A Review Paper on Digital Watermarking Techniques

Abstract

Digital watermarking is used to hide important data in an another data so that hidden important data is only known by receiver (RX) or only known to that person who is belonging to that data and not known by any attacker that's why this technique (tech) is also known as security based tech. This article gives prescribed description of basics of digital watermarking, classification, review of different digital watermarking methods and summary of digital watermarking in terms of their different parameters in which methods used and features related to that parameters are explained in a tabular form. Watermarking could be used with Cryptography and Steganography to increase the safe level. It is also helpful to all of the research scholars to gain knowledge about different digital watermarking techniques and their implementations in different tools or software where mostly tools used are Matlab, XSG and Xilinx Vivado which are mentioned in this review.

Keywords

• 1 Reverse Contrast Mapping (RCM)
• Difference Expansion (DE)
• Frequency Domain Transforms (FDT)
• Xilinx System Generator (XSG)
• Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB)

1. Introduction

Watermark is in an image or text form printed on any paper. Video watermarking needs real time detection for compression. Sound watermarking take in internet tunes. Text watermarking is embedded in a text shape and area b/w text and line spaces. Graphic watermarking performs insertion to 2D or 3D graphics [ 1 ].Visible watermarking is seen by the observer. In Invisible Watermarking modifications to the pixel values are not observed. Dual Watermarking is that where invisible is a holdup of visible. Digital Watermarking is used for broadcast testing, thumb prints [ 2 ] [ 3 ]. Inputs (I/Ps) are watermark, secret information; public or private key for safety and watermarked output (O/P) is sent to human being and that human being creates an alteration is called as an attack. Robustness or interference attacks destroys watermark-cropping, JPG Compression, AWGN, quantization, rotation, collusion, demodulation, averaging. In Presentation attack, affine alteration, variation of aspect ratio, translation, scaling, rotation, geometric transformation comes under extraction failure. Counterfeiting attack creates fake data by manipulating the real data. Geometric hacks are image geometric transformations-row- column blanking, translation, warping, scaling, cropping, and rotation. Signal processing or nongeometric hacks-image compression, Distortion- Gaussian noise, gamma correction, filtering, brightness, sharpening, histogram equalization, averaging, collusion, printing, scanning [ 3 ]. Collusion hack is a no of licensed RXs to create an real data by averaging all watermarked data [ 2 ]. Cryptographic hacks break the privacy by computing the private key with exhaustive brute force way [ 10 ]. Protocol hacks ends the gaps in the watermarking-IBM hack (deadlock or inversion or counterfeiting hacks) inserts1or more watermarks that are not clear which the watermark of the real vender was[ 2 ], then technique applied to the hacked data to extract the watermark from it. I/Ps are watermarked, private or public key and O/P is an original data.

2. Classification

Capacity-The note is 0 bit to extract the existence or non-existence is named as 0 bit or existing watermarking. If a note is n-bit and is controlled in the watermark called as multiple or non-zero bit watermarking. Estimation and Benchmarking-The assessment of watermarking methods give described data for planners cameras have safety specifications adds noise to the real image. 1. Semi fragile watermarking aids little bit change to a watermarked data [ 1 ]. 2. Spatial domain watermarking stores the information to the pixels value. [ 1 ].In Frequency domain, particular frequencies are changed from their real image [ 1 ]. 3. In visual or private watermarking, real matter is needed [ 1 ]. In Semi blind or semi-private watermarking, the real information is not needed for extraction [ 1 ]. 4. In Source-based, a dissimilar watermark linking to vendor is defined to all the distributed image copies[ 1 ].In Destination based, watermark is to track down the buyer in the state of unlicensed reselling [ 1 ]

