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      <title-group>
        <article-title>JOWO 2021 The Joint Ontology Workshops</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Episode VII: The Bolzano Summer of Knowledge</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff0">
          <label>0</label>
          <institution>Emilio M. San lippo</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec id="sec-1">
      <title>-</title>
      <p>(OntoCom)
(RobOntics)</p>
      <p>(SoLEE)
(S4BioDiv)
(IFOW)
P. Garbacz, S. Seppala
M. Gruninger
R. Hoehndorf, A. Vizedom
https://www.iaoa.org/jowo/2021/</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-2">
      <title>JOWO { The Joint Ontology Workshops</title>
      <p>These proceedings include the papers presented at JOWO 2021, the seventh
edition of the Joint Ontology WOrkshops (JOWO). JOWO is a venue of workshops
that, together, address a wide spectrum of topics related to ontology research,
ranging from cognitive science to knowledge representation, natural language
processing, arti cial intelligence, logic, philosophy, and linguistics.</p>
      <p>JOWO's mission is to provide a platform for the diverse communities interested
in building, reasoning with, and applying formalised ontologies both in theory
and applications.</p>
      <p>The previous editions of the JOWO series were the following:
• The rst JOWO edition was `Episode I: The Argentine Winter of Ontology',
held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in co-location with the 24th International
Joint Conference on Arti cial Intelligence (IJCAI 2015). The proceedings of
JOWO 2015 appeared as volume 1517 of CEUR.1
• The second JOWO edition was `Episode II: The French Summer of Ontology',
held in Annecy, France, in co-location with the 9th International Conference
on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS 2016). The proceedings of
JOWO 2016 appeared as volume 1660 of CEUR.2
• The third JOWO edition was `Episode III: The Tyrolean Autumn', hosted by
the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano in Bolzano, Italy, in September 21{23,
2017. The proceedings of JOWO 2017 appeared as volume 2050 of CEUR.3
• The fourth JOWO edition was `Episode IV: The South African Spring (JOWO
2018 @ FOIS 2018)', held in Cape Town, South Africa, in co-location with
the 10th International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems
(FOIS 2018). The proceedings of JOWO 2018 appeared as volume 2205 of
CEUR.4
• The fth JOWO edition was `Episode V: The Styrian Autumn of Ontology
(JOWO 2019)', held in Graz, Austria, on September 23{25, 2019. The
proceedings of JOWO 2019 appeared as volume 2518 of CEUR.5
• The sixth JOWO edition was `Episode VI: The Bolzano Summer of Knowledge
(JOWO 2020)', (virtually) held in Bolzano, Italy, between August 31st and
October 7th, 2020. The proceedings of JOWO 2020 appeared as volume 2708
of CEUR.6
1See http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1517/.
2See http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1660/.
3See http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2050/.
4See http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2205/.
5See http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2518/.
6See http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2708/.
JOWO 2021 comprised a confederation of 11 ontology workshops that were
associated with the 12th International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information
Systems (FOIS 2021) or the 12th International Conference on Biomedical
Ontologies (ICBO 2021). The workshops were, just like the main conferences themselves,
held in a hybrid format with the physical component taking place at the Free
University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy.</p>
      <p>The workshops cover a broad spectrum of contemporary applied ontology
research, including its foundational aspects (FOUST V, OntoCom) as well as the
application of ontologies in speci c domains, in particular, cognitive science (CAOS
V), industry (FOMI), robotics (RobOntics), social, legal and economic domains
(SoLEE), life sciences (S4BioDiv, IFOW).</p>
      <p>A total of 95 workshop papers were submitted for this volume, of which 79 were
accepted.</p>
      <p>FOIS workshop proceedings published in this volume:
• CAOS V: 5th International Workshop on Cognition And Ontologies7
• FOMI: 11th International Workshop on Formal Ontology meets Industry8
• FOUST V: 5th Workshop on Foundational Ontologies9
• OntoCom: 8th International Workshop on Ontologies and Conceptual
Modelling10
• RobOntics: 2nd International Workshop on Ontologies for Autonomous</p>
      <p>Robotics11
• SoLEE: 2nd International Workshop on Ontology of Social, Legal and
Economic Entities12</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-3">
      <title>ICBO workshop proceedings published in this volume:</title>
      <p>• IFOW: 2nd Integrated Food Ontology Workshop13
• S4BioDiv: 3rd International Workshop on Semantics for Biodiversity14
In addition, this volume publishes the short papers from three satellite events
associated with FOIS 2021:
• Early Career Symposium: A venue for current graduate students to present
and discuss their research programme with the ontology community
• Ontology Showcase: Short papers that describe existing ontologies in order
to facilitate the sharing and reuse of ontologies
• Demonstrations: Short papers that accompany demonstrations of software,
methodologies, patterns, dynamics, and challenges arising in use of ontologies
at FOIS 2021
7See http://caos.inf.unibz.it/.
