=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-3085/paper09
|storemode=property
|title=Technology of application of 3D models of electrical engineering in the performing laboratory work
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3085/paper09.pdf
|volume=Vol-3085
|authors=Ilona V. Batsurovska,Nataliia A. Dotsenko,Vladimir N. Soloviev,Svitlana H. Lytvynova,Olena A. Gorbenko,Nataliia I. Kim,Antonina P. Haleeva
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==Technology of application of 3D models of electrical engineering in the performing laboratory work==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3085/paper09.pdf
Technology of application of 3D models of electrical
engineering in the performing laboratory work
Ilona V. Batsurovska1 , Nataliia A. Dotsenko1 , Vladimir N. Soloviev2 ,
Svitlana H. Lytvynova3 , Olena A. Gorbenko1 , Nataliia I. Kim1 and
Antonina P. Haleeva1
1
Mykolayiv National Agrarian University, 9 Georgya Gongadze Str., Mykolayiv, 54020, Ukraine
2
Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University, 54 Gagarin Ave., Kryvyi Rih, 50086, Ukrainee
3
Institute for Digitalisation of Education of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, 9 M. Berlynskoho
Str., Kyiv, 04060, Ukraine
Abstract
The article presents the technology of application of 3D models of electrical engineering in the performing
laboratory work. It was outlined the organizational and methodological conditions, forms and methods,
learning tools of the proposed technology. The organizational and methodological conditions include the
use of computer 3D models in laboratory work; creation and implementation into the educational process
laboratory work that involves the development of computer 3D modeling; providing the necessary
guidelines for the use and development of computer 3D modeling during laboratory work. Application
of the 3D models in the performing laboratory work of electrical engineering disciplines can be realised
on the initial, average and high levels. Upon completion of the development of the presented technology,
an experimental study was conducted, which included the identification of the appropriate level of
use of 3D models in the process of performing laboratory work in the study of electrical engineering
disciplines. The obtained experimental results were verified using Student’s statistical t-test for relative
indicators. The result of the implementation of technology is the application of 3D models in educational
and professional activities in the field of electrical engineering.
Keywords
3D models, laboratory work, electrical engineering disciplines
CTE 2021: 9th Workshop on Cloud Technologies in Education, December 17, 2021, Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine
" batsurovska_ilona@outlook.com (I. V. Batsurovska); dotsenkona@outlook.com (N. A. Dotsenko);
vnsoloviev2016@gmail.com (V. N. Soloviev); s.h.lytvynova@gmail.com (S. H. Lytvynova);
gorbenko_ea@mnau.edu.ua (O. A. Gorbenko); kim_ni@mnau.edu.ua (N. I. Kim); galeevaap@mnau.edu.ua
(A. P. Haleeva)
~ https://www.mnau.edu.ua/faculty-energy/kaf-electro/batsurovska/ (I. V. Batsurovska);
https://www.mnau.edu.ua/faculty-energy/kaf-general-technical/dotsenko/ (N. A. Dotsenko);
https://kdpu.edu.ua/personal/vmsoloviov.html (V. N. Soloviev);
https://iitlt.gov.ua/eng/structure/departments/technology/detail.php?ID=271 (S. H. Lytvynova);
https://www.mnau.edu.ua/faculty-energy/kaf-agroengineering/gorbenkooa/ (O. A. Gorbenko);
https://www.mnau.edu.ua/faculty-energy/kaf-agroengineering/kimni/ (N. I. Kim);
https://www.mnau.edu.ua/faculty-energy/kaf-tsgm-ets/galeeva/ (A. P. Haleeva)
0000-0002-8407-4984 (I. V. Batsurovska); 0000-0003-1050-8193 (N. A. Dotsenko); 0000-0002-4945-202X
(V. N. Soloviev); 0000-0002-5450-6635 (S. H. Lytvynova); 0000-0001-6006-6931 (O. A. Gorbenko);
0000-0003-1050-8193 (N. I. Kim); 0000-0002-8017-3133 (A. P. Haleeva)
© 2022 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
CEUR
Workshop
Proceedings
http://ceur-ws.org
ISSN 1613-0073
CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)
323
1. Introduction
The development of new technologies, computerization of all sectors of the economy, science
and education requires, on the one hand, the creation and implementation of new information
tools and technologies, and, on the other hand, due to problems with their use in professional
activities, it is necessary to implement new approaches in the training of future professionals.
