=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-3058/paper48
|storemode=property
|title=Circular Slot Microstrip Patch Antenna For Wireless Communications
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3058/Paper-075.pdf
|volume=Vol-3058
|authors=Sushil Kakkar,Shweta Rani
}}
==Circular Slot Microstrip Patch Antenna For Wireless Communications==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3058/Paper-075.pdf
Circular Slot Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless
Communications
Sushil Kakkar1 and Shweta Rani2
1
ECE Department, Bhai Gurdas Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sangrur, Punjab, India
2
ECE Department, Giani Zail Singh Campus College of Engineering and Technology, MRSPTU, Bathinda,
Punjab, India
Abstract
This article elaborated the detailed performance analysis of circular slot etched on the surface
of square shape microstrip patch antenna. The antenna is designed with easily available and
cost effective FR4 dielectric material. A critical analysis by varying the radius of the circular
slot has been performed to indicate the effectiveness of slot dimensions. The achieved results
confirm that the implementation of slot of radius 5 mm not only reduces the size but also
provide the improved reflection coefficient of -33.15 dB at 3.13 GHz resonant frequency.
These results support the suitability of proposed antenna for wireless communications
systems.
Keywords 1
Antenna, microstrip, reflection coefficient, slot
1. Introduction
During last two decades, microstrip patch antennas are very popular among the antenna system
design engineers. The low profile and easy to design feature of these antennas adds several degrees of
freedom for antenna element designs [1-2]. In literature various shapes and structures of micrsostrip
patch antennas has been explored in an extensive manner. Among them implementation of slots on
the radiating patch is one of the many ways to achieve the improved resonating and radiation
characteristics [3]. It is well established fact that the slots on the radiating patch are capable to provide
wider bandwidth, additional resonant frequencies, better gain and high impedance matching [4, 5]. In
light of the similar phenomena, a simple attempt has been made here to illustrate the potential of slot
structures to enhance the performance parameters of the microstrip patch antennas.
2. Design and Structure
In order to better understand the effect of slot, a very simple square shape design of radiating
element along with circular slot has been considered in this study. The small size square has side
length of 20 mm and it is based on the fixed ground plane size of 30mm side length. FR4 substrate
because of its reliable and low cost features has been chosen as the dielectric material. A thin
microstrip feed having width of 1mm is utilized here to obtain the good input impedance matching.
Further to improve the radiation and resonating parameters of presented radiator, a small circular slot
of radius, r has been etched from the patch. Figure 1 depicted the structure of the presented radiator
with and without circular slot.
International Conference on Emerging Technologies: AI, IoT, and CPS for Science & Technology Applications, September 06–07, 2021,
NITTTR Chandigarh, India
EMAIL: sushil.kakkar@bgiet.ac.in (A. 1); shweta.ece@mrsptu.ac.in (A. 2)
ORCID: 0000-0003-1532-561X (A. 1); 0000-0002-6660-067X (A. 2)
©2021 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)
(a)
(b)
Figure 1: Geometry of the Antenna (a) patch (b) patch with circular slot
3. Results and Discussion
The simulations on the presented antennas have been performed using full wave IE3D simulator.
3.1. Resonating Characteristics of Presented Antenna
The results obtained from the simulations gives that simple square shape radiating element possess
the resonating frequencies of 3.37 GHz with -22.99 dB reflection coefficient and 5.40 GHz with -
19.45 dB reflection coefficient. It has been observed that after employment of circular slot, besides
the size reduction of around 20 % in terms of radiating patch, the antenna possess resonance at 3.13
and 4.63 GHz with reflection coefficient of -33.15 and -16.78 respectively. The proposed antenna is
also possessing better impedance matching than its counterpart. The S-parameters of the proposed
antenna with and without circular slot is given in Figure 2.
As far as the industrial significance is concern, the proposed work is presented the low cost, small
size and simple planar antenna design that can be printed easily on the circuit board and integrate
efficiently to the other microwave devices. These advantages make the designed antenna a strong
candidate for wireless communication systems.
Figure 2: S-parameters of the proposed antenna with and without circular slot
3.2. Analysis by varying the Radius of the Circular Slot
The analysis by varying the core dimension that is radius of the circular slot has been done to
evaluate the performance of the antenna. It is very much clear from the results given in Figure 3 that
the best results in terms of the reflection coefficient is obtained when the radius of the circular slot has
been fixed to 5mm.
Figure 3: S-parameters of the proposed antenna with varying slot radius
3.3. Radiation Patterns
Radiation patterns of the presented radiating patch element with circular slot has been
simulated and examined rigorously. This examination has been performed in the two principle planes
as shown in Figure4. The result from the simulations reveals that the antenna is possessing
bidirectional radiation patterns in the elevation plane and omni-directional radiation patterns in the
azimuthal plane.
(a) (b)
Figure 4: Radiation patterns of the antenna in (a) elevation plane (b) azimuthal plane
3.4. Gain
The gain of the proposed antenna within the simulated frequency range is depicted in Figure 5. It
has been observed that the circular slot antenna provides gain of 2.86 dBi at 3.17 GHz resonating
frequency and 3.66 dBi at 4.636 GHz resonating frequency
Figure 5: Gain of the proposed antenna
4. Conclusion
A simple approach to identify the effect of circular slot on the square shape patch antenna is
attempted here. In order to get in to deeper details, a critical analysis by varying the radius of the
circular slot has been made. The observations conclude that the presented antenna not only achieves
miniaturization but also possess better resonating and radiating properties after the employment of
circular slot.
5. References
[1] A. Balanis, Antenna theory, John wiley& sons, Inc. 1997.
[2] J. Jan and J. Su, “Bandwidth enhancement of a printed wide slot antenna with a rotated slot,”
IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation 53. 6 (2005), 2111-2114.
[3] A. P. Singh and S.Rani, “ Simulation and design of broad-band slot antenna for wireless
applications,” Proceedings of the world congress on engineering, WCE 2011, ,Imperial College,
London, U.K., 2, (2011),1390-1393.
[4] H Wong, K. So, K. and X. Gao, “Bandwidth enhancement of a monopolar patch antenna with V-
shaped slot for car-to-car and WLAN communications”. IEEE transactions on vehicular
technology 65 (2016): 1130 – 1136.
[5] S. Rani and A. P. Singh, “On the design and optimization of new fractal antenna using PSO”,
International journal of electronics 100. 10 (2012), 1383-1397.