vol-2870
|authors=Andrii Berko,Vasyl Andrunyk,Lyubomyr Chyrun,Mykhailo Sorokovskyy,Oksana Oborska,Oksana Oryshchyn,Mykhailo Luchkevych,Oksana Brodovska
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/colins/BerkoACSOOLB21
}}
==The Content Analysis Method for the Information Resources Formation in Electronic Content Commerce Systems==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2870/paper120.pdf
The Content Analysis Method for the Information Resources
Formation in Electronic Content Commerce Systems
Andrii Berkoa, Vasyl Andrunyka, Lyubomyr Chyrunb, Mykhailo Sorokovskyya, Oksana
Oborskaa, Oksana Oryshchyna, Mykhailo Luchkevychc and Oksana Brodovskad
a
Lviv Polytechnic National University, S. Bandera Street, 12, Lviv, 79013, Ukraine
b
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, University Street, 1, Lviv, 79000, Ukraine
c
Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, Ivan Franko Street, 24,Drohobych, 82100, Ukraine
d
Limited Liability Company Financial Company MAGNAT, E. Konovaltsya Street, 36-V, Kyiv, 01133, Ukraine
Abstract
The article on developing the unified method of processing information resources in electronic
content commerce systems (ECCS) is devoted. A model and a typical generalized architecture
of an ECCS are developed. Strategies for designing and implementing ECCS using an on-line
journal and newspaper that reflects the results of theoretical studies are developed. The general
approaches for creating these systems, typical architecture and standardized methods for
content formation/management/support. The on-line journal and newspaper is a typical
example of an ECCS, which refers to managed cybernetic systems and has a certain properties
set. Articles content is based on the on-line newspaper/journal, according to which the user
searches to obtain the necessary data. However, texts filled with keywords are not always
enough to get the required content by the user. Highlighting keywords in each article is a
laborious and lengthy process. Using a formalized method of content analysis, the process is
fully automated and occurs when the author adds a new article. The method defines similar
articles to topics viewed by the user. The using content analysis advantage is to determine the
content availability for a specific request, for example, to determine the lack of content on a
specific topic and the authors’ focus on this issue development.
Keywords 1
Electronic content commerce system, information resource, information technology,
intelligent system, content commerce, commercial content, content analysis, processing
information resource, text analysis, on-line magazine, natural language, textual content
1. Introduction
The problem of processing information resources in ECCSs is relevant through the active
development of research in e-business and the lack of theoretical justification for methods and software
tools unification for content management, formation, and support [1-3]. New approaches/ways to solve
this problem appear, but there is a mismatch between the well-known technology of processing
information resources and the principles of building ECCSs. There are no general approaches for
creating these systems, typical architecture and standardized methods for content
formation/management/support [2-6].
The relevance of the topic is due to the globalization of e-business;
Increased demand for commercial content and quick access to it;
Uneven functioning of business processes following the regions;
COLINS-2021: 5th International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Systems, April 22–23, 2021, Kharkiv, Ukraine
EMAIL: 0000-0001-6756-5661 (A. Berko); vasyl.a.andrunyk@lpnu.ua (V. Andrunyk); Lyubomyr.Chyrun@lnu.edu.ua (L. Chyrun);
Mykhailo.V.Sorokovskyy@lpnu.ua (M. Sorokovskyy); oksana.v.oborska@lpnu.ua (O. Oborska); oksana.orushchun@gmail (O. Oryshchyn);
luchkevychmm@gmail.com (M. Luchkevych); ksenyabrodovska@gmail.com (O. Brodovska)
ORCID: (A. Berko); 0000-0003-0697-7384 (V. Andrunyk); 0000-0002-9448-1751 (L. Chyrun); 0000-0002-9564-791X (M. Sorokovskyy);
0000-0001-9606-0267 (O. Oborska); 0000-0002-8969-1891 (O. Oryshchyn); 0000-0002021960252X (M. Luchkevych); 0000-0003-4828-
528X (O. Brodovska)
©️ 2021 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)
The need to promptly / regularly / periodically receive the necessary content;
Saving time/resources in obtaining the essential content;
Personalization in the provision of services and the integration of ECCSs.