8See https://www.ohio.edu/fomi2021/.
9See https://foust.inf.unibz.it/.
10See https://www.mis.ugent.be/ontocom2021/.
11See https://robontics2021.github.io/.
12See https://soleeworkshop.wordpress.com/.
13See https://foodon.org/ifow-2021-workshop/.
14See https://fusion.cs.uni-jena.de/s4biodiv2021/.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-4">
      <title>Acknowledgements</title>
      <p>We would like to thank all authors and speakers for their contributions, and
the programme committee members and additional reviewers for their timely
reviewing. Moreover, we would like to thank the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano
for their generous event support and sponsoring and the International Association
for Ontology and its Applications (IAOA)15 for providing support and facilities.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-5">
      <title>FOIS Workshops and Tutorials Chairs</title>
      <p>Torsten Hahmann
Claudio Masolo</p>
      <p>University of Maine, USA</p>
      <p>Laboratory for Applied Ontology (ISTC-CNR), Italy</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-6">
      <title>ICBO</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-7">
      <title>Workshops and Tutorials Chairs</title>
      <p>La Jolla Institute for Immunology, USA / OBO Foundry
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),
Saudi Arabia
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy</p>
      <p>Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Randi Vita
Robert Hoehndorf</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-8">
      <title>Local Chairs</title>
      <p>Oliver Kutz
Nicolas Troquard</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-9">
      <title>Proceedings Chair</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-10">
      <title>Web Chair</title>
      <p>Selja Seppala
Stefano Borgo
Oliver Kutz
Frank Loebe
Fabian Neuhaus</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-11">
      <title>JOWO Steering Committee</title>
      <p>Emilio M. San lippo</p>
      <p>Laboratory for Applied Ontology (ISTC-CNR), Italy
University College Cork, Ireland
Laboratory for Applied Ontology (ISTC-CNR), Italy
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
University of Leipzig, Germany</p>
      <p>Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg, Germany
15See http://iaoa.org.</p>
      <sec id="sec-11-1">
        <title>FOIS 2021 Workshops</title>
        <sec id="sec-11-1-1">
          <title>CAOS V</title>
        </sec>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-12">
      <title>5th International Workshop on Cognition And Ontologies</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-13">
      <title>Programme Chairs</title>
      <p>Maria M. Hedblom
Guendalina Righetti
Oliver Kutz
University of Bremen, Germany
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Ana Tanevska
Ana-Maria Olteteanu
Antonio Lieto
Brandon Bennett
Daniel Be ler
Daniele Porello
Gabriele Kern-Isberner
Jo~ao Miguel Cunha
Karl Hammar
Lucas Bechberger
Marco Schorlemmer
Michael Verdonck
Roberta Ferrario
Sanju Tiwari
Taisuke Akimoto
Tony Veale</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-14">
      <title>Programme Committee</title>
      <p>Italian Institute of Technology, Italy
Free University Berlin, Germany
University of Turin, Italy
University of Leeds, UK
University of Bremen, Germany
University of Genova, Italy
University of Dortmund, Germany
University of Coimbra, Portugal
Jonkoping University, Sweden
Osnabruck University, Germany
Arti cial Intelligence Research Institute, IIIA-CSIC, Spain
Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium
Laboratory for Applied Ontology (ISTC-CNR), Italy
Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas, Mexico
Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan</p>
      <p>University College Dublin, Irland
Ever since its rst edition was held in Annecy, France, in July 2016, `CAOS:
Cognition And OntologieS' is devoted to the formal modelling, the ontology, and the
simulation and representation of the relationships between cognition, behaviour
and thought. With the primary focus on how key cognitive phenomena and
behaviours can be formally represented to aid the advancement of arti cial
intelligence, knowledge representation and cognitive robotics towards more cognitively
plausible, explainable, and human-friendly directions, CAOS has become a venue
for researchers on all career levels to discuss their work.</p>
      <p>CAOS thus aims to engage a diverse and interdisciplinary audience coming from
research areas in philosophy and linguistics, psychology, cognitive science and
computer science, and related elds. The purpose of the workshop is to promote
the development of excellent research, strengthen research collaborations, and to
o er a venue where unconventional topics can be discussed in an open, yet
challenging and ambitious environment. Therefore, we are happy that the fth edition
of CAOS has accepted papers from a broad spectrum of topics.