Thus, there is a need to improve pedagogical approaches to laboratory work, in particular in the
study of electrical engineering disciplines. Creation of 3D models is currently in a new stage
of development in the study of electrical engineering. Therefore, higher education applicants
must use 3D models of electrical engineering equipment for successful laboratory work, and
therefore in the future for professional activities.
In the last researches there are summarized advances and trends in 3D models and digital
control [1]. It allows the study of physical processes, complex technical systems, provides the
assistance in understanding existing engineering materials [2]. Many developments techniques
arose initially as solutions to problems of modeling the physical and electronic behaviors of
materials [3]. The 3D simulations involve various methods of hydrodynamics and computational
fluid dynamics as a complex tool [4]. Cloud computing faces challenges because it is not
economical and impractical for research institutions and industries to set up a physical cloud
for research and experiments on it, the researchers have chosen to test their contributions
with 3D models and simulators [5, 6, 7]. It is explored the relation of simulations to numerical
methods [8]. Computers are widely used in physics and other natural sciences to simulate
physical phenomena. Thus, people routinely use computers to model many and different
physical systems [9]. Diouf and Lo [10] presented a numerical investigation about the dielectric
properties. For the understanding of some physical parameters (spectral width, specific pulsation
and the number of particle), these parameters were varied to observe their influences on the real
and imaginary susceptibility as well as the reflective index of the environment. Rozhdestvensky
et al. [11] gets acquainted with the hierarchical principle of building models from simple to
complex.
Traditionally the majority of E-learning courses provide learners with text-based material
and allow them to contact the course tutor via email [12]. Virtual Reality (VR) on the basis of 3D
models has a lot to offer the e-learning paradigm [13], it can give people a sense of belonging
and, as they mimic the real world, they are a natural way to access information [14]. The
machine learning models assist the designers in choosing different design strategies [15, 16].
The visualization of line geometry via the 3D graphic statics is presented by Kodrnja et al.
[17]. Until sufficient practical experience and documented examples are available, emerging
technological methods to create educational content typically require in-depth knowledge from
different fields in order to apply them in the most beneficial way [18]. The method of creating
photorealistic 3D models (PR3DMs) of real-world objects with the methods of photogrammetry
is an example of such emerging technologies [19]. Tosheva [20] presents cloud solutions for
3D modeling, which can be used in technology education to create and visualize technical
objects, when working on the design and solution of various technical and creative tasks.
Experimenting projects and models is a current practice in education were described by Mihaila
et al. [21]. Barkatov et al. [22] presents the instrument and verification learning through 3D
modeling as educational process of documenting students’ projects as architectural exercises.
324
3D printing has been shown to be beneficial in several educational settings; however, to our
knowledge, its effectiveness in pharmacy, medicinal chemistry and pharmacology learning [23].
The introduction of CAD and VR techniques is helpful to students in order to prepare them to
consider these technologies as important supports, later in their professional practice [24]. In
the conditions of blended learning the dialogue clusters of students were stronger when the
interactions were related to the subject of the course [25]. Representing 3D objects by multiple
views has become a common solution to the problem of 3D object retrieval [26]. 3D images
contain depth information, they have gradually gained importance for numerical systems in
image analysis [27].
The authors investigated some aspects of engineering education, for example, it was presented
the implementation of future agricultural engineers’ training technology in the informational
and educational environment [28] and the technology of application of competence-based
educational simulators in the informational and educational environment for learning general
technical disciplines [29]. There is investigation about technological model of training of Masters
in Electrical Engineering to electrical installation and commissioning [30], but the using of 3D
models in the performing laboratory work on electrical engineering disciplines was not the
specific subject of the study.