The advantages of introducing these systems are to increase the efficiency of receiving content;
shortening the cycle of production and sale of commercial content; lower costs associated with the
exchange of content; openness towards users; automatic informing users on-line; creating alternative
sales channels [1]. The peculiarity of using ECCSs is [7-9]:
Direct interaction with the user (reduction of distribution channels and elimination of
intermediate links),
Openness (access for all companies/users and low barrier to enter the market) of ECCS
processes,
Infinity in time (access at any time),
Globalism (access from anywhere in the world),
Automatic processing of requests and tracking information about users reduces the cost of
operating the e-business and provides SRI additional information interactively [9-13].
2. Related works
Active development of the Internet contributes to the growth of demand for commercial content and
new forms for Web services [1-2]. Textual content, prepared according to users’ needs and designed to
meet them, is a commercial content and the main object of e-business. The ECCSs implementation
/development is one of the strategic areas of e-business development. A characteristic feature of such
ECCSs is the Web resources processing to increase content sales to regular users actively attract
potential users and expand the boundaries of the target audience [14-21]. In particular, the e-business
technologies and principles are actively used in the software creation for on-line/off-line content sale
in such systems as the Internet store, Cloud storage/computing, analysis, transfer and storage of content
(Table 1).
Table 1
Directions for the development of electronic content commerce
Specialization Specialization characteristic
On-line Content distribution through on-line newspapers, on-line magazines, distance
selling learning, on-line publications in the form of dictionaries/directories, on-line
publishing, entertainment/information/children’s portals.
Off-line Sales of content through systems such as RSS Subscription Extension, Marketing
Services Shop, copywriting services
On-line store Content systems such as files, forms, certificates, articles, manuals, digital art,
picture, movies, music, video, software, eBooks, and more
Systems Cloud storage systems (Windows Azure Storage, Ubuntuone, iCloud by Apple,
cloud storage Google Cloud Storage, FilesAnywhere, EMC Atmos, Amazon S3) and cloud
/computing computing ( Micorsoft, Palm Pre, Android, iPhone, Linux, Mac, Windows, Apple,
Google) to save different types of content or just movies, music, media / images.
Cloud computing service delivery models include infrastructure such as IaaS (Red
Hat, Rackspace, VMWare, Microsoft, and Amazon), platform as PaaS (Google
Apps), and software as SaaS (Google docs, Gmail).
Systems Site analysis services, content verification/validation, search frequency
analysis determination, keyword positioning. There are special programs, services and
content search engines for images to test the uniqueness of the content. Google / Yandex
/ Rambler search engines allow you to check for plagiarism by typing ≤ 100
characters in quotation marks in the search bar. Web analytics systems are the
tracking, gathering, and measuring of quantitative/qualitative data on the
attendance of an information resource, followed by their analysis. The main task
of Web analytics is to optimize your site and Internet marketing initiatives. Google
Analytics is a powerful tool for tracking sites of any size
Systems CMS (Drupal, Promodo, Kasseler, Aurus, LiteDiary, SiMan, VaM Shop,
management Impresspages_CMS, OpenCms, Santafox, e107, PHP-Nuke, PHP Fusion, Xaraya,
content TYPO3, Mambo, Plone, osCSS, OpenCart, PrestaShop, Magento, Business Catalyst,
(CMS) Joomla) is divided into Open source software for Python, Proprietary software,
software as a service, Microsoft ASP.NET, Java, PHP, Ruby on Rails, CFML /
ColdFusion Markup Language, File / flat file, Perl, Java packages, other. Content
management framework (CMF) technologies that allow you to create CMS.
Programs- BitTorrent file sharing. Allow organizing networks with the same privileges of
customers participants (at the same time are clients and servers). Share on cross-platform
intended for Android, Mac OS, Windows or GNU / Linux / UNIX.
