=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-3058/paper65
|storemode=property
|title=Review Of Recent Approaches To Eliminate Various Pseudo Fault Trippings In Hydro Power Plants
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3058/Paper-096.pdf
|volume=Vol-3058
|authors=Piush Verma,Deepika Sood
}}
==Review Of Recent Approaches To Eliminate Various Pseudo Fault Trippings In Hydro Power Plants==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3058/Paper-096.pdf
Review of Recent Approaches to Eliminate Various Pseudo Fault
Outages in Hydro Power Plants
Deepika Sood1and PiushVerma2
1,2
National Institute of Technical Teachers Training & Research, Sector-26, Chandigarh, 160019, India.
Abstract
In this paper a literature study has been conducted to understand the process of hydro power
plants along with different faults or failures with their causes and techniques to overcome them.
One of the main focuses of this study is on Pseudo power tripping faults which are one of the
major failures in hydropower systems and can lead to the plant outage with generation loss. From
the literature survey conducted it is observed that, most of the researchers proposed methods
those were based on Artificial intelligence systems for detecting faults. There are different types
of faults which can occur in hydro plant. Some of these faults can be eliminated by predictive and
preventive maintenance. There are number of algorithms those are introduced by many
researchers in recent years. In one section of this paper a review of such algorithmis
presentedfollowed by a comparison table between some of these algorithms. Finally, a conclusion
study is provided in this article with the scope of research for developing a fault detection system
Also, in future, some decision-based models which may be based on Fuzzy systems or any other
intelligence systems that can provide an efficient solution to handle the errors can be designed
which can stabilize hydropower power generation systems.
Keywords 1
Fault detection, Power systems, Pseudo fault Outages, Hydro power plants, communication links
Fuzzy Inference Systems, etc.
1. INTRODUCTION
Among all the available renewable energy sources, hydropower is considered the most significant energy
source. As it is an emission-free renewable energy source with the capacity to react rapidly to meet peak
load [1]. Hydropower not only generates electricity as the largest global source of renewable energy but
also ought to be responsible, in many power systems worldwide, for a substantial part of the control and
balance of duties [2]. There are different types of faults which can occur in hydro plant. Some of these
faults can be eliminated by predictive and preventive maintenance. But some of the faults are pseudo in
nature; they don’t really exist but can lead to plant outages and generation loss.
1.1Components of a Hydropower Plant & hydro power generation
Hydropower plant consists of various major components like Dam, Water Reservoir, Intake Gates,
Control Gates, Stop Log Gates, Head Race Tunnel, Surge Shaft, Penstock, Valve House, Water Turbines,
International Conference on Emerging Technologies: AI, IoT, and CPS for Science & Technology Applications, September 06–07, 2021,
NITTTR Chandigarh, India
EMAIL: deepika.nhpc@gmail.com(A. 1); piush@nitttrchd.ac.in (A. 2)
ORCID: 0000-0002-1757-0734 (A. 1); 0000-0002-4100-7159 (A. 2)
©2021 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)
Generators, Transformer, Tail Race [3][4].
1.2 Various challenges faced by hydro power plants:
Hydrological Risk Connectivity Issues Maintenance Issues
Challenges faced by
Hydroelectric Power
Power Evacuation Remote Locations
Plant
Construction Risks Weather Conditions Design Issues
Figure 1.2: Challenges faced by hydroelectric power Plant
Figure 1.2 shows various problems that impact the performance of hydro-electric power generation
systems. In addition to above mentioned issues, equipment failure, user negligence, or device decay are
some other causes of power system failure. Due to the uncertainty of problems, quick fault identification
and separation is required to reduce the risk of disturbances in power systems and energy and generation
losses.
1.3 Fault Detection and Diagnosis for Hydropower Plants (HPPs)
Precautionary steps are beneficial in HPPs to enhance safety, reliability, and capability factors. In general,
a fault is characterized as an unallowable deviation or change in system characteristics from the desired
ones. A failure acts as a permanent disruption of a system's capacity to accomplish desired outcomes [6].
1.4 Pseudo Fault Trippings/Outages in Hydro Power Plant
There are some preconditions to be fulfilled in any power station before starting the hydro- generator. In
case any essential parameter is missed or not found, depending upon the criticality of that parameter, a
trip command is generated and the machine trips. The machine tripping can occur in case of actual fault
or in case of non-availability of the parameter or the signal. The tripping caused by false signal or
communication failure between different components may cause pseudo tripping and is not desirable as it
leads to plant outage and generation loss [5].
1.5 Communication between valve house and power house
As most of the hydro-power plants are built in remote areas, therefore it is difficult to maintain
interaction between different parts of the plant for smooth functioning. Among the different
communications, the interaction between valve house and power house is crucial for safety of
plant and to prevent floods. The valve house's job is to close when one of two things happen
either for maintenance or a fault condition. The failure of communication between valve house
and power house when both are underground may lead to pseudo fault tripping and thus
generation loss and plant outage.
2. LITERATURE
A large number of authors proposed algorithms that were mostly based on artificial systems for
detecting faults in power generationsystems.Shewei Wang et al. [7], reviewed and summarized
the important methodologies in data collecting, information processing, statistical analysis, and
information gathering for maintaining the performance of hydro turbine generators (HTGs). Ali
ThaeerHammidet al. [8], used the ANN (artificial neural network) along with the feed forward
and back propagation methods in order to enhance the forecasting accuracy of HPPs at Himreen
lake dam-Divala. M. Camelia and V. Matei [9] In this article, a framework for identification of
fault and position of a class of non-linear structures is introduced using a method based on model
and residue methods defined by fluid flow through pipes. F. Mohamad et al. [10], an Artificial
Intelligent technique based method called the fuzzy logic approach, which is the field of study in
this paper, was being used by fuzzifying the boundaries of ranges identified by these techniques.
