=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-3058/paper29
|storemode=property
|title=Dual Band Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna With Partial Ground Structure For Wimax/WLAN Applications
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3058/Paper-053.pdf
|volume=Vol-3058
|authors=Taruna Sharma,Munish Vashishath,Rajveer Singh Yaduvanshi
}}
==Dual Band Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna With Partial Ground Structure For Wimax/WLAN Applications==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3058/Paper-053.pdf
Dual band Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna with
Partial Ground Structure for WiMAX/WLAN applications
Taruna Sharma1, Munish Vashishath2 and Rajveer S. Yaduvanshi3
1,2
J C Bose University of Science and Technology YMCA Faridabad, , India-121006
3
NSUT Delhi, India-110078
Abstract
Dielectric resonator antennas are emerging as an efficient and feasible alternative of all other
antennas due to its effervescent characteristics. In this research paper, versatile rectangular
shape DRA with extended microstrip feed line mechanism is implemented to get a dual band
response. In this work, transverse electric fields is excited to get high radiation efficiency and
proper impedance matching. Proper selection of dimensions of feed line and ground plane
excites a pair of fundamental TEx111 and TEx113 lower order modes at design frequencies.
Proposed structure is a highly efficient design which yields an radiation efficiency of 99% at
3.5 GHz and 92% efficiency at 5.2 GHz band. A simulated gain of 1.9 and 4.5 dBi is
obtained at resonating frequencies. Presented structure is simulated by using FDTD method
that is utilized by CST MWS software. The proposed antenna is an efficient candidate for 3.5
GHz, WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) and 5.2 GHz WLAN
(Wireless Local Area Network) applications.
Keywords 1
WIMAX, WLAN, Dielectric Resonator Antenna, Partial Ground Structure, Extended feed
line
1. Introduction
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS COV-2) has completely destroyed every
single most outlook of human kind. Due to the pandemic situation, exponential increment in demand
for efficient multiband radiators can be observed. Wireless technologies demands antennas for
WLAN, WiMAX, existing 4G/4GLTE and upcoming 5G frequencies [1]. Present day frantic situation
has put a question mark on viability of 5G and IoT communication technologies in various parts of
the world. IoT and relates sensor technologies enhances usage of wireless sensors for various
applications [2-3]. Although no frequency ranges have been determined for 5G yet, but as per
estimation 5G will support lower (sub 6G) and upper millimetre wave (above 20 GHz) ranges.
Dielectric Resonator Antennas presented righteous features such as high radiation efficiencies (97%)
with high Q, high gain, small size, light weight and low cost [6-10].
A variety of Multiband DRA antennas have been proposed in literature by various
researchers. UWB technology is gaining momentum due to large bandwidth availability which
subsequently provides high data rates [11]. FCC assigned IEEE 802.11 and 802.16 standards for
narrow frequency bands [12]. Techniques involved among band creations are either change in shape
or change in feed mechanism. Various aperture coupled designs have been reported to provide high
efficiency multiband antennas , Use of Parasitic slots, MIMO hybrid structures, Cross-Shaped DRA,
Y shape and fan blade shape with vertical pairs of strips have been reported [14-20]. In thisstructure,
a simplest possible combination of extended microstrip feed line with Partial ground structure and
International Conference on Emerging Technologies: AI, IoT, and CPS for Science & Technology Applications, September 06โ07, 2021,
NITTTR Chandigarh, India
EMAIL:parashar.taruna@gmail.com; munish276@yahoo.com; yaduvanshirs@yahoo.co.in
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-9199
ยฉ2021 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)
Rectangular DRA is implemented for WiMAX and WLAN band resonator for commercial usage.
Rest of the paper is divided into four segments. Segment 2 is design and development of antenna.
Segment 3 discuss results and Section 4 includes Comparison of presented paper with literature
proposed till date. Section 5 comprise of Conclusion.
1. Design and Development of Antenna
Delineated research work in this article comprise of Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna
(RDRA). Exclusive reason for opting rectangular geometry is numerous advantages offered by this
geometry. Length, width and height of antenna is chosen in such a manner so that desired frequency
response can be generated. Proposed design is specifically simulated to work in fundamental lower
order mode i.e. TEx111mode. Material availability and excellent frequency response of FR4 substrate
makes it a valid choice for substrate material for the presented design. Dielectric constant with
dimensions 47.5 x40 x 1.6 mm is applied as a substrate material in antenna. Design of the antenna is
shown in Fig. 1. It can be observed from the design that a partial ground structure is applied in order
to obtain multiband response of antenna. A rectangular DRA of material Alumina is placed upon
substrate. Application of extended microstrip feed generates lower order modes that WiMAX and
WLAN frequency of radiations at 3.5 and 5.2 GHz can be resonated. Figure 1 reflects geometrical
aspects of proposed design.
๐จ๐จ๐จ๐จ๐จ๐จ๐จ๐จ๐จ๐จ๐จ๐จ๐จ๐จ
๐พ๐พ๐พ๐พ๐พ๐พ๐พ๐พ
๐ญ๐ญ๐ญ๐ญ๐ญ๐ญ
๐ช๐ช๐ช๐ช๐ช๐ช๐ช๐ช๐ช๐ช๐ช๐ช
๐ฏ๐ฏ๐ฏ๐ฏ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐พ๐พ๐พ๐พ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ
๐ฏ๐ฏ๐ฏ๐ฏ
๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ
๐พ๐พ๐พ๐พ
๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ
๐พ๐พ๐พ๐พ
a) (b) (c)
Figure. 1: (a)Panoramic View with DRA dimensions , ๐๐๐๐, ๐ป๐ป๐ป๐ป, ๐ฟ๐ฟ๐ฟ๐ฟ=10mm instituted upon a substrate
of dimension ๐ฟ๐ฟ๐ฟ๐ฟ=47.5,๐๐๐๐=40 and ๐ป๐ป๐ป๐ป =1.6mm. 1(b) represents Microstrip line width and Length
๐ฟ๐ฟ๐ฟ๐ฟ๐ฟ๐ฟ๐ฟ๐ฟ =37.5, ๐๐๐๐ =4 mm. 1(c) Partial ground plane of dimension ๐ฟ๐ฟ๐๐= 15, ๐๐๐๐ =40 mm.