The practical factor of the problem of processing information resources in ECCSs is associated with
solving the problems [22-27]:
The fast growth rate of Internet content and the spread of access to it,
Expanding the recruitment and growth of demand for content/services,
The active development of e-business,
Creating technologies / tools and expanding the scope of the methods of formation,
Content management and support [2]
The leading world manufacturers of information processing tools actively work in this direction,
notably Oracle, Open Text, Microsoft Alfresco, IBM, SAP, EMC, CM Professionals organization,
AIIM, and Google. The theoretical factor of the problem of processing Web resources in ECCSs
involves the development of unified methods for the formation/management/ support of content based
on research in the field of e-business and scientific works of leading scientists (Table 2) [28-42].
Table 2
The main theoretical results in the field of electronic content commerce
Method Characteristic
Analysis of In the works of D.V. Land, S.M. Braichevsky, A.N. Grigoryeva, V. N. Furasheva
information investigated and developed mathematical models of electronic information
flows flows and their estimation [9].
Keyword George Kingsley Zipf proposed an empirical pattern of the frequency words
Analysis distribution in a natural language [2, 9].
Capture events G. Salton and R. Papka pronounced the idea of the emergence of new trends in
informational flows [9].
Content Halverson, Woods Randy, Bob Doyle, Russell Nakano, Ann Rockley, JoAnn
lifecycle Hackos, Gerry McGovern, Bob Boiko, McKeever Susan described life cycle
models of content [2].
Content They started the methodology of D. Robertson, Strauss, Glaser, A. Lindesmith, J.
analysis Kaiser, D. Wilcox, D. Spiida, A. Tenni, B. Matthews and actively developed
F. Joubish, E. Babbie, O. Holsti, H. Lasswell, Stemler, J. Naisbitt proposed a
methodology for exploring texts to determine authorship, authenticity, or
meaning. K. Krippendorff and K. Neuendorf have developed methods for
quantitative and qualitative text analysis. D. McKeone found a difference
between prescriptive analysis and open text analysis [2].
Content Oracle, Open Text, SAP, Microsoft Alfresco, IBM and EMC have developed
management Content Management Interoperability Services (CMIS) specifications for Web
Services interfaces designed to provide interoperability between ECM systems.
The Interoperable Content Application toolkit interacts with content from
different repositories through a service interface and a custom CMIS
Implementation, developed by each CMIS participant independently [2].
Computer Natural-language texts analysis consists of sequential processes such as
linguistics semantic, syntactic and morphological analysis. For each analysis, appropriate
models and algorithms are created for such natural language processing tools
development as educational didactic, semantic/syntactic/morphological
analysis, annotation, machine translation, content retrieval systems, etc. [2- 6].
The paper presents solutions to this problem in the form of a theoretically sound concept and
description of the corresponding unified methods by processing Web resources based on the principles
of construction and functional capabilities of the respective systems.
3. Material and methods
A Web resource in ECCSs is a set of data with a set of properties (Table 3), which are the object of
the action of the technology for converting them into commercial content. The result of applying one
technology is an information resource of another [2].
Table 3
Properties of Web resources in ECCSs [43-47]
Name Property
Heterogeneity The presence of content of different origin, content, and format of presentation.
Consistency Lack of conflicting/opposing content values.
Accessibility Accessibility for all users based on standardized methods /tools/interfaces.
Openness The ability to interact, exchange values and share with external resources.
Dynamics Quick update in accordance with the conditions of the system or the external
environment.
Scalability The ability to change the logical/physical volume of content (the number of
quantities/concepts and their notation).
Controllability Change control/use of content and its impact on processes by elements/users of
the system.
Content - in the field of information technology (IT) is formalized content and knowledge in the
system without a detailed specification of their properties, formalization, and ordering [2]. Converting
data that is heterogeneous in nature /content/origin into a coherent centralized information resource is
essential for building and functioning ECCSs. Important tasks are ensuring the information needs of
problem-oriented elements of the system, maintaining access to content of various categories of users,
observing data integrity and consistency rules, minimizing / controlling excess content, the ability to
develop / change the internal organization of an information resource, observing the quality and
effectiveness of content [1]. It is necessary to ensure the invariance of the environment of ECCSs to
modify information resources in such changes [1-2, 48-52]:
Presentation methods, formats and internal organization of content;
Storage environments for content, physical units, and hardware;
User requirements for content;
The emergence of new requirements and categories of users;
The order of distribution of content and user access methods.
