=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-3090/paper21
|storemode=property
|title=Online Communities of Support for School Teachers in VK
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3090/paper21.pdf
|volume=Vol-3090
|authors=Anastasia Nikolskaya
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/ims2/Nikolskaya21
}}
==Online Communities of Support for School Teachers in VK==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3090/paper21.pdf
Online Communities of Support for School Teachers in VK
Anastasia Nikolskayaa,
a
Higher School of Economics, 16 Soyuza Pechatnikov Str., Saint Petersburg, 190121, Russia
Abstract
This paper explores main topics discussed in online communities of Russian-speaking school
teachers in the Social Network Site Vkontakte. The method applied for the identification and
further interpretation of topics is Structural Topic Modelling (STM) in R. Text posts from
seven large open groups for teachers were analyzed during this study. The paper shows 24
distinguished topics that appear in teachers’ groups in VK and their connection with types of
social support observed in teachers’ online communities; most frequent terms, the proportion
of topic presence, and examples of posts are also provided. Besides, the research explores
correlation between found topics and their co-occurrence in one post. Finally, the paper
presents discussion of received results and compares it with studies conducted on other online
platforms in different countries.
Keywords 1
Online communities, school teachers, SNS, Structural Topic Modelling, Vkontakte
1. Introduction
Social Network Sites such as Vkontakte provide school teachers an opportunity to form online
communities, where they can communicate with their colleagues independently from time and location.
Many studies of online communities in Social Network Sites explored the patterns of communication
between members, including information exchange and forms of provided support. Studies of
communities in Facebook and Twitter for people with such diseases as diabetes and cancer showed that
mainly members discuss their experience related to practices, share scientific information, and ask for
moral support [1, 2].
The field of studies of teachers’ online communities also contains works about ways of knowledge-
sharing [3], reasons of teachers’ online interactions [4], their motivation to participate in online
communities for professionals, and forms of support which they can receive in these communities [5,
6]. Recent studies are also draw its attention to situations, when large teachers’ groups in SNSs become
commercialized, while unpaid most active members do not receive any payments from it [7].
Despite the fact that there are studies of forms of online support in teachers’ communities, specific
topics which teachers discuss in their online communities are not the main focus of researchers’
attention.
The main aim of this research is to distinguish the main topics of posts in large online communities
for school teachers in Vkontakte and explore which topics receive a higher response from participants
of communities.
Therefore, the research question is the following: what are the principal topics discussed in posts in
online communities of support for school teachers in VK?
2. Literature review
Content and participants’ interactions in online communities for teachers are studied by researchers
from several aspects. One of the ways of studies concentrates on the fact that online communities are
IMS 2021 - International Conference "Internet and Modern Society", June 24-26, 2021, St. Petersburg, Russia
EMAIL: amnikolskaya@edu.hse.ru
ORCID:
© 2021 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)
220 PART 2: Digital Transformation and Global Society
one of the methods of informal learning for teachers. The other direction of studies uses the framework
of social support and suggests that besides exchanging of information teachers support each other
emotionally and by providing feedback.
Besides online communities for teachers also can be perceived as a way to avoid professional
isolation [8]. Teachers from remoted areas often have lack face-to-face interactions with professionals
in their sphere [4, 9]. That is why online communities due to its access in any time and place can solve
this problem [10].
2.1. Teachers’ professional development in online communities
Professional development of teachers can happen not only during formal events such as professional
courses but also online with the help of professional online communities [4]. One of the earlier studies
of school teachers’ professional development suggested that the interactions in the online community
for professionals makes learning more effective [11]. Authors identified that teachers cooperated with
each other by sharing links to educational sources and study materials, teachers discussed their
experience of including of new computer technologies into their teaching practices, and collectively
came up with alternative methods for teaching. The idea of the importance of public exchange of
teaching experience was supported by Lieberman and Mace [9], who suggested that teachers’
knowledge exchanging in online communities helps not only in adaptation of new ideas into their work
but also in structuring already known information. Furthermore, in later studies was elaborated that the
ideas, which teachers learn from their online communities and later adapt into their classroom practices,
also allow improving the performance of their students [12]. Besides, the study provided that teachers
were actively involved in discussion mostly under the topics which were more relevant to them at the
time when they were addressed to the community.
