=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-3091/paper12
|storemode=property
|title=Unified Design Methodology for State Information Systems
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3091/paper12.pdf
|volume=Vol-3091
|authors=Anton Makarov,Andrey Shabunin
}}
==Unified Design Methodology for State Information Systems==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3091/paper12.pdf
Unified Design Methodology for State Information Systems
Anton Makarov 1,2 and Andrey Shabunin 1
1
St. Petersburg State University, 7/9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
2
Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI", 5, Professora Popova ul., St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
Abstract
The development of state information systems, state electronic services, and electronic
government systems require special approaches. However, at present, the requirements for the
design notation of domestic state software are not defined and fixed. In the established practice,
in the development of state software projects with a certain specificity and increased social
significance, already existing technological solutions used in the private business are applied
to the state information systems for various state departments of the Russian Federation. For
the design of the state information systems and state e-services, it is suggested to use the unified
methodology proposed by the authors, which includes subjects and objects, actions and
processes, administrative restrictions, the IDEF0 standard, workflow class notation, the UML
standard. The use of the proposed unified design methodology significantly structures, unifies
and simplifies state software development. The advantages of using the proposed approach are
illustrated in the implemented project to create a domestic customs inspection system.
Keywords 1
Computer-aided design, electronic document management system, IDEF0, BPM, UML
1. Introduction
The Russian Federation took 36th place in the United Nations global ranking of electronic
government (e-government) development in 2020 [1]. It is four lines lower than in 2018 and one line
lower than in 2016. This ranking tracks progress in development of e-government systems and
corresponding electronic services (e-services) through the biennial E-Government Development Index.
The Russian Federation position evolution in the United Nations E-Government ranking is shown
in the Figure 1.
When developing state information systems and state e-services, it is clear that it is necessary to use
special approaches (see, for example, [2-6]). This paper continues studies on the automation of
electronic document management in various departments of state authorities, initiated in the works of
authors on the design and software development of e-government systems in the Russian Federation.
For example, the main difficulty arising in the development of domestic customs inspection systems
is the lack of domestic practice, which involves the construction of a continuous human-machine system
and the automation of the interaction process. Note that strict restrictions are imposed on foreign
technologies; in the best case, only the purchase of imported systems is possible together with further
support. Therefore, the task is to create a domestic software and hardware inspection system, including
the design methodology, development and implementation of the constructed inspection system. In fact,
this leads to the solution of the problem of import substitution in the Customs Service.
Proceedings of MIP Computing-V 2022: V International Scientific Workshop on Modeling, Information Processing and Computing,
January 25, 2022, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
EMAIL: a.a.makarov@spbu.ru (Anton Makarov); shandr52@gmail.com (Andrey Shabunin)
ORCID: 0000-0001-9539-6105 (Anton Makarov); 0000-0001-6604-9710 (Andrey Shabunin)
© 2022 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)
Figure 1: The Russian Federation position evolution in the United Nations E‐Government ranking
2. Software Design Methodologies Analysis
Based on the analysis of software design methodologies (for example, see [4]), the following can be
used as the basic methodology: UML, BPEL, ARIS, and others. However, there is no notation allowing
documents to generate a description of administrative regulations in the established format.
We offer using a unified approach, combining IDEF0 and BPM methodologies, with additional
notation elements. The use of existing symbols and rules (IDEF0 and BPMN) as a notation guarantees
stability, improves understanding of the project by all parties (customer, contractor, etc.) and reduces
the design time (because ready-made notations are used).
The toolkit available in the notations described above is not intended for a detailed description of
the specifications of state processes and is not able to qualitatively and fully reflect all business
processes of state e-services. Thus objects and subjects (see details in [2, 4]) were added to the proposed
notation. Such notations as S-BPM, RDF, and some others also contain elements such as objects and
subjects. They are successfully used in commercial projects, but they are not fully suitable for domestic
state software projects.
An object is an entity that is affected. A subject is some influencing (acting) entity (for example, it
can be both the applicant and the office). The description of new parameters contributes to the
generation of detailed specifications, with the help of which it is possible to transfer the developed state
software project to another state department, which meets the main principles of creating e-government
projects. The process is called the interaction of subjects, their influence on objects through their
actions.
Figure 2 shows the process of acceptance of documents for registration of a land plot with the
additional administrative regulations element of notation.
legislation
application
Acceptance of completed form
application documents for application
registration of a
land plot
Consideration decision on the
of the application
application
Figure 2: Diagram of acceptance of documents for registration of a land plot
3. Single Unified Design Methodology
An analysis of state information systems creation and e-services development show the feasibility
of creating a certain combined design methodology that combines various approaches. We propose to
use a single unified design methodology, which includes subjects and objects, actions and processes,
administrative restrictions, the IDEF0 standard. This standard greatly simplifies the manager's
understanding of the used business process model and contributes to the full implementation of the
development strategy of the relevant department.
