=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-3058/paper59
|storemode=property
|title=A Novel Approach For Wireless Home Automation System Using IoT
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3058/Paper-089.pdf
|volume=Vol-3058
|authors=Pardeep Singh,Gourav Bathla,Rahul Kumar Singh,Alankrita Aggarwal
}}
==A Novel Approach For Wireless Home Automation System Using IoT==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3058/Paper-089.pdf
A Novel Approach for Wireless Home Automation System using
IoT
Pardeep Singh1, Gourav Bathla2, Rahul K. Singh3 and Alankrita Aggarwal4
1,2,3
University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
4
IKGPTU, Kapurthala, Jalandhar-Kapurthala, Highway, Vpo, Ibban, Punjab 144603, India
Abstract
The world is rapidly changing and adopting automation systems in various fields. Home
Automation is one of the fields that is working for improving the quality of life and
performing house chores in an automated way using IoT. Many home automation systems
have been proposed and developed by various researchers based on different hardware and
software technologies. And, improvement is still in process to make these systems more
economical and easy to access. This work has focused on developing a Home Automation
System which can be accessed over the internet using software from anywhere and control
various home appliances connected with a centralized Wi-Fi server. This IoT-based system
has been designed using NodeMCU over a Wi-Fi network, that can control and monitor
various home appliances and sensors. Programming is performed in Arduino IDE and Flask
Framework is implied to connect with a server. This system would not only replace the
conventional wall switches but also be helpful to save electricity and reduce cost with a web-
based remote control application.
Keywords 1
Home Automation System, IoT, Smart Device Control, NodeMCU, Flask
1. Introduction
In the last few decades, Internet has played an immense role in the growth of various sectors
related to human life such as education, business, entertainment, living standards, transportation,
traveling, social life, etc. This high-scale development in different areas has developed an idea to
connect multiple devices of the same or different fields with each other but, in a controlled way to
form an Internet of Things (IoT) [1]. IoT can manage and monitor various electronic, electrical, and
mechanical systems used for a specific purpose of automation in a field [2]. Data collected from all
the devices connected over IoT is stored and processed by cloud computing, which further assists
these networked devices to perform the tasks accordingly [3,4]. Figure 1 is showing an example of a
Home Automation System, where various hardware and software components are connected and
contributing to perform a specific task or objective. A Home Automation System is mainly comprised
of three different technologies designed for a specific purpose such as communication medium
between devices and controller, controller hardware or software to control the devices, and user
interface to provide input and output of user [5].
This work has defined a similar type of automation system which is easy to access remotely using
a web browser over a laptop or smartphone and can fully control the home devices. In summary, the
proposed system makes the following contributions:
International Conference on Emerging Technologies: AI, IoT, and CPS for Science & Technology Applications, September 06–07, 2021,
NITTTR Chandigarh, India
EMAIL: pardeep.maan@gmail.com (A. 1); gouravbathla@gmail.com (A. 2); rahulsinghcse25@gmail.com (A. 3);
alankrita.agg@gmail.com(A. 4)
ORCID: 0000-0002-0368-4757 (A. 1); 0000-0003-4198-9647(A. 2); 0000-0002-4996-5300(A. 3)0000-0002-0931-1118(A. 4)
©2021 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)
1. A microcontroller-based (NodeMCU) based home automation system is designed and
implemented that can sync the data to a web server, display the current state of electrical devices and
provide control to change the state according to the requirement.
2. A Control Program is defined using Arduino IDE and Flask API is created to connect with the
server and transfer data from the microcontroller.
3. A web-based application is designed to provide GUI to users on the front end.
Figure 1: Home Automation System Using NodeMCU
2. Related Work
Researchers have been working on all automation technologies from 1970 and tried to upgrade
them with each passing year. IoT comprised of three prime layers i.e. Application Layer,
Transmission layer and Perception Layer, which are further divided into different sub-layers [6].
Technologies and protocols at these sub-layers are continuously in development e.g. for
communication infrared, Bluetooth [7], Zigbee[8], GSM [9], Wi-fi, Wireless Sensors, etc. are used.
Similarly, for controller different microcontrollers, home gateway, smart routers, PCB circuits,
Arduino, Raspberry pi, etc. devices have been invented, and for user interface simple LED, PC,
Laptop, Smartphones, Web Applications, Mobile Applications have been introduced. In this way,
several combinations of these technologies have been experimented with achieving various objectives
such as cost, latency, security[10,11], ease to handle, accessibility[12], authenticity [13], etc. Further,
there are some latest research methodologies used in designing the automation system are defined.