In later studies, researchers started to elaborate on the idea that interactions in online communities
for teachers are one of the key elements for teachers’ learning. The case study of the teachers’
collaborative space eTwinning revealed that the collaboration of participants influences their feeling of
mutual trust, which increases the effectivity of providing reflections about gained knowledge and the
overall dynamic of discussion [13]. The importance of interaction was also highlighted in the study of
PROEDI, the social network created specifically for teachers [14]. It was pointed out that the constant
communication among participants allows other members faster find information about newly-appeared
teaching practices and technologies.
Several studies of teachers’ professional development argued that teachers need not only easy access
to necessary information but also emotional support from peers [15, 16]. From the perspective of peer
coaching, the main factors affecting teachers’ learning are reflections and emotional encouragement
[16].
2.2. Social support in online communities for teachers
The study of the teachers’ community in the Social Network Site Twitter stated that teachers use the
space both for gain knowledge and encouraging from other community members [17]. The study of
teachers’ usage of Facebook for professional purposes also supported this idea and suggests that
teachers seek in online communities emotional support and opportunity to communicate with
colleagues [18]. The research of Kelly and Antonio [5] conducted in open groups for teachers in
Facebook showed that in communities teachers provide support online in several forms. The main form
of support observed by researchers in those groups for school teachers was connected with discussion
of practices. Next, the recent study of Facebook groups for teachers in Taiwan showed that teachers,
who participate in online groups for schools’ professionals, are more confident in results of their
teaching performance due to the exchange of support with peers [19].
IMS-2021. International Conference “Internet and Modern Society” 221
3. Material and Methods
The data for the analysis consisted of posts collected from 7 groups of mutual support for teachers
in Vkontakte. All groups were open and met the following criteria: activity since 2017 or earlier, more
than 1000 followers, no specification to school subject, opportunity for all members to offer posts and
comment them.
As a result, groups “Подслушано у учителей”, “Злой Учитель”, “Подслушано| Учительский
портал”, “Я - классный руководитель”, “Фоксфорд.Учителю”, “Geek Teachers||Учителя гики”,
“Профсоюз ‘Учитель’” were included in the sample. The data was parsed from Vkontakte with the
help of API and R-package (“vkR”). Overall, 68 150 posts within the period from 2017 to 2019 were
collected, posts marked as ads were removed.
Data analysis was conducted using the method of Structural Topic Modelling and R-package “stm”.
The number of topics was identified with the function searchK. Before processing the model, the text
corpus was tokenized and prepared for future analysis with the package “quanteda”. All letters were
converted to lower case, punctuation, special symbols, numbers, typical Russian stop words and 132
custom stop words were removed.
Interpretation of topics was made using two indicators: High Probability and FREX (“Frequency
and Exclusivity”). The parameter High Probability shows the most frequent words, which are more
likely to appear in posts with this topic, while FREX indicates frequent unique words for the topic. The
full list of topics’ keywords with examples of posts is provided in Table 1. Besides, after topics’
identification the network of correlations among topics was built.
Table 1
List of identified topics with their interpretation
To- High FREX Interpreta % Example of post
pic Probability tion Propor
tion
23 классов, умк, Young 11,54 “Анонимно. Я мс. Скажите, много
учитель, переподготовк professio ли времени уходит на написание
начальных у, заканчиваю, nals рабочих программ и планов
, школа, дипломе, ??Выхожу на работу с 10.08, и
работать, бакалавриат боюсь что не успею все сдать (
английског минимум 6 классов) Какими
о, источниками пользуетесь.