There is a problem of creating a single conceptual description of an information resource to maintain
external/internal designations of content in accordance with their tasks/requirements/ changes.
Therefore, we classify information resources for the study of their natural / technological / consumer
qualities in order to identify characteristic / specific properties, as well as patterns / features of their
formation / application. The classification is based on the basic properties of content (syntax, structure,
and semantics), based on which the main classification factors are selected [1-2]: ways of presenting
content; resource structuring methods; resource access paths; resource assignment. The general
principles of Web resource formation in ECCSs (Fig. 1) determine the procedure and methods for
selecting information from primary sources, filtering, fixation, converting to a specific format for
generating the content and placing it in a database. There are plural N predefined primary sources of
fixed / variable content. Each source of information xi ( i 1, N ) forms a set of values of
information/knowledge/facts from the subject area of the ECCS [2, 53-60].
Figure 1: The procedure for the formation and use of Web resources in ECCSs [1-21]
The result of the appeal of technological means to the source xi is the generation of a variety of
values X xi , which is perceived, fixed and served in a certain form. The set of values generated by
each information source is converted into an input content set of a specific format X i ( i 1, N ). Each
set of content is presented in structured, loosely structured data or without a detailed description of the
structure [61-69]. Structuring the content involves forming each set of reports its composition, ways of
combining elements and their ordering (plural of conditions U i , where U i ) [70-76]. Each set of content
is a combination of many values in a given format and plural of conditions X i ,Ui . In the case of the
formation of an input content set without a description of the structure U i . The received content,
before formatting and saving, goes through the verification / validation procedure to confirm formal /
substantive correctness / relevance according to the requirements of the system. In case of non-
compliance with the specified criteria is withdrawn from further use [77-90].
Formally, we represent such a sequence of technological processes as a chain:
xi X xi X i X i ,U i Verification X i ,U i Qualificat ion X i ,U i (1)
Conversion X i ,U i Downloadin g X i ,U i X ,U , при i 1, N ,
where N is the number of sources,
xi is i the source, X xi is the set of generated values,
X i is the set of selected content,
X i ,Ui is the set of content with many conditions,
X ,U is system resource,
Downloadin g X i ,U i is content loading,
Conversion X i ,U i is content conversion,
Qualificat ion X i ,Ui is qualification,
Verification X i ,Ui is verification
The Table 4 presents the architectural principles of building information resources in ECCSs, [1-2,
5-6, 9-10]. The formation of the information resource is carried out by the method of
homogenization/distribution/ integration (Table 5) [1-27].
Table 4
Architectural principles for building information resources in e-commerce systems
Principle Information Resource Property
System Building a resource requires consideration and coordination with the
requirements/functions of other components of the system.
Complexity In its composition, presentation formats, and content, the resource is
heterogeneous, therefore, when it is formed, they provide a combination of
heterogeneous elements into a single coherent set.
Fullness The composition of the information resource ensures the fulfillment of all tasks
and functions of the system.
Integrity Compliance with the structure (provides an isomorphism of the states of data
units and the relationships between them when they are updated), semantics
(forms a relevant interpretation of each unit / aggregate of data in all states of
the resource) and functionality (ensures the performance of all functions of the
system when changing the states of its resource).
Openness The ability of a resource to interact and exchange content with resources of
other systems/sources.
Interoperability The content, methods of perception, application, interpretation, and
functioning of the resource do not depend on platforms and implementation
technologies and are unchanged when the system functioning environment
changes.
Continuity The new state of an information resource when updating directly depends on
the previous one (it is a function of it and a set of operations on it).