Contributions to the workshop range from logical treatments of areas such as
formal concept combinations and narrative structure, to ontological issues of
cognitive bias and rhetorical gures. In addition, it includes works that investigate
more applied areas within cognitive ontologies, such as the use of image schemas
in cognitive robotics, hybrid AI systems combining neural networks with
semantics, and the lexicalisation of visual properties of concepts. Perhaps due to the
hybrid format of the workshop, we are proud to announce that the eight accepted
submissions are authored by people from four di erent countries and seven
different institutions. The interdisciplinary CAOS community also shows an
excellent gender balance, with half of the accepted papers rst-authored by women
(and a total of around 25 percent female authors). Likewise, our program
committee consists of a wide variety of scholars with expertise from di erent scienti c
backgrounds and 16 di erent institutions.
11th International Workshop on Formal Ontology meets Industry</p>
      <sec id="sec-14-1">
        <title>FOMI</title>
        <p>Dusan Sormaz
Walter Terkaj
Rebeca Arista Rangel
Riichiro Mizoguchi
Stefano Borgo
Tiago Prince Sales</p>
        <p>Airbus, Spain
Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Japan
Laboratory for Applied Ontology, (ISTC-CNR), Italy</p>
        <p>Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
FOMI is an international forum where academic researchers and industrial
practitioners meet to analyse and discuss application issues related to methods, theories,
tools and applications based on formal ontologies. There is today wide agreement
that knowledge modelling and the semantic dimension of information play an
increasingly central role in networked economy: semantic-based applications aim to
provide a framework for information and knowledge sharing, reliable information
exchange, meaning negotiation and coordination between distinct organizations
or among members of the same organization. Theoretical ideas seem often very
promising but their actual implementation brings up unexpected problems and
issues. The FOMI 2021 Workshop deals with:
1. Experience with problems in ontology application;
2. New insights on known problematic issues;
3. New results;
4. Successes and observations in ontology implementation;
5. Lessons learned on the best way to apply ontological methodologies to
realworld situations
FOMI 2021 will facilitate open discussion and experience sharing. Very similar
problems arise in disparate ontology applications and an open discussion helps
to highlight commonalities and to spread ideas for possible solutions. For this
reason, FOMI welcomes researchers and practitioners that embrace this
perspective without restrictions on the domains they deal with: business, medicine,
engineering, nance, law, biology, geography, electronics, etc. Indeed, the accepted
contributions at FOMI 2021, nine in total, tackle heterogeneous topics.
Three works are related to the aerospace industry, addressing the recon guration
of production systems (Arista et al.), the modelling of aircraft assembly processes
(Zheng et al.), and the modelling of ight procedures (Tarbouriech et al.). Two
more papers deal with the manufacturing domain, in particular maintenance of
manufacturing assets (Woods et al.) and modelling of manufacturing resource
capabilities (Borgo et al.). Other speci c domains are addressed like the
construction industry (Cao et al.), the corrosion protection of metallic surfaces (Klein
et al.), the modelling of assembled systems (Compagno et al.), and web services
to support ontology-driven conceptual modelling (Fonseca et al.). In addition,
di erent foundational ontologies are exploited in the industrial applications, like
PSL (Tarbouriech et al.), DOLCE (Borgo et al.), UFO (Fonseca et al.), and BFO
(Zheng et al., Woods et al.).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec id="sec-14-2">
        <title>FOUST V</title>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-15">
      <title>5th Workshop on Foundational Ontology Programme Chairs</title>
      <p>Foundational ontology is about categories of reality or thought which are common
to all or almost all subject-matters. Commonly considered examples of such
categories include `object', `quality', `function', `role', `process', `event', `time', and
`place'. There are several foundational ontologies that provide a systematic
formal representation of these categories, their relationships, and interdependencies.