образован Английский язык ( Spotlight и
ие Enjoy English)может ли кто то
поделиться ?заранее спасибо”
Podslushano - uchitelskiy portal, 07-
08-2018
19 год, декрета, Vacations 10,88 “Доброе утро! У меня такой
отпуск, отпускные, including вопрос. Я сообщила директору о
директор, бухгалтерии, maternal выходе с сентября на работу, но
работать, больничный and seek недавно узнала, что я снова
руководст leaves беременна. Теперь боюсь
во, сообщить об этом, боюсь
заявление, осуждения. Как мне лучше это
дней сделать?” Podslushano u uchiteley,
29- 06-2019
8 поделитес идеями, Asks for 10,2 “Здравствуйте! Поделитесь,
ь, заранее, паблики, sharing пожалуйста, может у кого-нибудь
дорогие, сценарием, ideas, есть примерные задания
класс, методичка, materials, олимпиадные по математике за 1
222 PART 2: Digital Transformation and Global Society
To- High FREX Interpreta % Example of post
pic Probability tion Propor
tion
опытом, подкиньте, experienc класс ? Заранее спасибо”
помогите, посвящение, e Podslushano - uchitelskiy portal, 08-
провести поделитесь 04-2019
4 скажите, обстоят, Conflicts 7,58 “Могут ли заставить учителя
право, отказаться, with делать ремонт, если он
директор, прописано, school увольняется? Как правильно по
администр организатором, administr закону.(анонимно)” Ya - klassniy
ация, заставляют, ation, rukovoditel, 11- 06-2018
должен, субботу, teachers’
имеет ссылаться rights and
duties
18 класс, пмпк, Students’ 7,5 “Анонимно. Дети подрались в
дети, столкнулась, discipline пятом классе. Прибежала, завела
делать, дисциплину, issues в кабинет - писать
родители, дз, уроках, объяснительные. Родители
год, проблема возмущаются, что не имела права
первый, брать объяснительные с детей, да
урок еще и без присутствия родителей.
Скажите, как у вас в школе с
подобными моментами?” Zloy
uchitel, 22-03-2018
6 егэ, огэ, впр, критерии, State 5,75 “Здравствуйте, коллеги. Вопрос
языку, балла, фипи, exams об ОГЭ по русскому языку. Есть ли
оценки, оцениваете, пособия, в которых тесты бы были
задания, огэ, четвертные разбиты по темам? Например,
русскому, фонетика, орфография... или что-
математик то подобное хотя бы.”
е Podslushano u uchiteley, 29- 09-
2017
22 мама, диктофон, Problems 5,32 “Здравствуйте. Хотела спросить
девочка, обижают, with коллег. Какие записи вы делаете в
мальчик, родительница, students дневнике младшего школьника?
ребенок, обзывает, and their Я такие: " опаздал на урок", "не
ситуации, звонит, parents пришел в школу", "не выучил стих
говорит, мамочка, и т.д.", "не готов к уроку". Мама
родител девочка ученика грозит подать в
прокуратуру, за то что я
"разрисовываю" дневник его
ребенка. Это она написала мне в
дневнике такое послание.” Ya -
klassniy rukovoditel, 02-10-2019
11 курс, регистрация, Online 4,68 “Как проектировать интересные
сайте, вебинаре, courses уроки? Как составить программу
участие, вебинара, fest, урока, чтобы можно было
обучения, технологиям спланировать образовательные
школьнико результаты и при этом
в, соответствовать ФГОС? Ответим
IMS-2021. International Conference “Internet and Modern Society” 223
To- High FREX Interpreta % Example of post
pic Probability tion Propor
tion
сертифика на эти вопросы на бесплатном
т, открытом занятии «Основы
образован педагогического дизайна:
ия изучаем современные
инструменты создания
интересных и эффективных
уроков».” Foxvord - uchitelu, 26-
06- 2019
2 сентября, поздравление, Celebrati 4,44 “Уважаемые коллеги!!!
