=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-3126/paper15
|storemode=property
|title=Shaping the future of the marine industry as a condition for adaptation in an innovative society
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3126/paper15.pdf
|volume=Vol-3126
|authors=Viktor Strelbitskyi,Nataliia Punchenko,Oleksandra Tsyra
}}
==Shaping the future of the marine industry as a condition for adaptation in an innovative society==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3126/paper15.pdf
Shaping the Future of the Marine Industry as a Condition for
Adaptation in an Innovative Society
Viktor Strelbitskyi 1, Nataliia Punchenko 2 and Oleksandra Tsyra 3
1
Odessa National Maritime University, Odesa, Ukraine
2,3
Odesa State Environmental University Odesa, Ukraine
Abstract
The paper provides an overview of the concept design of a Rolls-Royce unmanned ship.
Shipping is implementing unmanned navigation projects that combine the tasks which exist in
the civil and military fleet.
The work theoretically shows a description of the dynamic autonomy of a Rolls-Royce
unmanned vessel project. As a result of the review, unmanned vessels have the necessary data
processing units, sensors, control, and communication systems and can automatically perform
various assigned tasks without the need for crew support on board.
The work contains links to sources that clarify the presented material.
Keywords 1
Autonomous navigation, unmanned navigation, navigation safety, innovation
1. Introduction navigation, energy efficient ships, unmanned
navigation.
Comprehensive knowledge of the World
Ocean to use its resources is one of the global 2. The concept of increasing the
problems of an innovative society [1]. safety for navigation with the use
In an innovative society, an industry such as
navigation at its inception defined itself to be of heading innovations
innovative. This definition is fully justified. This
confirmation is the MariNet group, which was One of the most important tasks for a modern
created within the framework of the National fleet is the need for its urgent renewal, because the
Technology Initiative. The group was able to average age of ships participating in the
bring together large companies and small start- transportation of goods is about 32 years [2].
ups in the field of marine high technology, Despite the skepticism of many shipowners and
scientific centers, authorities, and universities. shipbuilders on the use of innovations, the largest
The main course has been taken, the MariNet market players came out to discuss them on the
"road map" has been approved - collection, world platform, which set a theoretical and
integration, transmission, and analysis of practical basis, such as the efficiency of the
information about the situation at sea, on board development for water transport on the world
ships and ashore using electronic means to ensure market in the field of ship safety systems [3].
navigation "from berth to berth", shipbuilding Rolls-Royce (UK), ABB (Finland), DCNS
innovations and development technologies of the (France) and representatives of some Norwegian,
world ocean. The world of shipping is currently American, and Japanese organizations can be
discussing, developing, and using such areas as e- singled out separately. Whose aim is to increase
ISIT 2021: II International Scientific and Practical Conference
«Intellectual Systems and Information Technologies», September
13–19, 2021, Odesa, Ukraine
EMAIL: vict141174@gmail.com (A. 1); iioonn24@rambler.ru
(A. 2); Aleksandra.tsyra@gmail.com (A. 3)
ORCID: 0000-0001-7027-9498 (A. 1); 0000-0003-1382-4490 (A.
2); 0000-0003-3552-2039 (A. 3)
©️ 2021 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative
Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)
navigation safety using innovation, which based 2.1. Review of the concept project
on the original principles of the phase-frequency
measurement and transformation theory of the of an unmanned ship from Rolls-
radio-signals [4]. Destinations of the latest Royce
technologies are presented in the figures: e-
navigation is a technological leap in management “Autonomous shipping is the future of the
of water transport, which allows a fully functional maritime industry. As revolutionary as a
use of IT-tools and telecommunications in fleet smartphone, a smart ship will revolutionize the
management. The process of moving from pier to design and operation of ships": Mikael Makinen,
pier in ports of departure and destination, and President of Rolls-Royce Marine.
related services that ensure safe navigation and The latest technologies have made it possible
environmental protection presented on to develop models of remote and autonomous
Figure 1 [5]; latest energy saving ships launched ships. But the search for an acceptable option for
is not easy innovative and comfortable, but less a reliable and economical combination is only just
harmful for the environment and economically taking its first steps. Interpretation of nautical
more efficiently, which serves to strengthen rules and regulations is not always well accepted
economy and improving the quality of life, by the programmer, which creates problems in
because we cannot save on people's health, crews model development. The development of decision
of ships are shown in the figure 2 [6], 3 [7]. support systems is an iterative process that will
always undergo extensive testing and modeling.