Amongst existing foundational ontologies, there is both a substantial measure
of agreement and some dramatic disagreements. There is currently no uniform
consensus concerning how a foundational ontology should be organised, how far
its `reach' should be (e.g., is the distinction between physical and non-physical
entities su ciently fundamental to be included here?), and even what role it
should play in relation to more specialised domain ontologies.</p>
      <p>The main use of foundational ontologies is as a starting point for the development
of domain ontologies and application ontologies. A foundational ontology provides
an ontology engineer with a conceptual framework that enables her to analyse a
given domain, identify the entities in the domain as specialisations of the generic
categories in the foundational ontology, and often reuse relationships (e.g.,
parthood) from the foundational ontology. The utilisation of foundational ontologies
for the development of domain and application ontologies has two main bene ts.
Firstly, the ontology engineer can reuse an existing set of well-studied ontological
distinctions and design principles instead of having to develop an ad-hoc solution.
Secondly, if two domain ontologies are based on the same foundational ontology,
it is easier to integrate them.</p>
      <p>FOUST is an ontology workshop series that o ers researchers in foundational
ontology an opportunity to present their results. This includes work on speci c
areas of foundational ontology as well as work on a particular foundational
ontology. Topics covered in this edition of FOUST include, amongst others, processes,
events, functions, roles, and identity criteria.</p>
      <sec id="sec-15-1">
        <title>OntoCom</title>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-16">
      <title>8th International Workshop on Ontologies and Conceptual Modelling</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-17">
      <title>Programme Chairs and Committee</title>
      <p>Sergio de Cesare University of Westminster, UK
Frederik Gailly Ghent University, Belgium
Giancarlo Guizzardi Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy; University of Twente, The</p>
      <p>Netherlands
Mark Lycett Royal Holloway, University of London, UK
Chris Partridge BORO Solutions Ltd., UK; University of Westminster, UK
Oscar Pastor Universitat Politecnica de Valencia,, Spain
The International Workshop on Ontologies and Conceptual Modelling (OntoCom)
is an academic workshop that concerns the practical and formal application of
ontologies to conceptual modelling. While models pervade the information
systems lifecycle from requirements to implementation, there appears to be a lack
of theoretical foundation in the way that models are developed. As a result it
is quite common for practitioners, even working together, to produce di erent
representations of the same real world domain or system. Conversely, a preferred
approach would be one in which IS practitioners have the necessary conceptual
tools to enable them to accurately represent the things that exist in the real
world. Foundational or upper ontologies have the potential to resolve the di cult
problems that derive from a lack of a consistent and sound ontological theory. The
bene ts that can derive from the application of a foundational ontology include
improved mapping to the real world domain, increased level of communication
and understanding among stakeholders, model reuse, semantic integration and
interoperability and increased overall e ciency and e ectiveness of information
systems development and evolution. The theme of OntoCom continues to be
foundational ontologies and their meta-ontological choices. The workshop will be both
theoretically and practically oriented with discussions and worked examples.</p>
      <sec id="sec-17-1">
        <title>RobOntics</title>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-18">
      <title>2nd International Workshop on Ontologies for Autonomous Robotics</title>
      <p>Daniel Be ler
Stefano Borgo
Mohammed Diab
Aldo Gangemi
Alberto Olivares-Alarcos
Mihai Pomarlan
Robert Porzel</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-19">
      <title>Programme Chairs</title>
      <p>University of Bremen, Germany
Laboratory for Applied Ontology (ISTC-CNR), Italy
Imperial College London, UK
University of Bologna, Italy; ISTC-CNR, Italy
Institut de Robotica i Informatica Industrial
(CSICUPC), Spain
University of Bremen, Germany</p>
      <p>University of Bremen, Germany</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-20">
      <title>Programme Committee</title>
      <p>RobOntics focuses on the area of robot autonomy enabled by knowledge-driven
approaches, and in particular formal ontologies. It aims to foster interaction across
robotics, ontology, and knowledge representation and reasoning, to match open
problems to promising approaches, and to review progress in knowledge-driven
robotics.</p>
      <p>A partial list of topics of interest includes:
• Foundational issues: which ontological approaches are better suited for
autonomous robotics? how should notions such as capability or context be
modelled?
• Robustness: how can ontologies help robots cope with the variety and relatively
uid structure of human environments?
• Ontologies in the perception-action loop: how might ontologies be used to
recognize action possibilities?
