As there is advancement in technological areas like robotics, autonomous systems, quantum computing, our imperative habits are transforming. The way we think and learn is essential to acknowledge our educational systems. The competition is increasing amid the global powers and the military industrial complexes. To support national goals, new trends must be examined efficiently in engineering and technological education. Nowadays, the industry is demanding graduates who have expertise in communication skills, problem solving math skills, employability and value. Innovations are complicated to accomplish in engineering and industrial projects. One of the presently emerging areas in educational technology is Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, and Cyber Physical System. While it has been over the last few years, it is yet ambiguous for educationists how to form a didactic asset of it on an expansive scale, or how it can literally impact purposely on instruction and learning in the field of engineering education. In this survey we explores an analysis based on the applications of AI, IOT, and CPS in education through a systematic review. The application of the AI and IoT in cloud system is discussed with the shortcomings of the current systems.
Artificial Intelligence is described as the intelligence performed by automobiles and PC’s in
achieving covert tasks much akin to how typical humans think and execute. Thus AI is also described
as machine intelligence [
Samarakou et al. [
language understanding
Martin et al., analysed the possibilities of the CPI utilization in engineering education. Moreira et al. [6], had systematically reviewed survey, architecture, fundamental technologies, and applications of IoT. Barnes et al. [7], analysed the safety issues of AI independently and search advanced issues and results. Ramlowat et al. [8], focused explicitly on applications of internet of things in education system. Rawung et al. [9], survey the potential applications, challenges of CPI. Gunes et al. [10], presented the concepts, issues, applications in CPS. Majeed et al. [11], focused on how IOT is making campuses smart. Pai et al. [12], demonstrated various applications of IOT in education field. Rho et al. [13], described technologies and applications in CPS domain.Kondaka et al. [16] propounded an algorithm known as iCloud Assisted Intensive Deep Learning (iCAIDL), that support medical domain utilizing an intelligent cloud system bridging the deep learning techniques with the cloud system for effective healthcare. Sejidiu et al. [17] presented a review based on the integration of semantics within the sensor data focussing on the solutions of providing the semantic annotations on sensor data clarifying the requirements of the existing systems.
● Big Data: Most industries depend massively on data. Knowledge has turned into a hot asset that many management wants to beat the clash devoted to. AI can serve institutions with best algorithms proficient of identifying aberration and codify results to improvise the operations. Engineers use big data and Artificial Intelligence to promote large-scale civil projects. The technology can benefit them by analyzing where pupils are and what public framework projects they can achieve to address issues [14].
● Internet of Things: The Internet of Things (IoT) has set off long ago. Many organizations regularly working to get everyone associated. Smart devices allows pupil to be in touch wherever they are. Connectivity has aided the engineering sector along with IoT devices that make feasible for professionals to auditor projects casually. The Internet’s transformation and advancement is growing. In the last few years, the Internet has bolstered itself by joining people from all over the earth through laptops, PC’s, and smartphones [11], Nowadays, with the transformation of the comprehensive online network, a broad area of devices like home devices, automobiles, and electronic apparatus along with collection of smart devices interact using the Internet services hence establish the IoT. Various terminologies have emanated from the article on internet of things technology specifically the Internet of Everything (IoE), the Internet of Anything (IoA), or the Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT).
The architecture of Internet of Things in Fig. 2 contains layers that analyze the peculiar automation used from the low level layers for maintaining the sensors, actuators and network function to the uppermost layers for operation and information delivery [8]. The application layer serves as a terminal to the function of IOT. Network layer achieves the assignment linked with the transport and network layers in the background of the model known as an “Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model” of communication. The layer called device layer carries out the process of the physical layer [6].
The education domain is supposed to go through enormous transformation due to the internet of things. From the last few years, the internet of things application has managed to strengthen educational assets in the structure of ascendable, rich media content [6], Bagheri et al. [8], focused on an education business model and vital aspects like managing energy and monitoring the ecosystem, healthcare supervision of students, connection of lecture rooms and improvisation of instructionlearning processes.
• Green Internet of Things in Engineering Education: The facet related to the utilization of green internet of things techniques in the education sector like engineering to set up smart lecture rooms [11]. Sustainability of resources is the main focus for IoT in domains like engineering education. To accomplish this, a number of tasks must be taken up as alleged by the author.
The Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are defined as engineered systems that are developed and built on the logical integration of computational algorithms and physical components. It can be small and closed, such as an artificial pancreas, or extensive, convoluted, and analogous, like a local energy grid [15]. The technology frames the earlier development of computers, embedded systems in equipment whose fundamental aim is not computing, like automobiles, medical equipment, and scientific apparatus.
Cyber Physical System Applications ● Aeronautic applications: Cyber-Physical Systems are used for various aeronautic applications like Structure Health Monitoring, flight test instrumentation, Pilot- crew communications, inflight entertainment Wireless Cabin, and flight landing [5].
● Smart grid: It is an ecosystem that relies on information procurement estimation and decision making. Mostly, used in transmission and delivery. In generation, it will rule the network’s connectivity along with operational facet in the generation of electricity [10]
● Humanoid robots: It can be useful in taking care of the older people at homes and for personal purposes [13].
This review paper explained the applications of Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, Cyber Physical systems in brief. Cyber physical systems cater superior results to the real time issues facing nowadays. CPI changes the perception of how humans communicate with the outside world. Artificial Intelligence boosts the aspect of education by predicting students’ psychology. On the other hand, the Internet of Things supports research that fundamentally changes the way in which learning is delivered to learners. Using real objects and associating them as a learning resource through the IoT, brings tremendous benefits in engineering education. The IoT in medical domain also encourages the on time health facilities available to elder people with the guarantee of the health data. The limitation of this field is the lack of proper authentication of the data which is need to overcome for the robustness.