Figure 1: E-navigation Figure 4: Rolls-Royce unmanned platform ship
Figure 2: Energy efficient ships Figure 5: Unmanned commercial vessel option
The ships of the future will still need human
involvement from land, communications will
continue to be a significant component.
Communication should create redundancy and
minimize risk. For this, such characteristics are
used as: bidirectionality, accuracy, scalability,
“speed for measurement accuracy”, support by
several systems. Sufficient communication
channel capacity is guaranteed for monitoring
ship sensors and remote control. A permanent,
Figure 3: Supervisory teleoperation for guaranteed connection that allows real-time
unmanned navigation monitoring of equipment.
and the wishes of the customer. The automatics
will take over the driving functions as well as the
safety monitoring figure 6 [7]. It is assumed that
for safe navigation the unmanned ship will use the
Intelligent Awareness System developed by
Rolls-Royce. Which automatically collects data
from various surveillance devices and sensors,
A analyzes, takes measures to avoid collisions or
other incidents. Such complexes can be used both
on automatic warships and on unmanned
commercial ships. Let us analyze some of the
technical steps of this offshore platform
B 2.2 Dynamic autonomy
A solution is being developed to integrate a
complete autonomous ship navigation
architecture that can leverage the capabilities of
the Rolls-Royce dynamic positioning system,
which is designed for future autonomous ships,
C
and links it with an automatic navigation system,
including situational awareness, collision
avoidance, route planning and ship condition
detection modules. Since the main challenge for
autonomous systems is recognition of the
surrounding reality, Rolls-Royce uses Sheridan
D
levels of autonomy to describe the extent to which
Figure 6: Participation of operators: a- a car can autonomously operate when determining
autonomy levels. In Sheridan's classification,
monitoring; b - evade; c - replan; d - pan-pan
there are 10 levels of autonomy in the "operator-
computer" system, corresponding to various
The concept project of autonomous shipping
degrees of participation of a human operator in
has outlined a range of problems for the industry
decision-making when controlling a complex
that await solution:
unmanned system. An adapted version of
1.What technologies are needed and how best
Sheridan's classification for unmanned system
to combine them to enable the vessel to operate
control. In the Sheridan classification, there are 10
autonomously and for miles offshore;
levels of autonomy, the characteristic of the level
2. How an autonomous ship can be made as
of autonomy: 1.The control of an unmanned
safe as existing ships, what new risks it will face
vessel is completely carried out by the operator of
and how to mitigate the risks;
the ground control complex; 2.The onboard
3. What will be the incentive for shipowners
control complex of an unmanned ship offers the
and operators to invest in autonomous ships and
operator of the ground control complex a set of
are autonomous ships legal and who is responsible
action alternatives for deciding; 3. An onboard
in the event of an accident?
control complex for an unmanned vessel narrows
One of the players in this market is Rolls-
the choice of the operator of the ground control
Royce (Great Britain), which proposed a concept
complex to several alternatives; 4. The onboard
project for creating a family of unmanned vessels
control complex of an unmanned vessel offers the
for various purposes (figure 4-5).