• Interactivity: how should conversations be formalized, in particular the giving
of instructions?
• Normed behavior: how can we represent, and then have a robot act according
to, norms on behavior?
• Explainability: what is an explanation, and how can one be generated from a
collection of knowledge items?</p>
      <sec id="sec-20-1">
        <title>SoLEE</title>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-21">
      <title>2nd International Workshop on Ontology of Social, Legal and Economic</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-22">
      <title>Entities</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-23">
      <title>Programme Chairs</title>
      <p>Ludger Jansen University of Rostock, Germany
Mathias Brochhausen University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
Giancarlo Guizzardi Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy; University of Twente, The</p>
      <p>Netherlands
Daniele Porello University of Genova, Italy
Mauricio Almeida
Mike Bennett
Roberta Ferrario
Mattia Fumagalli
Cristine Gri o
Paul Johannesson
Riichiro Mizoguchi
J. Neil Otte
Tiago Prince Sales
Barry Smith</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-24">
      <title>Programme Committee</title>
      <p>Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
Hypercube Ltd., UK
Laboratory for Applied Ontology (ISTC-CNR), Italy
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
JAIST, Japan
Johns Hopkins University, USA
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy</p>
      <p>University at Bu alo, USA
Understanding the ontological nature of social, legal and economic concepts and
institutions is crucial for providing principled modelling in many important
domains, such as enterprise modelling, business processes, and social ontology. A
signi cant number of fundamental concepts that are ubiquitous in economics,
social, and legal sciences (such as value, risk, capability, good, service, exchange,
transaction, competition, social norm, group, institution) have only recently been
approached from a speci cally ontological perspective. It is therefore important
to o er a venue to gather the recent contributions to this topic. The workshop
encouraged submissions on both theoretical and methodological issues in the use
of ontologies for modelling social, legal and economic concepts and institutions, as
well as submissions on concrete use of ontologies in application for these domains.
The rst SoLEE workshop took place in 2019 at JOWO in Graz, Austria,
continuing strands of discusssions from two previous events, SoLE-BD and Ontology
of Economics 2018. The SoLEE workshop intends to broaden the focus in order
to explore the emerging question of how to deal with social entities in general,
and to connect well established domains like biomedicine and business ontologies
in this respect. As its precursors, SoLEE 2021 collects approaches to deal with
social, legal and economic entities in foundational and applied ontologies and
discusses applications of these approaches to social, legal and economic entities in
ontologies for biomedicine and business informatics.</p>
      <sec id="sec-24-1">
        <title>ICBO 2021 Workshops</title>
        <sec id="sec-24-1-1">
          <title>IFOW</title>
        </sec>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-25">
      <title>2nd Integrated Food Ontology Workshop Programme Chairs</title>
      <p>Ontologies are new entrants into the food controlled vocabulary domain,
bringing a wave of Semantic Web technology and philosophy to bear on the issue
of data sharing and modeling of food-related activity and research which are
becoming critical in the face of rapid change to our environment and
anthroposphere. Examples range from BBC's Food Ontology, driving its culinary
media universe, to recent research laboratory initiated ontologies like OBOFoundry
members FoodOn, the Food Biomarker Ontology (FOBI), the Ontology for
Nutritional Studies (ONS), the Ontology for Nutritional Epidemiology (ONE), the
Food Interactions with Drugs Evidence Ontology (FIDEO), and the Crop
Dietary Nutrition Ontology (CDNO). Underpinning these mid-level, model-focused
ontologies are environmental, chemical, biological, anatomical, disease and
phenotype ontologies.</p>
      <p>Academic, agricultural and public health agencies are considering the bene ts and
complexities of adopting ontology in their research and data management and
reporting infrastructure. How can ontologies interface to legacy datasets and online
databases described by existing vocabularies? What vocabulary, tool ecosystem
and data models are needed to correlate agricultural treatments, nutritional data,
eating patterns, biomarkers, pathogens, and phytochemical levels with disease
and health phenotypes? Encouraged by the success of the inaugural 2020 IFOW
workshop, this second round in 2021 will explore the evolution of food-related
ontologies as they integrate ecological, agricultural, nutritional, dietary, public
health, one health surveillance, food security, and trade domain vocabulary, and
the use of curation, validation, mapping and visualization tools for food ontology
maintenance.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-26">
      <title>3rd International Workshop on Semantics for Biodiversity</title>
      <sec id="sec-26-1">
        <title>S4BioDiv</title>
        <p>Alsayed Algergawy
Naouel Karam
Friederike Klan
Franck Michel
Ilaria Rosati
Alessandro Oggioni
Anne Toulet
Barabara Magagna
Birgitta Koenig-Ries
Caterina Bergami
Catherine Faron
Catherine Roussey
Claire Nedellec
Claus Weiland
Clement Jonquet
Dilvan Moreira
Faiez Gargouri
Felicitas Lo er
Isabelle Mougenot
Konstantin Todorov
Mark Schildhauer
Nicola Fiore
Olivier Corby
Oscar Corcho
Pierre Larmande
Salima Benbernou
Institute of Computer Science, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena,
Germany
Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems (FOKUS)