Table 5
Methods of forming Web resources in ECCS
Title Characteristic
The formation of a single homogeneous set of content, namely:
obtaining knowledge and information from various previously defined
sources in an arbitrary informal form;
formalization / standardization of received from sources and
presentation in the form of thematic content;
Homogenization
verification of content (verification of compliance with syntax rules,
content, completeness, lack of repetition, etc.);
content downloads (manual / automated placement of content in a
database with additional conversion from an intermediate format to a
specific one).
Autonomous formation and use of local components (sets of the content of
Distribution certain content, structure, and purpose with a set of technologies for creating
/maintaining/managing/ access) of a single global content set.
An integrated resource forms a consistent set of values/information
/knowledge/facts suitable for sharing. All components of an integrated
resource are available for use within a single set of methods, tools and
Integration
technologies. The effect of using a global integrated information resource
exceeds the total effect of using all local resources (components of the
integration process).
Performing the sequence of steps of forming the resource by the method of homogenization, a lot of
content as a result is formed/replenished. The objective of a set of distributed resources management
tools is to organize the coordinated work and interaction of local technological tools to ensure the
sharing of all / part of local resources. The first two methods have a number of disadvantages (Table 6)
[1-27]. The main factors in the development of the integration method are the increase in the share of
poorly structured data and without a preliminary description of the structure with an increase in the
volume of resources.
Table 6
Comparison of the methods of generating information resources in e-commerce systems
Title Advantages Limitations
They are used in the following cases: there is Resource formation
only one way of presenting content and a set of requirements are stringent;
tools/technologies for its support; sources are their implementation is
Homogenization predefined, identified and specified; the problematic and often
number of sources is small; information from impossible.
sources is suitable for converting to uniform,
unified formats.
The main area of application of distributed The share of distributed
resources is the Internet, although the resources of a weakly
approach is often used in the construction of structured type or without a
Distribution
large-scale corporate systems (distributed predefined structure is
databases). growing. Therefore, special
systems are used.
Allows you to: No limitations.
Combine content of different formats,
contents and origin in a single agreed
set;
Combine content without generalized
formatting Build virtual custom images
of content that are not dependent on
Integration their actual appearance;
Operate with various content in its
combination;
Dynamically supplement, modify and
transform content and its descriptions;
Provide unified technologies for the
perception and application of a large
number of different content.
A feature of the integration method is a homogeneous/heterogeneous result that requires physical
movement of the data or uses their virtual images, a single global description of the data, or many local
descriptions. Thus, it is possible to form an information resource as a single coherent consistent set of
data suitable for use in solving a wide range of diverse tasks/problems in various directions of
development of the electronic content commerce industry (Table 7) [1-27].
Table 7
A set of urgent tasks in various areas of development of the electronic content commerce industry
Title Explanation
Internet as a The greatest success is achieved and actively developed projects that use
platform the Internet as a platform for e-commerce [6, 12-19].
Provision of It is the provision of the services on the Internet and not the sale of
services software with the installation on the user’s computer [6]. The highest user
activity is concentrated here, and the purchase or free download of local
software is on the periphery. The rapid success of Google (provides
services) compared to Netscape (sells software) indicates a correctly chosen
strategy on the eve of the dominance of Web 2.0 [6, 12-19].
Multilingualism When serving users from all over the world, the need for prompt translation
of the interface and content/site content is growing. Popular/common
Internet services support multilingualism [12-19].
Independence from Removes the need for regular official releases / updates [16]. Free open
the user source software is being developed for users to independently create sites /
portals according to the requirements of Web 2.0 [6, 12-19].
Linguistic Active development of applications for editing the interface in real time by
components of the editors / users [6]. There is a growing demand for electronic dictionaries,
system systems for automatic spelling / grammar checking, automatic translation
with mounting in the admin / editorial part of systems [2-9].
Non-rigid Grouping / structuring content according to semantics / content and key
categorization facilitate the implementation of content search algorithms [2-3, 6-9].
Content search New approaches are introduced to present search results for users who rely
more on semantics. Various linguistic filters are created to filter out random
pages and spam, search by synonyms, check for viruses, etc. [2, 6-9, 11].
Use of databases Access to unique databases (terminological / spelling, paradigmatic, for
automatic translation, corpus of texts, etc.) for payment [6, 16].