Table 1
Literature Review Summary
Reference Communication Microcontroller GUI Merits
Module
[1,18] Wi-Fi Network Ardino UNO, Android Less costly than
ESP8266-01 Application or conventional approach
Web Application
[14,17,19] Wifi Network, Node MCU IFTT, Android Voice based command
Adafruit, MQTT Application, Web via Google Assistant
Browser
[15] Gateway, MQTT ESP8266 Wi-Fi Android Less expensive
module, Atmel Application
ATmega
[16] Local Wi-Fi Raspberry Pi HTTP web Low Cost, Affordable for
Network, JSON file interface, Android low-income houses
Application
[17] Wi-Fi Network NodeMCU IFTT, Android Voice based command
Application via Google Assistant
[20] Wi-Fi Network ESP8266, Android Multiple
Raspberry Pi Application, Web homesAutomations
Application indoor and outdoor,
Google Assistant
3. Proposed Work
This work has analyzed the working of a NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller-based home
automation system that can be controlled through a browser over the same network or internet to
activate or deactivate devices based on sensor readings or directly. For this purpose, aHttpClient
module has been programmed over NodeMCU using Arduino IDE. This module will receive the data
of different devices and accordingly respond back to perform the tasks over the devices connected
through a controller. Figure 2 is representing the flowchart for controlling devices over the designed
system which starts with making a connection to the browser through HTTP protocol. NodeMCU
continually monitors the device sensors connected wirelessly and transfers the measurement data over
the server or cloud at regular intervals. Servers are responsible for executing the command/response
based on the data received and activate the respective actuator or device to perform the task. A
Sensor’s data is analyzed by the program and checked against the respective threshold value. The
responding signal to the respective device is activated only after the threshold is attained. Figure 3 is
representing the I/O Pins of NodeMCU and its connectivity with two relay devices. In the example
shown in the figure, relay devices are connected with pin D13 and D15, from which they received the
signals to ON or OFF. The system is using the circuit connections similar to this for the proposed
system where relay devices are connected with some appliances to control them.
Figure 2: Flowchart for Proposed Home Automation System
Figure 3: Circuit diagram for connecting NodeMCU with devices
4. Implementation and Results
Proposed Home Automation System is implemented by making a connection of the NodeMCU
ESP8266 wifi module with two relays on D13 and D15 pin. The controller is connected via USB to
the laptop for programming over the Flask framework. The flask is helpful in making connectivity
using Python Programming. Following are the steps that need to be processed in programming:
1. Make all the hardware connections using a breadboard, jumper wires, and voltage input.
2. Open the Arduino IDE and set up the driver for connected hardware.
3. Import the required library modules ESP8266WiFi.h and ESP8266HTTPClient.h.
4. Setup Wi-Fi network authentication and Wi-Fi server’s port number.
5. Map the General Purpose Input Output (GPIO) pins with microcontroller.
6. Wait till the Wi-Fi connection is not connected.
7. Start the server and obtain the IP address.
8. Create a HTTP Client and initialize HTTP request parameters containing sensor’s data and send
to web server’s URL.
9. If the parameters are successfully received by the server, prepare the responding parameters in
the HTTP response and send it back.
10. Create the Flask API using Python and Flask Framework.
11. Flask API is responsible for receiving and transmitting data to the browser.
Figure 4: Output Screen showing successfully connected server and device
Figure 4 is showing the console output generated by the Flask framework and it is showing
the effective connection with the HTTP server and generated response. Figure 5 is showing
the screenshot of a web application designed to retrieve and control the status of home
appliances.
Figure 5: Web Application (GUI) to control devices remotely
5. Conclusion and Future Work
The work has put forwarded the design and implementation of a Wireless Home Automation
System. Comparing to other automation systems, the proposed design has reduced the latency in the
system and cost of implementation. Moreover, the system provides the freedom to control the devices
over browser from anywhere in the world. The web application to control the home appliances and
reading sensors’ data can be further connected to any database server to store this data for future
analysis. So, the work can be extended to include machine learning-based decision-maker servers that
can predict the emergency and take timely actions.
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