The aim of the article is to develop technology of application of 3D models of electrical
engineering in the performing laboratory work.
2. Methods
In the first stage of the study, it was used the survey method and took into account the quanti-
tative and qualitative indicators of the use of computer modelling in the process of performing
laboratory work in the study of electrical engineering disciplines. The experiment involved 40
higher education applicants in electrical engineering. The division into control and experimen-
tal groups was statistically checked for homogeneity using Fisher’s test. It is determined that
the formed groups are homogeneous. In the control group, the number of higher education
applicants in electrical engineering is 19, in the experimental – 21 persons. After the division
into control and experimental groups, we began to implement the author’s model of application
of 3D models in the process of performing laboratory work in the study of electrical engineering
disciplines. At the end of the experimental work, the input and output quantitative indicators
of the quality of training were checked using Student’s t-test [31].
3. The implementation of technology of application of 3D
models of electrical engineering in the performing laboratory
work
In recent years, due to the development of graphical interfaces and graphics packages, 3D
models have become widespread. 3D models model can be understood as a conditional image of
an object or a system of objects (or processes) described by interdependent computer drawings
and animations that reflect the structure and relationships between the elements of an object
325
or system. Creating 3D models in the process of performing laboratory work in the study of
electrical engineering disciplines is a method of solving the technical problem of analysis or
synthesis of a complex electrical system based on the use of its computer model. The computer
model in the process of performing laboratory in the study of electrical engineering disciplines
should reflect as fully as possible all the main factors and relationships that characterize real
situations and limitations. In addition, 3D models should be as versatile (to cover the widest
range of electrical objects as intended) and simple (to help perform the necessary research
at minimal cost). It is considered the technology of application 3D models in the process of
performing laboratory work in the study of electrical engineering disciplines (figure 1).
There is a need to visualize modern models of electrical elements in 3D space. Digitalization
and the needs of remote work of specialists in the electrical industry outline the purpose of
the investigation – the development of technology of the application of 3D models of elec-
trical engineering in the performing laboratory work. The outlined goal is achieved through
organizational and methodological conditions such as:
1) use of computer 3D models in laboratory work;
2) creation and implementation into the educational process of specialists in electrical engi-
neering laboratory work, involving the development of computer 3D modeling;
3) providing the necessary guidelines for the use and development of computer 3D modeling
during laboratory work.
This goal is achieved on the basis of such forms of training as instruction and laboratory work,
as well as visual and practical methods. Instruction is a kind of explanation and presentation
of the task by the tutor. It includes elements of conversation, demonstration of methods of
work, procedures, demonstration of objects of labour, technological process. When performing
laboratory work during the study of electrical engineering disciplines, the instruction includes
the following:
1. Follow the sequence when performing work.
2. Carefully consider computer 3D models and study their components.
3. If there are difficulties in work of the 3D equipment, it is necessary to inform the tutor about
it.
4. Enter the results of measurements / calculations in the table, having thought over their form
in advance, if it is not specified in the instructions.
5. At the end of the experiment, the final results should be calculated and the results obtained
discussed.
6. In defense of laboratory work, the higher education applicant submits a short-written report
with the results of measurements, calculated values and constructed graphs, 3D models and
conclusions. Then he must answer the questions asked by the supervisor regarding the
laboratory work or its individual parts and present his own computer-generated 3D models.
Admission to laboratory work is given by the tutor. In the interview with the student the
degree of their readiness for employment is revealed. If a higher education applicant cannot
formulate the basic principles of the theory on which the work is based, describe the sequence of
326
The need to visualize the models Digitization and the needs of
of electrical elements in 3D- remote practical work of
dimensional space specialists in the electrical
industry
The aim: development of technology of application of 3D models of
electrical engineering in the performing laboratory work
Forms and methods
Organizational and
methodological • Instruction • Visual
conditions: • Laboratory • Practical
work
1. Use of computer
3D-models in laboratory
work
2. Creation and Tools
implementation into the
educational process of • Educational and
specialists in electrical methodological support
engineering laboratory • Internet resources
work, involving the • Hardware and software
development of computer
3D-modeling
3. Providing the
necessary guidelines for the
use and development of High Average Initial
computer 3D-modeling
during laboratory work
The result: the application of 3D models in educational and professional
activities in the field of electrical engineering
FigureFig.1.
