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    <journal-meta />
    <article-meta>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>9th International Workshop “What can FCA do for Artificial Intelligence?”</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>“What can FCA do for Artificial Intelligence?”</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Montréal</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Québec</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Canada</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff0">
          <label>0</label>
          <institution>Amedeo Napoli Université de Lorraine</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>CNRS, Inria, LORIA, 54000 Nancy</addr-line>
          ,
          <country country="FR">France</country>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>30th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec id="sec-1">
      <title>-</title>
      <p>FCA4AI 2021
IJCAI 2021</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-2">
      <title>The eight editions of the FCA4AI Workshop showed that many researchers working in Artificial</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-3">
      <title>Intelligence are deeply interested by a well-founded method for classification and data mining such</title>
      <p>as Formal Concept Analysis (see https://conceptanalysis.wordpress.com/fca/).</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-4">
      <title>FCA4AI started with ECAI 2012 (Montpellier) and the last edition was co-located with ECAI</title>
      <p>2020 (Santiago de Compostela, virtual conference). The FCA4AI workshop has now a quite long
history and all the proceedings are available as CEUR proceedings (see http://ceur-ws.org/, volumes
939, 1058, 1257, 1430, 1703, 2149, 2529, and 2729). This year, the workshop has again attracted
researchers from many different countries working on actual and important topics related to FCA,
showing the diversity and the richness of the relations between FCA and AI.</p>
      <p>Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is a mathematically well-founded theory aimed at data analysis
and classification. FCA allows one to build a concept lattice and a system of dependencies
(implications and association rules) which can be used for many AI needs, e.g. knowledge discovery, machine
learning, knowledge representation, reasoning, ontology engineering, as well as information retrieval
and text processing. Recent years have been witnessing increased scientific activity around FCA, in
particular a strand of work emerged that is aimed at extending the possibilities of FCA w.r.t.
knowledge processing. These extensions are aimed at allowing FCA to deal with more complex data, both
from the data analysis and knowledge discovery points of view. Actually these investigations provide
new possibilities for AI practitioners within the framework of FCA. Accordingly, we are interested in
the following issues:</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-5">
      <title>How can FCA support AI activities such as knowledge processing, i.e. knowledge discovery, knowledge representation and reasoning, machine learning (clustering, pattern and data mining), natural language processing, information retrieval. . .</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-6">
      <title>How can FCA be extended in order to help AI researchers to solve new and complex problems in their domains, in particular how to combine FCA with neural classifiers for improving interpretability of the output and producing valuable explanations. . .</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-7">
      <title>The workshop is dedicated to discussion of such issues. First of all we would like to thank all the</title>
      <p>authors for their contributions and all the PC members for their reviews and precious collaboration.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-8">
      <title>This year, 24 papers were submitted and 14 were accepted for presentation at the workshop, out of</title>
      <p>which 6 short papers. The papers submitted to the workshop were carefully peer-reviewed by three
members of the program committee. Finally, the order of the papers in the proceedings (see page 5)
follows the program order (see http://fca4ai.hse.ru/2021/).</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-9">
      <title>The Workshop Chairs</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-10">
      <title>Sergei O. Kuznetsov</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-11">
      <title>National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-12">
      <title>Sebastian Rudolph</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-13">
      <title>Technische Universität Dresden, Germany</title>
      <p>Copyright c 2021 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).</p>
      <p>Program Committee
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13</p>
      <sec id="sec-13-1">
        <title>Modelling Conceptual Schemata with Formal Concept Analysis</title>
        <p>Uta Priss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7</p>
      </sec>
      <sec id="sec-13-2">
        <title>Data Overview by Means of Delta-Classes of Equivalence. The Case of the Titanic</title>
      </sec>
      <sec id="sec-13-3">
        <title>Dataset</title>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-14">
      <title>Aleksey Buzmakov, Sergei O. Kuznetsov, Tatiana Makhalova, and Amedeo Napoli . . 19</title>
      <sec id="sec-14-1">
        <title>FCA Went (Multi-)Relational, But Does It Make Any Difference?</title>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-15">
      <title>Mickaël Wajnberg, Petko Valtchev, Mario Lezoche, Alexandre Blondin-Massé, and Hervé Panetto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27</title>
      <sec id="sec-15-1">
        <title>Likely-Occurring Itemsets for Pattern Mining</title>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-16">
      <title>Tatiana Makhalova, Sergei O. Kuznetsov, and Amedeo Napoli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39</title>
      <sec id="sec-16-1">
        <title>Concept-based Chatbot for Interactive Query Refinement in Product Search</title>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-17">
      <title>Elizaveta Goncharova, Dmitry Ilvovsky, and Boris Galitsky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51</title>
      <sec id="sec-17-1">
        <title>Variability Extraction from Simulator I/O Data Schemata in Agriculture Decision</title>
      </sec>
      <sec id="sec-17-2">
        <title>Support Software</title>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-18">
      <title>Thomas Georges, Marianne Huchard, Mélanie König, Clémentine Nebut, and Chouki Tibermacine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59</title>
      <sec id="sec-18-1">
        <title>Multimodal Clustering with Evolutionary Algorithms</title>
        <p>Mikhail Bogatyrev, Dmitry Orlov, and Tatiana Shestaka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71</p>
      </sec>
      <sec id="sec-18-2">
        <title>On Suboptimality of GreConD for Boolean Matrix Factorisation of Contranominal</title>
      </sec>
      <sec id="sec-18-3">
        <title>Scales</title>
        <p>Dmitry Ignatov and Alexandra Yakovleva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87</p>
      </sec>
      <sec id="sec-18-4">
        <title>Summation of Decision Trees</title>
        <p>Egor Dudyrev and Sergei O. Kuznetsov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99</p>
      </sec>
      <sec id="sec-18-5">
        <title>Ensemble Techniques for Lazy Classification Based on Pattern Structures</title>
        <p>Ilya Semenkov and Sergei O. Kuznetsov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105</p>
      </sec>
      <sec id="sec-18-6">
        <title>A Concept of Self-Supervised Logical Rule Inference in Symbolic Classifications</title>
        <p>Xenia Naidenova and Vladimir Parkhomenko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113</p>
      </sec>
      <sec id="sec-18-7">
        <title>Non-Redundant Link Keys in RDF Data: Preliminary Steps</title>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-19">
      <title>Nacira Abbas, Alexandre Bazin, Jérôme David, and Amedeo Napoli . . . . . . . . . . 125</title>
      <sec id="sec-19-1">
        <title>Formal Concept Analysis for Semantic Compression of Knowledge Graph Versions</title>
        <p>Damien Graux, Diego Collarana, and Fabrizio Orlandi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
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