Crow Search BEENISH Routing Protocol to Increase the Lifetime and Stability of Nodes in WSN

Abstract

Routing protocols are utmostneeded for communication between source nodes and sink node, least disruptive & more efficient. The performance of the network and reliability is generally determined by selecting appropriate routing protocol. Since energy consumption has become crucial problem in WSNs, therefore Energy Efficient (EE) routing protocols have been introduced such as balanced energy-efficient network-integrated super heterogeneous (BEENISH), improved-BEENISH and enhanced-BEENISH. Optimization techniques are mandatory for achieving desired goals, minimizing energy depletion and maximizing network's life. The aim of this article is to extend the network's life and stability of sensing nodes through the use of heterogeneity factors such as alive nodes, dead nodes, throughput and average residual energy by using the cross-search based balanced energy efficiency network integrated super heterogeneous(CR-BEENISH) optimization technique.

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2) To compare the proposed (crow search) optimized E-BEENISH performance for number of alive /dead nodes, network lifespan and throughput with the previous work.

2. Crow Search BEENISH to Increase the Lifetime of Nodes

A heterogeneous 4-level network conceptwith alive/dead nodes, advanced, super and ultra-super nodes are used in the CR-BEENISH protocol. The following flowchart indicates the process of choosing cluster head using crow search optimization technique:

Start

Selection of Cluster Heads

Calculate probability of nodes

Generate Random Number

Compare Random Number with Threshold Value

If Random Number < Threshold Value

Node becomes Head

If a node has determined which cluster it belongs to, the cluster head must notify its status as a cluster node. Each node uses this information to be returned to the head cluster. For this, all CH nodes must retain their recipients. The cluster head node mustmaintain the source to gather all data from the cluster’s node set. When the cluster is set up, every round begins with a steady state process where the information is transferred to the Base Station. Then, a heterogeneous fourlayered wireless network threshold is described as:

T (si) = { 1− ( . 0 Firstly, when a cluster is formed, each node first determines if it is the head of the recent round. The network's current CH percentage (prior determination) is based on this decision and the total CHs assigned to a particular node. If threshold T(si) is more than the random number, the node will becomethe cluster head (CH) of the present round.

The CH is chosen based on the amount of energy send by node to the sink as well as the number of frames. The crow search optimization algorithm works with fusion factor (FF), as depicted in equation 2 only in the current state.

FF = ( 0 ) + ∅ ( ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

3. Results and Discussions

The performance of CR-BEENISH protocol is evaluated in thissegment in MATLAB Software. The sensor nodes are randomly deployed having 100m * 100m area (x and y-coordinates) and Base Station (BS) at the center. The proposed CR-BEENISH protocol is compared to current EBEENISH protocol. The simulation results are given below: ) s r e t e m n i ( a e r a

area (in meters) The above figure represents that the sensing nodes are organized randomly in a 100m*100m area including member nodes;cluster heads (CHs) and base station (BS) in the middle or center.

In figure 3, the Enhanced BEENISH protocol clearly shows better performance in the earlyphase, but it decreases gradually as the number of rounds increases. Above simulations show that the performance of proposed CR-BEENISH protocol increases with the given total rounds. From fig. 4, it has been clearly analyzed that the dead nodes have been decreased in CR- BEENISH than the existing E-BEENISH. Hence, the lifetime of the network has been increased. The results of the average left behind energy for the existing (E-BEENISH) and proposed (CRBEENISH) approaches are shown in figure6. This clearly shows that the existing technique has steeper drops in average residual energy than the proposed algorithm, where steeper drops indicate faster energy depletion.

4. Conclusion

The proposed CR-BEENISH uses multi-hop communication while the previous method (EBEENISH) uses single-hop communication. The numerical results indicate that the algorithm exceeds the network lifetime,average residual energy and throughput. In addition, by selecting parameters carefully, for the proposed protocol, the life cycle can be extended further. Finally, more improvement in performance can enhance the CR-BEENISH adaptability.

5. References

References

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