3. Review on Digital Watermarking

Diverse uses where watermarking needed [ 1 ].The watermark is unaffected as it is transparent [ 3 ]. DWT is well due to zero tree wavelet image compression and max. Frequency sub bands [ 5 ]. An image has been encoded with large private key by turning pixel bits by XOR then in steganography it has been modified by LSBs of the secret and stego image, then stego image has been watermarked in the time and frequency domain.[ 6 ][ 7 ].Optical watermarking take merit so f parallel high-speed processing and multi-dimensional compared to digital methods. The techniques for inserting the optical O/P to a host image are Double Random Phase Encoding, off axis and phase shifting holography, optimized phase- only mask, Joint Transform Correlate, ghost imaging, ptychography. [ 9 ]. Diverse sorts where watermarking needed [ 10 ]. RC Miscarry out in MATLAB and O/ Pison ZEDBOARD [ 11 ].All images of gray I/P video are verified in tool. O/P video is at OV7670 Camera with ZEDBOARD [ 12 ]. It was applied on 2 images to find its contrast enhancement by 2 peaks (i.e. the max. 2 bins) in a histogram are chosen and put it to the medical and satellite images for the superior visibility, will be shown in future [ 13 ]. The quantity of change can be organized by a factor modulation index selects the value of cover and extraction (LSB). A PN code embeds and extracts watermark, Procedure has been estimated by many test images and IQA metrics along with some hacks. FPGA and ASIC have been estimate din terms of resources used, area, speed and power but throughput is so high for video applications [ 14 ]. HLS with resource design needs only +, -, *, divider with 20 registers and 14 MUXs. SSIM RIW of MATLAB is compared with the SSIM hardware [ 16 ]. For PN watermark to a real data (mutual exclusive) parameter, then create it public. The writers integrates data integrity and a sole features of VLSI blocks stays friendly by a constraint watermarking and uses VLSI CAD problemsmapping, partitioning, graph coloring, FPGA design, and Boolean discovers a public watermarks, a public– private watermarking way agrees an IP’s invention to recognize simply and publicly, old constraint watermark as secret part and public–private watermarking is of public extractability by no ruin on a watermark [ 17 ]. Later gaining a local contrast quality map and a global VS quality map then sum up a standard deviation together to gain a final quality score. An outcomes of 3 level files (LIVE, TID2008, and CSIQ) finds that project does well for visual quality and compared with IQA and is only designed for gray images [ 20 ]. A Spartan-3A DSP edition board (XC3SD3400A4FGG676C) is used and an O/P through XSG [ 21 ]. A noticeable Stochastic Resonance uses detection in very low signal- distortion [23]. A watermarking of large-size images at Huawei cloud then split a method in 2 sorts: tool work area and hardware work area, watermarks crambling is treated by CPU, and the varied skill under OpenCL style. The size for DCT and a bulk for DCT kernel are the main to reach the max. Functionality. The Stirmark tool is used to check the robustness of the watermarking [ 19 ][24].

DWT DCT Blind Watermarking IDCT and Faraday 0.18 micrometer CMOS Technology 3.35~4 CMOS Technology 40nm Cu CMOS Technology

Conclusion

In the nut shell, it is concluded that digital watermarking issued to hide important data in another data so that hidden important data is only known by RX or only known to that person who is belonging to that data and not known by any attacker .This paper gives prescribed description of basics of digital watermarking, classification and review of different digital watermarking methods and summary of digital watermarking in terms of their different parameters in which methods used and features related to that parameters are explained in a tabular form. The future of Digital Watermarking is bright as a review provides data related to digital watermarking which can be helpful in gaining knowledge for further research in this field. Batch and cloud processing in image is implemented and RCM is further implemented by an interpolation technique in a future in order to meet the IQA parameters.

5. References

Implementation of image copyright protection tool using hardware-software co-simulation, Springer Science + Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature(2020). [22] Hajjaji Mohamed Ali ,Gafsi Mohamed, Abdelali Abdessalem Ben, and Mtibaal Abdellatif, FPGA Implementation of Digital Images Watermarking System Based on Discrete Haar Wavelet Transform, Hindawi Security and communication Networks, (2019)17 pages, Vol.2019. [23] Lanfranco.S. Mazzini .L. H., Dominguez. A. E and Naguil .J. L., Watermark Detector Based on Stochastic Resonance Phenomenon, IEEE latin America transactions (2013)396-401. [24] Cao Yanpeng, Yu Feng and Tang Yongming (2019), a Digital Watermarking Encryption Technique Based on FPGA Cloud Accelerator, IEEE, Vol.XX

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