праздник, #я_классный_р ons Подскажите, весёлую песню для
подарки, уководитель_д первоклассников, на последний
класс, ень_учителя, звонок!!!” Podslushano -
выпускной медали- uchitelskiy portal, 10-05-2019
, марта открытки,
подарками,
поздравляете,
открытки-
медали
3 работать, радуйся, Feelings 3,65 “Просто хочу поделиться....Я
люблю, люблю, towards учитель. ПОМОГИТЕ! Сил уже нет
сил, дома, успеваю, work на работу! Постоянное
год, чувствую, раздражение, срыв. Такое
нравится репетиторство, ощущение, что уже ни на что нет
устала, нервов сил. Может кто сталкивался с
этим на работе? Может я
выгорела?” Ya - klassniy
rukovoditel, 03-10- 2019
7 кабинет, а4, Renovatio 3,56 “Классные руководители, висят
тетради, распечатывать, n and ли в ваших классных комнатах
фото, покупаете, decoratio общие фотографии с классом?
ремонт, оформляете, n of Возникла идея распечатать
купить, шкафы, school несколько лучших фото, вставить
школа раздать, classroom в рамки и повесить. Вот только
стенгазета- s думаю, какого формата... Скорее
раскраска всего, не менее А4.” Ya - klassniy
rukovoditel, 28- 07-2019
24 времени, мнение, Asks for 2,86 “Здравствуйте! Коллеги, как вы
хотелось, группе, colleague считаете из-за чего может быть
интересно, хотелось, s’ непонимание задач в несколько
почему, считаете, opinions действий?” Podslushano -
стоит, относитесь, uchitelskiy portal, 22-10-2018
мнение услышать,
коллег
21 образован луховицкий, Teachers’ 2,74 “Пикет профсоюза "Учитель"
ия, сопредседател professio около здания Минпросвещения в
учитель, ь, профсоюзов, nal union Москве против "черной метки",
педагог, лжем, введенной Департаментом
школ,
224 PART 2: Digital Transformation and Global Society
To- High FREX Interpreta % Example of post
pic Probability tion Propor
tion
профсоюза департамента, образования Москвы.” Profsouz
, области, профсоюза uchitel, 14-12-2018
россии
10 должен, организовывае Parent- 2,65 “Коллеги, подскажите,
учащихся, т, анкета, teacher пожалуйста, наиболее
правила, собрания, meeting актуальную на сегодняшний день
поведения родительское, тему родительского собрания.
, собрание, поведения Спасибо!” Ya - klassniy rukovoditel,
родительс 16- 04-2018
ко
17 учитель, выгляжу, Reflection 2,64 “Когда я шла работать в школу я
работать, обещаю, s about ожидала: - интересные уроки -
почему, профессия, the составление планов уроков -
родители, грязью, шишки, teaching работа со слабо-успеваюшими и
стать придирки, professio одаренными детьми -
наставник n заполнение журнала. В итоге я
хожу на концерты/мероприятия,
на которые сгоняет нас
администрация, хожу по дворам
и переписываю детей, доказываю
родителям, что их дети не на
столько одаренные, как они
убеждены, а скорее сядут в
тюрьму в ближайшие годы за
разбой, уговариваю родителей
прийти на выборы, заполняю кучу
никому ненужной макулатуры.
Да, и в перерывах между этим
всем уроки провожу. Ага.”
Podslushano u uchiteley, 10- 03-
2018
20 слова, слоги, Teaching 2,3 “Здравствуйте,коллеги.Когда в 1
читать, печатными, children классе начинать писать
дети, почерка, to read диктанты?Пишем под диктовку
буквы, почерк, буквы and write буквы и слоги.Про диктанты -
слово, тексты в программе ни слова в 1
писать классе.” Podslushano u uchiteley,
18- 12-2019
16 мая, шаблоны, Preparati 1,92 “9 мая — праздник, который
потерять, ростовская, ons to навсегда останется в нашей
шаблоны, поздравлялок, May 9 памяти. Мы помним подвиг
автор, парад, полк наших солдат и благодарим за
безопасно мирное небо над головой.