&amp; Institute for Applied Informatics (InfAI e.V.), Germany
Institute of Data Science, German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.),
Germany
Universite Cote d'Azur, CNRS, Inria, France
Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET) { Italian
National Research Council (CNR) &amp; LifeWatch Italy
Biodiversity deals with heterogeneous data and concepts generated from a large
number of disciplines in order to build a coherent picture of the extent of life on
earth. The presence of such a myriad of data resources makes integrative
biodiversity research increasingly important, as well as challenging given the variety
of ways in which data and information are produced and made available. The
Semantic Web approach enhances data discoverability, sharing, interoperability
and integration through a formalized conceptual environment providing common
formats, standards, and terminological resources. This workshop aims to bring
together computer scientists and biologists, working on Semantic Web approaches
for biodiversity, ecology and related areas such as plant sciences, agronomy,
agroecology or citizen science related to biodiversity. The goal is to exchange
experiences, build a state of the art of realizations and challenges, and reuse and adapt
solutions that have been proposed in other domains. The workshop focuses on
presenting challenging issues and novel solutions for the design of high-quality
biodiversity information systems leveraging Semantic Web techniques.
S4BioDiv 2021 welcomed topics related to the application and development of
semantic web technologies to support research in the biodiversity domain and
related areas. These include, but are not limited to the following areas:
The workshop is a full-day event on September 15th co-located with the 12th
International Conference on Biomedical Ontologies (ICBO 2021), September 15-18,
Bolzano, Italy. In total, 11 paper submissions presenting new research results and
ongoing projects have been submitted. All of these were reviewed by at least three
members of the program committee. Out of the submitted contributions, four full
papers, two short papers, and four poster papers were accepted for presentation
at the workshop and publication in these proceedings. The program included two
keynote talks highlighting two vital and challenging topics related to biodiversity
research and Open Science in general. Michael Diepenbroek, Senior consultant at
the National Research Data Infrastructure for Biodiversity (NFDI4BioDiversity)
and senior head of the World Data Center PANGAEA, talked about "The
application of semantic resources and technologies for the discovery and integration of
geo- and biosciences data". Mark Schildhauer, was the Director of Computing at
NCEAS from its opening in 1995 until 2017, presented his thoughts on "".
We very much appreciate the nancial support kindly provided by the
Collaborative Research Centre AquaDiva (CRC 1076) funded by the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). Finally, we thank all authors who submitted their work to
the workshop and all reviewers for their valuable support.</p>
        <sec id="sec-26-1-1">
          <title>Other FOIS 2021 Satellite Events</title>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec id="sec-26-2">
        <title>FOIS 2021 Early Career Symposium</title>
        <p>For any conference, the Early Career Symposium (ECS) represents the
investment done by the current generation of researchers into the future generations
of the eld. Arguably, while established researchers contribute to strengthening
the fundamentals of the research eld, it is often the young generation that
provides innovation and groundbreaking ideas. In order to foster the state of art in
ontology research, the ECS at FOIS welcomes early stage researchers working
on innovative and novel research topics for presentation at the conference. The
symposium encourages mentorship among established and emerging researchers
towards constructive discussions surrounding novel research. As the future
remains unwritten, the ECS accepts a wide variety of research topics focused on
ontologies and knowledge representation. In particular, because of its
contextualisation within FOIS, it welcomes research addressed in an interdisciplinary way
with an open-minded aptitude towards philosophical ontology, cognitive science,
and linguistics.</p>
        <p>This year, the ECS committee accepted seven students that were invited to
present their work in the ECS. The topics covered diverse areas: formal approaches
to procedures, construed in terms of canonical forms, and to events, construed as
transitions among situations; goal-oriented conceptual modelling; use of
upperlevel ontologies to improve metrics for semantic similarity and relatedness
evaluation; use of domain ontologies in explainable AI in legal classi cation systems;
ontological engineering for o shore petroleum production plants; and principles
of conceptual modelling based on dialectical materialism.</p>
        <p>We wish to thank the PC members for their constructive feedback.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec id="sec-26-3">
        <title>FOIS 2021 Demonstrations</title>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-27">
      <title>Programme Chairs</title>
      <p>Amanda Vizedom
Robert Hoehndorf</p>
      <p>Credit Suisse, USA
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-28">
      <title>Programme Committee</title>
      <p>Dean Allemang
Jennifer Cooper
Anna Maria Masci
Nuria Rosinach
Jesualdo Tomas Fernandez-Breis
Meika Ungricht</p>
      <p>Working Ontologist LLC, USA
Apple, USA
Duke University, USA
Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
Universidad de Murcia, Spain</p>
      <p>Semantic Arts, Inc., USA
New to FOIS this year, the demonstrations track sought to complement the
research tracks by o ering a series of action, interaction, and process-focused events.