Cooperation RSS technologies allow you to receive data from a site without visiting it,
between network display this data on other sites or locally in the program [1-3]. Mutual
projects integration of projects requires applied linguistic programs, in particular,
semantic analysis (for example, in the field of automatic or automated
selection and grouping of news from various Internet resources) [1-9].
User as an active Popularity and / or commercial success directly depends on the number of
participant in the users involved in the project, for example, as the author of texts (Wikipedia,
project LiveJournal) or media (YouTube, Flickr, Photo.net), comments / product
reviews (Amazon), seller / buyer (eBay), contributors to the project
database in a specific area of knowledge (Open Library), content owner
(BitTorrent, Wikipedia), etc. [1-3, 5-6]. Attention to the user contributes to
the weight gain of linguistic content on the site. User participation in the
project provides for the provision of certain linguistic tools (programs for
editing text with automatic spelling, terminology and translation
dictionaries of the corresponding knowledge industry, etc.) [13].
User interest They use
various psychological / psycholinguistic techniques,
the maximum simplification of the interface and convenience [15],
the lack of advertising,
acceleration of page loading speed (AJAX),
technologies for converting a site into an analogue of a regular
program with a large set of functions and ease of use, for example,
mail systems (Gmail),
Web-editors of texts / images,
electronic dictionaries and programs for automatic translation of
text, office programs, etc. [1, 2, 6].
Cooperation with They build a specific hierarchy where users with trust are moderators /
users administrators of the project. They use the achievements of
psycholinguistics and other disciplines related to linguistics [2, 6].
Electronic libraries Google Books and the Open Library contain full-text corrugation books [6],
which use automatic / automated text processing / recognition systems,
bibliographic and cataloging systems.
Distance Learning Applied linguistic programs related to linguistics, for example, distance
learning of natural languages (Mova.info) [1-3, 6].
Blogs Written communicative aspect (users comment on notes, know,
communicate, etc.) [6], which led to a geometric growth of various text on
the Internet and the need for new principles for its automatic processing by
search engines and the development of text editing programs [2].
Social networks The community is closed to outsiders and protected (Facebook, Vkontakte,
Odnoklassniki) by professional or other interests [6, 19]. There are projects
where a user’s virtual workstation is created, which allows him to keep the
sites he needs in one place without the need to visit them [2].
Computational The communicative aspect of the Internet is growing, which is directly
linguistics related to the language; therefore, the weight of research and development
on computer linguistics in the functioning of ECCSs is also growing [6, 11].
Commercial content is a purchase / sale object between e-commerce participants [2], for example:
Announcements of materials from other sections of the site or other sites (with a link),
Information blocks that are divided into syndicates (for example, a weather block),
Reference information (for example , holiday dates, event announcement, train schedule),
Entertainment information (for example, a joke of the day),
Advertising, buttons and links of information partners, statistics buttons.
The formal model of the commercial content life cycle is six elements [1-27, 77-90]:
S X , Creation, C, Processing , Distribution, Y , (1)
where C c1 , c2 , , c is a lot of content,
nC
X x , x , , x is a lot of input information,
1 2 nX
Creation is a function for creating content,
Processing is a function for processing content,
Distribution is a function for distributing content;
Y y1 , y2 , , ynY is a lot of source information (Fig. 2).
→ 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑪𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 → 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 → 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 →
Figure 2: Model of a content distribution system in ECCSs
One type of ECCS is the Internet magazine [5], that is, a lot of structured content (for example,
electronic publications in the form of articles, announcements, digests, books, reports, blogs, comments,
etc.) in the information resource, is designed to meet the needs of the target audience and perception
using appropriate software over the Internet (Fig. 3) [1-27]. Advantages of implementing an on-line
magazine: compact; cost-effective; instantly delivers any content anywhere in the world and at any
time; not tied to the problem of replication; reduced to a minimum the distance between the author and
the reader; new ways of conveying information to the reader. Automatic processing of electronic
publications reduces the search time for the necessary content only by entering the appropriate address
or keywords in the search system [1-27].
