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<pre>
Preface
Leen Lambers1 , Meng Wang2
1
  Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering gGmbH, Campus Griebnitzsee, Universität Potsdam,
Prof.-Dr.-Helmert-Straße 2 - 3, 14482 Potsdam
2
  University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Clifton, Bristol, BS8 1UB



   This volume contains the proceedings of Bx 2021, the 9th International Workshop on Bidirec-
tional Transformations. Bx 2021 was planned to take place at the Western Norway University
of Applied Sciences in Bergen, Norway, as part of STAF (Software Technologies: Applications
and Foundations), a federation of leading conferences on software technologies. Due to the
global situation of the pandemic and the restrictions still in place, the workshop ran virtually as
part of the STAF conference on June 21, 2021.
   Bidirectional transformations (bx) are a mechanism for maintaining the consistency between
two or more related (and heterogeneous) sources of information (i.e., relational databases,
software models and code, or any other artefacts following standard or domain-specific formats).
The strongest argument in favour of bx is its ability to provide a synchronization mechanism
that is guaranteed to be correct by construction. Bx has been attracting a wide range of research
areas and communities, with prominent presence at top conferences in several different fields
(namely databases, programming languages, software engineering, and graph transformation).
Nowadays, the fast-growing complexity of software- or data-intensive systems has forced the
industry and the academy to use and investigate different development techniques to manage
the many different aspects of the systems. Researchers are actively investigating the use of
bidirectional approaches to tackle a diverse set of challenges with various applications including
model-driven software development, visualization with direct manipulation, big data, databases,
domain-specific languages, serializers, and data transformation, integration and exchange. Bx
2021 is a dedicated venue for bx in all relevant fields and is part of a workshop series that was
created in order to promote cross-disciplinary research and awareness in the area. As such,
since its beginning in 2012, the workshop has rotated between venues in different fields.
   The workshop solicited five categories of submissions: full research papers, tool papers,
experience reports, short papers, and talk proposals. Bx 2021 attracted 7 submissions, and the
Program Committee selected two full research papers, one tool paper and two short papers
for publication. One of the submissions was accepted for presentation at the workshop. All
submissions were reviewed thoroughly by at least three Program Committee members. The
topics of the accepted papers range over a wide spectrum, from the realization of bx using
lenses, over new bx features, to bx applications. The Bx 2021 program also included a keynote,

Bx 2021: 9th International Workshop on Bidirectional Transformations, part of STAF, June 21, 2021
" Leen.Lambers@hpi.de (L. Lambers); meng.wang@bristol.ac.uk (M. Wang)
~ https://hpi.de/giese/people/dr-leen-lambers.html (L. Lambers);
https://www.bristol.ac.uk/people/person/Meng-Wang-c7e34d58-549c-4456-ad41-8392dab75a91/ (M. Wang)
 0000-0001-6937-5167 (L. Lambers); 0000-0001-7780-630X (M. Wang)
                                       © 2021 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
    CEUR
    Workshop
    Proceedings
                  http://ceur-ws.org
                  ISSN 1613-0073       CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)
given by Edward Kmett, a researcher at the Machine Intelligence Research Institute and Senior
Technical Advisor at Groq.
   We would like to thank all who contributed to the success of Bx 2021, our keynote speaker
Edward Kmett, the authors and presenters of all submissions, and the members of the Program
Committee for their valuable contributions to the selection process. We are grateful to Romina
Eramo and Anthony Anjorin as chairs of the Bx Steering Committee for their valuable sugges-
tions; to Adrian Rutle, the general chair of STAF 2021; to Ludovico Iovino and Lars Michael
Kristensen, the workshop chairs of STAF 2021 and to the STAF federation of conferences for
hosting Bx 2021 and supporting us in all organizational matters. We would also like to thank
EasyChair for providing support for the review process.

</pre>