1: TheThe technology
technology of application
of application 3Dofmodels
3D models ofengineering
electrical electrical engineering in the
in the performing laboratory
work. performing laboratory work
327
research, does not know how to work with equipment and computer 3D models – then he is not
allowed to do the work. After obtaining admission, students receive additional instruction on a
specific job and specific tasks for it. Admission of students to work is assessed and recorded in
the laboratory journal. Laboratory work is a form of study in which a higher education applicant,
under the guidance of a tutor, personally conducts simulation experiments, based on the use
of computer simulations or experiments to practically confirm certain theoretical positions in
electrical engineering disciplines. By working with computer models acquires practical skills in
working with laboratory equipment, hardware, computers, measuring equipment, methods of
experimental research in a particular subject area.
InInthe
theprocess
process of of performing
performinglaboratory
laboratoryworkworkin in
electrical engineering
electrical engineeringdisciplines, higher
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education
higher education applicants learn to apply the acquired theoretical knowledge. Studyingon
applicants learn to apply the acquired theoretical knowledge. Studying the theory
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computer 3D models
examples taken from
of computer life on the
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life onachievements
the basis of of
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achievements organization
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practical knowledge contribute toofthepractical
clear organization formation
of qualities that should be possessed by a future specialist in the field of electrical
knowledge contribute to the formation of qualities that should be possessed by a future engineering.
The technology
specialist in theoffield
performing laboratory
of electrical work in The
engineering. the study of electrical
technology disciplineslaboratory
of performing is presented
in figure 2.
work in the study of electrical disciplines is presented in Figure 2.
The Study of
purpose Development of Preparation
General electrical 3D parts of
and own variations of of a report
theoretical circuits an
program of 3D-models with and control
information and 3D electronic
laboratory the help of questions
models object
work modern software
Figure 2: The technology of performing laboratory work in the study of electrical disciplines.
Fig. 2. The technology of performing laboratory work in the study of electrical
disciplines
Before performing laboratory work, the higher education applicant must:
Before performing laboratory work, the higher education applicant must:
• process instructions for work;
• process instructions for work;
• know the purpose of the work and its main tasks;
• know the purpose of the work and its main tasks;
• understand the basic theoretical provisions and laws on which the work is based;
• understand the basic theoretical provisions and laws on which the work is based;
• if self-study of the material on the literature specified in the instructions was insufficient
• if self-study of the material on the literature specified in the instructions was
to understand the essence of phenomena or processes, higher education applicant should
insufficient to understand the essence of phenomena or processes, higher education
consult a tutor;
applicant should consult a tutor;
• get acquainted with the workplace and equipment used in the process of work;
• get acquainted with the workplace and equipment used in the process of work;
• know the procedure and sequence of operations;
• know the procedure and sequence of operations;
• prepare tables for recording the results of measurements and calculations, as well as paper
• prepare tables for recording the results of measurements and calculations, as well as
for plotting.
paper for plotting.
ToToachieve
achievethethegoal
goal of
of this model,
model, methods
methodssuchsuchasasvisual
visualand
andpractical
practicalareare
used.
used.
Visualmethods
Visual methodsinvolve
involvethe
therepresentation
representationof of electrical
electrical objects
objects in the form
form ofof 3D
3Dimages
imagesfor
maximum
for maximum convenience in theirin
convenience understanding; giving a tangible
their understanding; giving form to any electrical
a tangible form to object,
any
subject, process,
electrical object,etc. By visualization
subject, it isBy
process, etc. meant computer it3Dis objects
visualization – the visual3D
meant computer information
objects
transmission
– the visual system allowstransmission
information to control computer
system3D models
allows to that are broadcast
control computeron 3Dthemodels
screen.
that are broadcast on the screen.