Figure 3: The interaction scheme of the modules of ECCSs developed according to [9]
4. Experiments, results and discussion
The process of creating content is described by a function of the form c xi , t Creation uC , xi , t ,
where uC xi is the set of conditions for creating content, that is
uC xi uc1 xi , uc2 xi , , ucn
Uc
xi .
Content is created as c j u x X u U ,U U U , i 1, m , k 1, n , i.e.
ck i ck F C Cx Cx
(3)
Content processing is described as
c qi , t Processing u P , qi , t ,
where Q q1 , q2 , , qnQ is the set of user requests [2],
u P qi is the conditions set for content processing, that is
uP qi u p1 qi , u p2 qi , , u fn
Up
qi .
Content processing occurs as c j u q Q u U ,U U U , i 1, m , k 1, n ,
pk i pk P P Mq Pq
that is .
(4)
The content distribution process is described as
y t t Distribution uD , c, qi , t , t ,
where uD qi , c is the set of conditions for the distribution of content
uD qi , c ud1 qi , c , ud2 qi , c , , ud n
Ud
q , c
i
when
yj u q Q c C u U ,U U U ,i 1, m , k 1, n
dk i rk R D Dc Dc
(5)
A well-known method of text processing is content analysis, that is, the study of the contents of text
arrays / products of communicative correspondence (for example, comments, forums, electronic
correspondence, articles, etc.). Content analysis consists in searching for information [7-8, 11] by
semantic units (phrase, topic, idea, author, character, social situation, and the text part, clustered by the
content of the category analysis) and interpretation of the result (Table 8).
Table 8
Basic procedures for a formalized method of content analysis
Title Features of the formalized method of content analysis
Identification Depending on the content / goals / objectives / hypotheses, studies form many
of units substantial units.
Allocation of The units of the account may coincide (counting the frequency of mentioning
units the selected semantic unit) or not coincide (the researcher forms based on the
analyzed material) with the units of analysis.
Counting Classifications by distinguished groupings using special formulas (for example,
procedure estimating the specific gravity of meaningful categories in a text), statistical
calculations of text comprehensibility / attractiveness.
Protocol Classifier general table with categories / units of analysis, which extremely
development clearly captures the units of expression of each category. For example, the
categories of analysis in the questionnaire play the question and the units of
analysis the answers. Content analysis contains information about the content
(author, publication time, volume, etc.); the study results (the amount of use in
specific units of analysis and conclusions by analysis category). The protocol is
filled in encoded form for compact presentation of content and quick
comparison of different content analysis results based on counting data of all
registration cards (coding matrices, which indicate the number of units of
account and the units of analysis are characterized).
Table The type of table is determined by the research stage, for example, in the form
development of a system of coordinated and subordinated analysis categories, which looks
like a questionnaire: each category (questions) provides a number of features
(answers) by which the text content is quantified.
Matrix If the sample size ≥ 100 units, then analyze the set of matrix sheets. Otherwise, a
development two-dimensional / multidimensional analysis is carried out, where for each text a
coding matrix is built
Analysis units are considered against the background of wider linguistic/informative structures,
indicating the nature of the segmentation of the text, within which the presence/absence of contextual
units is identified. For example, for an analysis unit, the word contextual unit is a sentence. The unit of
account is a quantitative measure of the analysis unit, allowing you to register the frequency (regularity)
of the appearance of a characteristic of the analysis category for the content (the number of specific
words or their combinations, lines, printed characters, pages, paragraphs, copyright sheets, text area,
etc.). The sample parameters are determined by the objectives and scope of the study. Content is the
backbone of the on-line magazine, by which the user searches to obtain the necessary information.
However, texts filled with keywords are not always enough for the user to get the necessary information.