In the author's methodology also included workflow class notation for lower levels (the sequence of
execution of operations for developers), the UML standard for a more detailed description of the system
(especially the logic of behavior of its individual components).
Using the proposed unified design methodology significantly structures, unifies and simplifies state
software development.
The following Table 1 gives a summary of comparison of different design methodologies.
Table 1
Comparison of approaches
Approach Subjects/ Processes/ Understanding Notation Control Purpose of
objects functions of the process flow in approach
business
processes
modeling
Build,
reengineer,
object process one complex
BPM BPMN yes integrate,
approach approach state machine
qualitatively
implement
Automate as
process‐
subject set of simple quickly as
S‐BPM functional S‐BPM no
approach state machines possible,
approach
begin to
execute and
manage of
business
processes
Create the
most
functional one complex
IDEF0 – IDEF0 yes accurate
approach state machine
functional
model
Create a
functional
object‐
model of
subject functional‐
Proposed set of simple IDEF0 work,
approach process yes
approach state machines BPMN automate,
(both are approach
integrate
used)
and
implement
4. Implications
The benefits of using the proposed approach can be illustrated on the implemented project on the
creation of the customs inspection system in the Volga Customs. In the notation used in the project, the
functional model for conducting customs clearance of goods and the automatic generation of related
documents are as follows, see Figure 3.
instructions regulations
cargo
vehicle
cargo documents decision document
about inspection
vehicle documents
comparison files inspection
Customs inspection report
referral for inspection using inspection
system printed images
input and scan
after analysis
operator profile
processing and analysis
inspection file
operator profile
federal employee
operator profile
and resources / facilities
Figure 3: Diagram of the customs inspection
A distinctive feature of the top-level diagram is the manager’s traceable point of view on the entire
business process and the final inspection result. The input parameters and the result of the customs
inspection system work are clearly visible. Of course, the basic algorithm of the customs inspection
system work requires a more detailed study. Therefore, it is described at the lower levels, but using the
same notation, for example, see Figure 4.
instructions instructions
processing
and analysis and processing
analysis operator profile changes
operator
profile Image
processing processed
correct image
original processing and
image analysis activity
log
inspection id
Image cargo decision
id and verified setting data analysis record
id and scanned cargo documents
id and scanned vehicle documents analyzed image
comparison files
inspection act
Printing of
inspection act
and image printed
analyzed
image
Figure 4: Diagram of the image processing and analysis
5. Conclusion
An analysis of state information systems creation and e-services development show the feasibility
of creating a certain combined design methodology that combines various approaches. In the paper, it
is proposed to use the single unified design methodology. The dissemination of the developed notation
(see, for example, recent works [7, 8]) accelerates the development of state e-services for e-government
systems in the Russian Federation. Using the proposed unified design methodology significantly
structures, unifies and simplifies state software development. The advantages of using the proposed
approach are illustrated in the implemented project to create a domestic customs inspection system.
6. Acknowledgements
The work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation
(grant number No. FSEE-2021-0015).
7. References
[1] Digital Government in the Decade of Action for Sustainable Development. United Nations E-
Government Survey, 2020. URL: https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-
E-Government-Survey-2020.
[2] A. A. Makarov, A. N. Shabunin, Features of the design of electronic services for public authorities,
in: N. V. Smirnov, T. E. Smirnova (Eds.), Proceedings of the 44th conf. on Control processes and
stability, St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg University Publ., 2013, pp. 438–443.
[3] A. N. Shabunin, Design and Instrumental Means of Electronic Services Generation for State
Authorities, SPIIRAS Proceedings 7(30) (2013) 301-313. doi: 10.15622/sp.30.19.
[4] A. Makarov, A. Shabunin, On Design of Secure E-Services for Public Authority in the Russian
Federation, in: Proceedings of the 20th Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT),
2017, pp. 260-267. doi: 10.23919/FRUCT.2017.8071321.
[5] A. A. Makarov, A. N. Shabunin, On hardware-software inspection systems, in: Proceedings of the
All-Russian Scientific Conference on Computer Sciences Problems “SPISOK-2019”, 2019, pp.
136-140.
[6] O. G. Filatova, A. V. Chugunov, Electronic Participation: Conceptualization and Implementation
Practice in Russia, Aletheia Publishing House, 2020.
[7] N. S. Mikhailov, A. S. Mikhailova, V. V. Kasatkin, Approach to construction of common
information space of manufacturing enterprise, in Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE International
Conference on Quality Management, Transport and Information Security, Information
Technologies, 2020, pp. 385-390. doi: 10.1109/ITQMIS51053.2020.9322972.
[8] N. A. Panayiotou, V. P. Stavrou, Government to business e-services – A systematic literature
review, Government Information Quarterly 38(2) (2021) 101576. doi: 10.1016/j.giq.2021.101576.