=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-3045/paper04
|storemode=property
|title=Moody's Physics of Notations: High Impact, Little Support
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3045/paper04.pdf
|volume=Vol-3045
|authors=Janek Ziehmann,Birger Lantow
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/ifip8-1/ZiehmannL21
}}
==Moody's Physics of Notations: High Impact, Little Support==
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