operator the means of the ground control complex
Depending on the needs of the customer, such
the only solution; 5. The onboard control complex
ships could carry a variety of cargo or receive
for an unmanned vessel implements the only
special equipment or weapons for solving combat
solution, having received confirmation of
missions. Dimensions, displacement, weight and
operations from the operator of the ground control
composition of the payload and other parameters
complex; 6. An onboard control complex for an
of a particular sample could be determined in
unmanned vessel provides the operator with the
accordance with the requirements of the market
means of a ground control complex for a limited The route planning module is a software
time to decide before automatically performing module that is responsible for planning a route
operations; 7. The on-board control complex of an from start to finish through predetermined
unmanned vessel operates automatically, while it waypoints, avoiding static obstacles defined in
necessarily informs the operator of the ground electronic navigation charts and following sea
control complex about the performance of routes when appropriate. This module is closely
operations; 8. The on-board control complex for related to the voyage planning that the ship's crew
an unmanned vessel operates automatically and, is currently involved in. However, the route
at the request of the operator of the ground control planning module uses the planned voyage as
complex, informs him about the performance of information when planning the ship's actual route.
operations; 9. The on-board control complex for A route consists of waypoints, course, and ship
an unmanned ship acts automatically and informs speed. The route planning module does not plan
the operator of the ground control complex, if it routes in real time, as the collision avoidance
considers it necessary, after the operations are module is responsible for maneuvers to avoid
completed; 10. The onboard control complex for obstacles.
an unmanned vessel independently decides on The collision avoidance module is responsible
how to operate an unmanned vessel [8]. for safe, collision-free navigation. It uses
A solution to integrate a complete autonomous information from the route planning module to
ship navigation architecture that takes advantage of follow the path leading to its destination but may
the Rolls-Royce dynamic positioning system veer off course when it detects a collision risk.
developed for autonomous ships and links to an The Situational Awareness Module provides a
automatic navigation system, including situational local map and obstacle information that shows the
awareness, collision avoidance, route planning and current obstacles near the ship. The dynamic
ship condition detection modules [7]. positioning module provides the collision
The highest level in the system is the module avoidance module with an area in which the ship
for determining the state of the vessel, which is can maneuver, and thus creates boundaries for
called the "virtual captain". This module brings new waypoints that can be assigned. The collision
together information from various subsystems and avoidance module has two main functions: the
other ships, automation systems and the operator first is to assess the risk of collision, and the
to determine the current state of the ship's second is to safely navigate the vessel both in
systems. The state of the ship determines the harbor and on the high seas. When a risk of
permitted mode of operation at ship, such as collision is detected, a suitable state is requested
autonomous, remotely controlled, or fail-safe. from the ship state determination module, in
The status information from the virtual captain is which the final determination of the state of the
also used to keep the operator always informed of ship is based on all data from different
the vessel’s status. subsystems.
Dynamic Positioning Systems allow a ship to The situational awareness module of the
automatically maintain its position or course autonomous navigation system is connected to
using propellers, rudders, and thrusters. When several sensor devices of different types. The
combined with a global or local coordinate system Situational Awareness Module combines sensor
such as the Global Navigation Satellite System, as data and extracts relevant information about the
well as wind sensors and inertial measuring ship's surroundings for use by the collision
instruments, the ship can maintain its position in avoidance system. The Situational Awareness
adverse weather conditions. Advanced dynamic Module can also perform sensor data truncation
positioning systems such as the Rolls Royce for more efficient data transmission on board.
Icon DP can also maneuver the ship at low speed. Technology development issues related to
This allows autonomous behavior to be integrated situational awareness system and ship sensors.
into ship handling. Since the dynamic positioning
system already has information about the ship's 3. Conclusions
maneuvering capabilities, it can calculate where
the ship might move in the future.
These dynamic ship movement restrictions are The transition to the era of autonomous
passed on to the collision avoidance module to shipping is a more complex issue than a simple
enable more efficient local path planning. technological invention. The implementation of
an autonomous ship requires the systemic
integration of many technologies, which means 5. References
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http://ceur-ws.org ISSN 1613-0073
3. Development and testing of specific
Published on CEUR-WS: 24-Sep-2020
technological solutions for autonomous
ONLINE: http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-
operations using simulators, as well as testing at
2683/URN: urn:nbn:de:0074-2683-1
sea in various environmental conditions - the best
ARCHIVE: http://sunsite.informatik.rwth-
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