When visualizing educational material during laboratory work in electrical engineering
disciplines, it should be considered that 328 visual images shorten the chain of verbal
considerations and expand the possibilities of distance learning during laboratory work
in electrical engineering disciplines, in particular during a pandemic or lack of
laboratory equipment.
Thus, visualization of educational information during laboratory work in electrical
engineering disciplines allows to solve a number of pedagogical tasks:
• ensuring the intensification of laboratory classes;
• intensification of practical educational and cognitive activities;
When visualizing educational material during laboratory work in electrical engineering
disciplines, it should be considered that visual images shorten the chain of verbal considerations
and expand the possibilities of distance learning during laboratory work in electrical engineering
disciplines, in particular during a pandemic or lack of laboratory equipment.
Thus, visualization of educational information during laboratory work in electrical engineer-
ing disciplines allows to solve a number of pedagogical tasks:
• ensuring the intensification of laboratory classes;
• intensification of practical educational and cognitive activities;
• formation and development of critical and visual-spatial thinking and visual perception;
• presentation of electrical facilities and training activities in 3D space;
• increase of visual literacy and visual culture in the electric power industry.
Practical teaching methods involve different types of spatial activities and require indepen-
dence of higher education applicants in learning. Performing exercises in 3D space provides
repetition of certain actions in order to master them, which is based on understanding, accom-
panied by conscious control and adjustment. Exercises should not be a random set of similar
actions, but should be based on a system, a clearly planned sequence of actions, including
gradual complication, they should not be interrupted for a long time. The effectiveness of the
exercise depends on the analysis of its results.
The value of the practical method is that they help to connect theory with practice, equip
higher education applicants with one of the research methods in 3D space, develop skills in
using devices, teach to process measurement results and make the right scientific conclusions
and suggestions.
The learning tools included teaching and methodological support, Internet resources and
hardware and software.
Educational and methodological support for laboratory work in electrical engineering disci-
plines that based on computer 3D models is a set of educational and methodological materials
that provide the educational process. The specified support provides practical work in 3D space,
the corresponding form of the reporting and forms of control of knowledge for the organization
and performance of laboratory work in electrical engineering disciplines.
Internet resources are a set of links to relevant sources on the Internet. Such sources include:
• links to distance learning courses developed;
• references to mass open online courses, which provide for laboratory work in electrical
engineering disciplines in the context of an educational program;
• links to interactive educational portals that provide work with 3D space;
• additional links to audiovisual electrical content.
Hardware and software are a set of programs for laboratory work in electrical engineering
disciplines in 3D space. 3D simulation software can help turn tangible electrical objects into
beautiful computer models and prototypes. Choosing the optimal simulation software is often
difficult, as it is not easy to find a program that would have all the necessary functionality. In
329
our work, we have recommended for laboratory work in electrical engineering disciplines such
as Wings 3D, 3DMonster, Daz Studio, AutoDesk 123D, PTC Creo, Autodesk 3ds Max.
Figure 3 shows an element of laboratory work in the discipline of “Lighting” on the topic
“Research of natural and artificial light”, which studies the structure of lamps of different types
in 3D space.
Figure 3: Laboratory work on the subject “Lighting” on “Research of natural and artificial light”: a
study of the structure of lamps of different types in 3D space.
With the help of computer 3D models, it is possible to study the structure of different types
of lamps, consider the components that fill it.
Also, the hardware and software provide the ability to disassemble 3D models into structural
elements or from the proposed components to assemble an electrical device in 3D space.
Figure 4 shows the element of laboratory work in the discipline of “Electrical technology” on
the topic “The principle of operation of tubular electric heaters”, which performs the analysis of
the tubular electric heater into structural elements.
Also, the hardware and software provide an opportunity to assemble an electrical device
from the proposed components in 3D space.