2. Results and Discussion
Figure 2(a) represents simulated reflection coefficient parameters of the proposed antenna. It can
be observed from the figure that antenna has reflection coefficient below -10 dB for frequencies 3.5
GHz and 5.2 GHz. It can be observed from the Figure 2(b) that a typical 2:1 ratio of VSWR has been
achieved by proposed structure which again indicates excellent tuning of the radiator. Figure 2(c)
represents impedance graph of the structure. It is evident from the Figure 2(c) Generation of dual
consecutive resonant modes resulted in Dual band antenna. Further it is evident from Figure 2(c), that
at frequency 3.5 GHz dominant TEx111 mode is generated. Next resonance is generated at 5.2 GHz
where TEx113 mode can be visualized.
TEx111 TEx113
(a) (b) (c)
Figure 2: (a) Dual band reflection coefficient of the antenna (b) VSWR ratio of antenna (c) Real and
Imaginary part of the Impedance showing generated modes of the structure.
Figure 3 represents the plot of electric field inside RDRA. Antenna is theoretically designed to
radiate at a frequency of 5.2 GHz. As can be seen from Figure 2(c) real part of impedance is plotted
against a line segment drawn at 50 GHz. It can be observed from this figure that fundamental mode
of the antenna in simulation, is in the considerable agreement with the theoretical calculation. Figure
x x
3(a) represents the fundamental mode TE111 of the DRA. Further other modes TE113 can be seen
from Figure 3(b). Dual band response in the antenna is obtained by inculcating perturbation in the
structure. Partial ground structure along with extended microstrip line lowers the resonant frequency
x
of the fundamental mode of the antenna. Due to perturbation, first resonating mode TE111 is shifted to
3.5 GHz that consequences in electrical shortening of antenna. Extended micro stripline increases
capacitive part of the impedance, which in turn form a tank circuit at 3.5 GHz and 5.2 GHz. These
two modes can be observed from Figure 3(a) and 3(b).
(a) (b)
DR
A
Pulse to be
transmitted
Feed Grou Mod
Mod
line
(c)
x x
Figure 3: (a) E-field at 3.5 GHz , TE111 mode of the DRA (b) E-field at 5.2 GHz , TE113 mode of the
DRA (b) Equivalent circuit of proposed structure
Figure 4(a) represents simulated gain of the antenna with respect to frequency. It can be observed
from the figure that for both resonating dual bands a respectable value of gain is obtained. At 3.5
GHz 1.98 dB and at 5.2 GHz 4.5 dB gain is obtained. Figure 4(b) represents radiation efficiency of
antenna. It is interesting to observe that presented DRA reflects exceptionally high radiation
efficiency in the operating bands. Radiation efficiency of 98% is obtained for Wi-MAX band and
92% is obtained for WLAN band.
(a) (b)
Figure 4: (a)Frequency v/s Gain plot (b) Efficiency (radiation, Total) of antenna
Figure5 represents the radiation pattern achieved by the proposed antenna. It is evident from the
pattern that at 3.5 GHz antenna is behaving as magnetic monopole antenna and very good cross and
co pol levels are obtained but at 5.2 GHz , antenna shows dual lobe characteristics due to scattering of
high frequency fields.
(a) (b)
Figure 5: Radiation Pattern of antenna at (a) 3.5 GHz (b) 5.2 GHz.
4. Comparison Table
Table 1 represents anassessment of the proposed antenna structure with pre-proposedliterature
work. Simple design of antenna makes it easy to fabricate. High gain and compact dimensions makes
it stand out among other geometries.
Table 1
Comparative Analysis of present structure with pre-proposed literature
Reference Resonant Resonator Dimensions Frequency of Technique used to
No bands Shape bands create Multiband
19 Dual Rectangle 40x40x8 3.4-3.58, 5.1-5.9 Triangular ring
band shape aperture
20 Dual Cylindrical 50x50x13 2.48-2.98, 4.66- Inverted pentagon
band 5.88 shape aperture
with Quarter Stub
22 Dual Fan blade 80x80x10 3.2-3.8, 4.4-5.0 Fan blade shape
Band shape DRA with
orthogonal Mode
Generation
24 Quintuple Rectangle 30x30x9.813 2.4/5.2,3.5,4.1,4.8 Vertical Metallic
strip Pairs
Presented Dual Rectangle 40x47.5x 3.5/5.2 Partial ground
Structure band 11.6(Compact structure with
Dimensions) extended strip line
with sustainable
gain
5. Conclusion
This research work proposed rectangular geometry of ceramic resonator that is designed and
developed for dual band applications. Presented structure is implemented with extended feed line and
partial ground structure. Feasibility offered due to rectangle geometry of ceramic material is utilized
in DRA. Partial ground structure yields multiband characteristics at WiMAX and WLAN band
frequencies respectively. A high gain of 4.5 at WLAN and high efficiency of 98% at WiMAX is
obtained through this design. Proposed antenna is a suitable candidate for multiband application due
to its easy fabrication simple design and high efficiency and gain.
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