The scope was drawn broadly to include software, methodologies, patterns,
dynamics, and challenges. A goal of FOIS Demonstrations is to raise the visibility
and foster understanding of the dynamic, integrative, and use-oriented aspects of
applied ontology and its tools. The emphasis is on what happens.
This year's demonstrations include, in various combinations, software, software
architecture, ontology design patterns, and methodologies. Hu er and Handley
present a pipeline in which ontologies and machine learning are used to create
metadata for datasets in NASA's vast collection, then to make those datasets
discoverable and reusable. Bouter, Kruiger, and Verhoosel o er a data
processing and integration tool that uses a domain-independent ontology to generalize
an Ontology-Based Data Access method originally developed in the context of
horticulture. Flugel, Kleinau, Neuhaus, Glauer, and Hastings present a tool for
translating OWL ontologies to FOL, aiming at an expressivity gap that often
impedes integration of domain and upper ontologies. Fornara and Sterpetti present
a system architecture that uses OWL reasoning and forward chaining to
monitor conditions in relation to norms. Queralt-Rosinach, Wilkinson, Kaliyaperumal,
Bernabe, Long, Dumontier, Scho eld, and Roos present a design pattern and a
method for applying it in modeling of heterogenous health care datasets,
improving interoperability. Hunt o ers a design pattern for modeling heterogenous data
while satisfying real-world requirements, via canonical entities.</p>
      <sec id="sec-28-1">
        <title>FOIS 2021 Ontology Showcase</title>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-29">
      <title>Programme Chair and Programme Committee</title>
      <p>Michael Gruninger
Roberta Ferrario</p>
      <p>University of Toronto, Canada</p>
      <p>Laboratory for Applied Ontology (ISTC-CNR), Italy
As the Applied Ontology community, we have reached the point where an
impressive variety of ontologies have been developed across a wide range of domains. For
the most part, however, there has been a lack of coordination among these e orts
and even a lack of awareness about the work that is being done by groups within
the community. How can we best support ontology repositories so that curated
ontologies are ndable and accessible? What are the barriers to sharability and
reusability that still exist? The Ontology Showcase will be the venue that
facilitates the sharing and reuse of ontologies, with the goal of achieving the vision of
seamless semantic interoperability of curated ontologies within their applications.
Submissions should follow the scope and evaluation criteria for the main track
for FOIS, giving an overview of the ontology and its application. In particular,
submissions should address the following questions:
• What is the domain of the ontology?
• How is the ontology being used? e.g. search, question answering, semantic
integration
• What datasets are used in these applications?
• What other ontologies are reused?
• Are there other ontologies within the same domain?
• What are the competency questions used for the design and evaluation of the
ontology?
The Ontology Showcase will facilitate open discussion and experience sharing.
Very similar problems arise in disparate ontology applications and an open
discussion helps to highlight commonalities and to spread ideas for possible
solutions. For this reason, FOMI welcomes researchers and practitioners that embrace
this perspective without restrictions on the domains they deal with: business,
medicine, engineering, nance, law, biology, geography, electronics, etc.</p>
    </sec>
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