Organizational and methodological conditions, forms, methods and tools provide progress
in the levels of use of computer simulation in the process of laboratory work in the study
of electrical engineering disciplines. The initial level of use of computer simulation in the
process of performing laboratory work in the study of electrical engineering disciplines is
characterized by the presence of theoretical knowledge. The applicant has an idea of the basic
terms and processes in the power industry, understands the phasing of laboratory work. Being
theoretically knowledgeable, the applicant is able to work with computer 3D models.
The average level of use of computer simulation in the process of laboratory work in the study
of electrical engineering disciplines takes into account the presence of theoretical knowledge
that characterizes the initial level, as well as the understanding of work in 3D space. Computer
330
Figure 4: Laboratory work on the subject “Electrical technology” on the topic “The principle of operation
of tubular electric heaters: disassembly of a tubular electric heater into structural elements”.
components of electrical elements are able to consist of 3D components. Higher education
applicant is able in the context of specific laboratory work to form 3D projects of computer
models, to perform calculations independently.
The high level of use of computer simulation in the process of laboratory work in the study
of electrical engineering disciplines takes into account the presence of key components that
characterize the average level and also provides skills for self-formation of computer models
in 3D space in the context of laboratory work. Higher education applicants are able to design
step-by-step tasks for the formation of computer models in 3D space, understand the principles
of formation of key 3D components of computer models.
The result of the model is the application of 3D models in educational and professional
activities in the field of electrical engineering.
4. Results
The implementation of the technology of application of 3D models in the process of performing
laboratory work in the study of electrical engineering disciplines was accompanied by a set
of developed 3D models and tasks for their independent development. Upon completion of
the development of the presented technology, an experimental study was conducted, which
included the identification of the appropriate level of use of computer simulation in the process
of performing laboratory work in the study of electrical engineering disciplines. The obtained
experimental results were verified using Student’s statistical t-test for relative indicators and
are presented in table 1.
Note that for all three levels the differences are statistically significant (𝑝 < 0.05), and the
331
Table 1
The results of the study of the level of use of 3D models of electrical engineering in the process of
performing laboratory work.
The share of units Average The share of units Average
Level CG EG CG with this indicator relative with this indicator relative
in the 1st group error, 𝑚1 in the 2nd group error, 𝑚2
High 3 10 15.79 ± 8.59 47.62 ± 11.17 2.26
Average 5 7 26.32 ± 10.38 57.14 ± 11.07 2.03
Initial 11 4 57.89 ± 11.64 19.05 ± 8.78 2.66
Total 19 21 - - - - -
number of degrees of freedom 𝑓 = 38. The critical value of the Student’s t-test is 2.024, with a
significance level of 𝛼 = 0.05.
Thus, the obtained empirical values of Student’s t-test are greater than critical, which means
that they belong to the zone of significance. The levels of application of computer simulation in
the process of performing laboratory work in the study of electrical engineering disciplines in
control and experimental groups at the end of the experiment have significant differences.
It is obvious that the authors’ technology of using computer simulation in the process of
performing laboratory work in the study of electrical engineering disciplines is effective.
5. Conclusion
The technology of application computer simulation in the laboratory work on electrical engi-
neering disciplines is based on the need to visualize modern models of electrical elements in 3D
space, digitization and the need for remote work of electrical professionals. The development of
technology involves organizational and methodological conditions (use of computer 3D models
in laboratory work; creation and implementation in the educational process of specialists in
electrical engineering laboratory work, providing for the development of computer 3D modeling;
providing the necessary guidelines for use and development of computer 3D modeling during
laboratory work), forms (instruction, laboratory work), methods (visual and practical) and
tools (educational and methodological support, Internet resources and hardware and software).
The result of the implementation of technology is the use of 3D models in educational and
professional activities in the field of electrical engineering.
According to the obtained experimental results that were verified using Student’s statistical
t-test for relative indicators it can be claimed that the technology of application of computer
simulation in the process of performing laboratory work in the study of electrical engineering
disciplines is promising.
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