Schafer et al. [11] suggested a forecasting technique in advance or during service to define vital
lines and components. J. Qu, et al. [12]: proposed a new way for enhancing the day to day
planning on synchronized new technologies and hydropower system to improve the overall
performance of the system in terms of peak load management and usage of hydroelectric water
storage capacity. N. Vasiliu, et al. [13]; In this article the authors implemented a lightweight
electro hydraulic servo valve in Romanian hydro power plants of electro-hydraulic speed
controls by replacing the traditional distributed electrical hydraulic system in order to optimize a
nonlinear control system. Selma Causevic el.al [14]; discussed the impact of various weather
conditions on power systems. In addition to this, various challenges were addressed in order to
enhance the resilience through local energy sources that are shared in multiple distribution
system.S. Qiao, et al., [15]; analyze the various distributed power generation systems in order to
minimize the fluctuations in wind and light energy.S. Tammaruckwattana, et al. [16]; described
the working of hydro- power plant system for generating electricity. Feng, et. al. [17], the experts
in this paper discussed the importance of controlling valves in the pipeline system. The
effectiveness and reliability of the entire pipeline system are determined by the characteristics of
control valve management. Kral, et. al., [18]; the challenge of location in small - scale
hydropower station water supply systems is discussed in this paper. For this, an application was
created that choose the turbine for SHPPs so that any loss caused by water pressure or pipe
breakage can be eliminated.Koumiss, I., et al. [19], discussed various new and enhanced
techniques that regulate the flow in hydropower plants. In addition to this, since many current
large-scale hydroelectric plants were built decades earlier using technology which is now
deemed outmoded, techniques for achieving hydropower digitalization are also examined. Wang
et.al., [20], developed a hydro-turbine governor Additional Damper (GAD) that can eliminate the
ultralow-frequency oscillation (ULFO) issue by developing the stage compensation that adapts to
ULFO. X. Han et.al., [21], analyzed the significant negative hydro-unit damping factor, which
causes an ultra-low frequency (ULFO) appearance and also has a frequency of less than 0.1 Hz
and proposed a hydro-unit SMIB system which relies on the linear hydraulic turbine model and
thePSASP type-8 system in which various important factors such as, water hammer effect and
the activity level, that cause damping in devices and energy produced by hydropower are
analyzed.
Table 1
Comparison table for different work in fault detection in Hydro Power plants
Sr. No. Authors name YOP Work Done
1 Ali ThaeerHammid et 2018 Used the ANN (artificial neural network) along with the
al. [8] feed forward and back propagation methods in order to
enhance the forecasting accuracy
2 M. Camelia and 2016 Used residual vectors to research the error detection of
V. Matei [9] the actuator and pipeline leakages
3 F. Mohamad, et al. 2019 An AI technique based method called fuzzy logic approach
[10]
4 J. Qu et al. [12] 2018 Implemented a new way for using techniques and
hydropower systems to manage loads.
5 N. Vasiliu[23] 2019 In this paper, the authors implemented a lightweight
electro hydraulic servo valve in Romanian hydro power
plants of electro-hydraulic speed controls.
6 S. Qiao, et al. [15] 2020 Analyzed the various distributed power generation
systems in order to minimize the fluctuations in wind and
light energy.
7 S.Tammaruckwattana 2018 The authors of this paper described the working of hydro-
, et al. [16] power plant system for generating electricity
8 W. M. Feng, et al. 2014 The experts in this paper discussed the importance of
[17] controlling valves in the pipeline system
9 M. Kral, et al. [18] 2019 In this paper, the authors discussed the challenge of
locating water supply systemsin small - scale hydropower
station
10 Kougias, I., et al. [19] 2019 The author discusses the various new and enhanced
techniques that regulatetheflow in hydropower plants.
11 G. Wang et.al., [20], 2020 In this paper, the authors developed a hydro-turbine GAD
that can eliminate the ULFO issue by developing the stage
compensation thatadapts to ULFO
12 X. Han et.al., [21], 2018 In this paper, the authors analyzed the significant negative
hydro-unit damping factor, which causes an ULFO
appearance and proposed a hydro-unitSMIB system
2.1 RESEARCH GAPS:
• Most of the presents systems are focused on simulation based models, only a few researches used the
real world application data.
• The models developed by different researcher are not efficiently capable of eliminating generation
losses and plant outages by detecting the faults on continuous interval.
• Till date no research has been focused on elimination of pseudo fault tripping in hydro power plants.
2.2 INDUSTRIAL SIGNIFICANCE:
• A system can be designed to avoid pseudo tripping of the hydro generator thereby eliminating
unnecessary generation loss.
• The detection process can be automated by designing Fuzzy Inference System for continuous
monitoring and alarming.
• Analysis and validation of the results of the proposed system can be done with data available from
hydro power plant.
3. CONCLUSION
From the literature survey, it is observed that over the years a large number of methods were
proposed by researchers in order to tackle failures in power systems. After analyzing the
literatures, it is identified that most of the researchers worked on simulation-based models that
didn’t utilize any real-world datasets. As communication between differently located major
components of hydro power plants plays an important role in any power system and very few
researches have been done on making the communication effective in case of link breakage or
theft of OFC, which may lead to pseudo fault tripping. Therefore, there is a need to develop an
alternate intelligent Fuzzy based system that can tackle the pseudo tripping in power systems by
utilizing the available parameters in case of absence of communication by giving the status and
required output of the crucial components and can avoid pseudo tripping and generation losses.
The system developed can further be used in real time and the results can further be validated.
4. ACKNOWELGEMENT
The authors are thankful to NITTTR (National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research)
and NHPC Limited for providing necessary support for the work.
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