In addition, the selection of keywords for each article is a long-term and time-consuming process. Using
a formalized method of content analysis, the process is fully automated and occurs when the author
adds a new article. Identify similar articles to those viewed by the user, and display them not. When
using keywords, the user gets not quite similar, or completely different from the one that interests him
(to increase the popularity of the article, authors add keywords on various topics). The advantage of
using content analysis is to determine the availability of content for a specific request, for example, to
determine the lack of content on a specific topic and the focus of the authors on the development of this
issue. The on-line magazine has implemented the distribution of articles. Raw articles are sent to the
input, sent to the article-processing unit. According to the rules, in search parameters, keywords and
dates of the viewed articles, the articles are divided into categories (similar, popular, selected search or
stop looking) and their placement in the database. The administrator controls the process. The
developed articles are submitted to the blocks for searching for articles popular (with the most views),
stay overlooked (by publication date within a period from a given to the current date), parametric (by
user-entered parameters) and similar (by keywords of previously viewed articles by a user) and output
result. The elaborated reports fall into the search unit for matches with keywords viewed by the user
earlier. The number of matches for further selection, the most similar to those viewed by the author sort
the generated list of articles. The first articles are selected, the number of which is set in the ECCS
settings. Further, the article author work is currently being revised, moved to the top of the list and
displayed for viewing by the user. Fig. 4 shows a class diagram describing the totality of the Internet
journal objects (user interface, Web page and Server class group, which includes the DBMS class, Web
server and search components for parameters similar to new and popular articles) and their relationship
from the point of view of the project manager.
Figure 4: Class diagram of the system of electronic content commerce type Internet magazine
Figure 5 shows a use case diagram and a scenario for systematic execution of the on-line journal
tasks. The author’s article is worked out and in a database is stored. The user’s search parameters fall
into the article search block by parameters, which generates a request to the database and the
corresponding articles-list to the parameters search. It transfers them to the user and the articles list
viewed by the user block. The latter sends the generated list to the block for generating a list of similar
articles, which gives the result to the user. Blocks for forming a new and / or popular articles list form
queries into the database and display formed lists.
Figure 5: Use case diagram of an ECCS such as an on-line magazine
The actor is registered/authorized as the author in the ECCS, comments/posts articles. Actor A user
is registered / authorized in the ECCS, evaluates, views, comments and searches on articles. Viewing
articles by the user changes the data on the number of views of the article, including the output of an
updated list of popular articles. Also, viewing and searching by parameters leads to a change in the data
on viewed articles, including the output of an updated list of similar articles. Actor and Moderator
generate/modify article search parameters. The ECCS generates and displays an articles list viewed by
the user. Fig. 6a shows a weblog deployment diagram.
a)
b)
Figure 6: Diagram a) deployment and b) the activity of the ECCS such as Internet journal
After authorization, the user/author sends for processing the article. From time to time, information
is exchanged with the database to form a new/popular articles list that meets the parameters search and
the like reviewed by the user. All four of these article lists are submitted for viewing to the author/ user.
Based on the lists received, the user makes a new request and the mechanism repeats. After performing
the operations, the unprocessed author article is transformed into a developed article and stored in the
database. It is used to search by keywords, popularity, size, and author. Fig. 6b shows a diagram of the
activity of an on-line journal. The user is provided with lists of recent or popular articles that have the
most views. The user can select a specific article to view, or search by parameters, leads to the
conclusion of the selected / similar / found articles. In fig. 7 is a sequence diagram for an on-line journal
and in Fig. 8 is a diagram of system components and dependencies between them.
Figure 7: Sequence diagram of an e-commerce system such as an on-line journal
Figure 8: Diagram of components of an ECCS such as an on-line journal
5. Conclusions
The on-line journal and newspaper is a typical example of an ECCS, which refers to managed
cybernetic systems and has a certain properties set. Articles content is based on the on-line
newspaper/journal, according to which the user searches to obtain the necessary data. Nevertheless,
texts filled with keywords are not always enough to get the required content by the user. Highlighting
keywords in each article is a laborious and lengthy process. Using a formalized method of content
analysis, the process is fully automated and occurs when the author adds a new article. The method
defines similar articles to topics viewed by the user. The using content analysis advantage is to
determine the content availability for a specific request, for example, to determine the lack of content
on a specific topic and the authors’ focus on this issue development.
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