сти, уголк Коллеги, как вы рассказываете
ученикам о Дне Победы?”
Foxvord – uchitelu, 09-05- 2018
15 деньги, комплектов, Participati 1,84 “Анонимно, пожалуйста.
участие, собираете, on in Уволилась учитель, которая
IMS-2021. International Conference “Internet and Modern Society” 225
To- High FREX Interpreta % Example of post
pic Probability tion Propor
tion
участвоват участвовать, competiti должна была участвовать в "
ь, конкурсах, ons Учителе года", и теперь участвую
конкурсах, стендов, я. За 2 недели до конкурса я об
дети, олимпиадах этом узнала((( Ничего в голову не
родители, идёт, нужен мастер-класс. Я знаю
принимать вы все можете, подскажите идею.
Буду очень благодарна” Ya -
klassniy rukovoditel, 02- 11-2019
13 новости, протеста, News and 1,83 “КАЗАНЬ, 13 мая — РИА Новости.
учитель, издательско- accidents В Казани задержали
дети, полиграфическ десятиклассника, который
области, ого, пришел в школу с
района, следователи, пневматическим пистолетом и
против, следственного, ножом, сообщили в
родители техникума, республиканском МВД.”
пенсионного Podslushano u uchiteley, 13- 05-
2019
9 дети, захожу, по- Nutrition 1,73 “Всем добрый день! У вас вкусно
столовой, советски, кормят в школьной столовой?
обычно, питаются, Если нет, то вы можете на это как-
дома, жена, завтрак, то повлиять? И что продают в
жена, еду врач, шк буфете? Иногда ребята вместо
обедов покупают шоколадки(((.”
Podslushano - uchitelskiy portal, 20-
11-2018
12 рф, труда, исследовательс Discussio “Существиет ли где-либо
образован ких, лестница, n of нормативная база по оплате
ия, научно- teachers’ труда педагогов с обучающимися
образован практических, wages ОВЗ? К моей коллеге в класс
ии, инновация, and laws пришел ученик, который будет
заработно пртникдм, related to обучаться по адаптированной
й, научно- it программе 7.1. Когда она пошла
российско образовательн спросить о том, положены ли ей
й, платы ой, заработной какие-либр доплаты, то получила
отказ. Оказывается, что
документа, где прописаны
обязательные доплаты
педагогическим работникам при
работе с детьми ОВЗ на
Федеральном уровне нет. Только
рекомендации. Вопрос:
существуют ли такие документы в
природе? Анон.” Podslushano -
uchitelskiy portal, 25-12-2019
226 PART 2: Digital Transformation and Global Society
To- High FREX Interpreta % Example of post
pic Probability tion Propor
tion
5 расписани мэш, гласные, Teachers’ 1,2 “Работаю во вторую смену. Хочу
е, смену, power, work взять репетиторство на утро, но
вторую, расписание, schedule боюсь, что могут быть проблемы,
урок, смену, личной если попросят заменить урок в
личной, первую смену. Что делать?
инициатив Можно ли отказаться от замены
е, по этой причине?” Podslushano u
расписани uchiteley, 27-03-2019
и
1 жить, год, айфон, фен, Expressio 1,02 “Как же надоели эти проверки! Да
дети, баловство, n of просто достали! То убери, сё
души, миксер, emotions убери. Как будто никто из этих
началось, подчинятся, проверяющих чай в кабинете не
глаза, заборы пьёт. Да ещё и важные такие
слезы ходят, детей прерывают при
пересказе. Прям бррррр. Крик
души, извиняюсь. Анонимно.”
Podslushano u uchiteley, 01- 03-
2017
14 читать, онлайн- Home 0,5 “Пару недель назад мы писали,
ребенок, интенсив, reading как повысить у ученика скорость
мест, полюбили, чтения. Этот пост можно найти
количеств сертифицирова тут: https://foxford.ru/I/b7M По
о, нный, просьбам подписчиков
родители, поднимите, подготовили сегодня пост, как
домашнег скорочтению повысить понимание текста.”
о Foxvord – uchitelu, 05-02- 2019
4. Results
The received model contains 24 distinguished topics among posts in groups from the sample.
According to provided keywords (see Table 1), the most frequent topic includes a discussion of young
specialists, their professional training, and specifically a discussion of “training and methodology
complex” which are official recommendations for teaching practices. The second frequent topic is
connected to the discussion of vacations, including maternity and sick leaves. The next frequent topic
includes requests to share ideas and scenarios for school events, manuals, and personal experience.
Besides, among the top-10 frequent topics also are discussions of conflict situations with students
and their parents, problems with school administration, state exams, and school events such as
September 1st and high school graduations. The topic related to problems with school administration
covers a wide range of issues such as writing explanatory notes, conflicts about the distribution of
extracurricular workload on teachers, teachers’ rights, and obligations.
Less frequently in online groups for teachers appears such topic as children’s home reading. Among
the least frequent topics, there are also discussions of emotions, teachers’ working schedule, news and
accidents.
The correlation between topics means that these topics are more likely to be discussed in one
published post.
According to the topics’ correlation network (see Fig.1) topics that cover discussion about conflicts
with students, their discipline issues, problematic situations with parents, asks for colleagues’ opinions
and teachers’ feelings towards their work are closely interconnected.
IMS-2021. International Conference “Internet and Modern Society” 227
Besides, there are additionally two groups consisting of three connected topics. The first “triangle”
consists of topics 21, 13, and 12, which include posts about the activity of teachers’ professional union,
wages, and news related to the educational field. The second “triangle” is formed by topics 2, 8, and 16
connected with discussions of state exams, school events and teachers’ ask for ideas and materials.
Several topics do not have a connection with other topics. These topics discuss specific themes, such
as home reading, participation in teachers’ competitions, online courses for teachers, parent-teacher
meetings, renovation and decoration of school classrooms, teachers’ work schedules.
Figure 1: Correlation of identified topics in groups for school teachers in VK
5. Discussion and Conclusions
From the list of identified topics can be suggested that Russian-speaking teachers are seeking social
support in professional online communities. They are not only sharing and exchange information but
also express their feeling, ask for the opinions of colleagues. Also, several distinguished topics are
related to teachers’ relationships with their surroundings, including students and their parents,
colleagues, and family. Several distinguished topics are connected with conflicts and their solutions.
According to the correlation network topics of feelings’ expression are interconnected with topics that
discuss situations outside the methods of teaching. Teachers exchange their experiences about being
involved in problematic situations at schools. These situations can be related to the behavior of their
students, miscommunications with their parents, relations with school administration. In such posts,
teachers ask for help and reflections of their colleagues, and also seek emotional support from
professionals with similar experiences. It supports the idea that teachers’ interactions in communities
in Social Network Sites involve not only the exchange of professional knowledge but also include
emotional aspects of peer support [18].
Besides, one of the most frequent is related to young specialists. Teachers, who only begin their
school careers undoubtedly need assistance from more experienced colleagues to overcome challenges
[20]. In received results, the topic related to beginning professionals is connected with questions about
colleges’ opinions. It can be assumed that by communicating in online communities young teachers
gain the necessary support for their professional development.
To conclude, online communities in Vkontakte allow teachers to interact with peers, share their ideas
and professional experience, learn practices related not only to teaching but also to conflict solving.
Teachers are able to get emotional support and anonymously express their feeling towards situations at
their workplace, which they lack in face-to-face communications with colleagues.
228 PART 2: Digital Transformation and Global Society
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