Shaping the Future of the Marine Industry as a Condition for Adaptation in an Innovative Society Viktor Strelbitskyi 1, Nataliia Punchenko 2 and Oleksandra Tsyra 3 1 Odessa National Maritime University, Odesa, Ukraine 2,3 Odesa State Environmental University Odesa, Ukraine Abstract The paper provides an overview of the concept design of a Rolls-Royce unmanned ship. Shipping is implementing unmanned navigation projects that combine the tasks which exist in the civil and military fleet. The work theoretically shows a description of the dynamic autonomy of a Rolls-Royce unmanned vessel project. As a result of the review, unmanned vessels have the necessary data processing units, sensors, control, and communication systems and can automatically perform various assigned tasks without the need for crew support on board. The work contains links to sources that clarify the presented material. Keywords 1 Autonomous navigation, unmanned navigation, navigation safety, innovation 1. Introduction navigation, energy efficient ships, unmanned navigation. Comprehensive knowledge of the World Ocean to use its resources is one of the global 2. The concept of increasing the problems of an innovative society [1]. safety for navigation with the use In an innovative society, an industry such as navigation at its inception defined itself to be of heading innovations innovative. This definition is fully justified. This confirmation is the MariNet group, which was One of the most important tasks for a modern created within the framework of the National fleet is the need for its urgent renewal, because the Technology Initiative. The group was able to average age of ships participating in the bring together large companies and small start- transportation of goods is about 32 years [2]. ups in the field of marine high technology, Despite the skepticism of many shipowners and scientific centers, authorities, and universities. shipbuilders on the use of innovations, the largest The main course has been taken, the MariNet market players came out to discuss them on the "road map" has been approved - collection, world platform, which set a theoretical and integration, transmission, and analysis of practical basis, such as the efficiency of the information about the situation at sea, on board development for water transport on the world ships and ashore using electronic means to ensure market in the field of ship safety systems [3]. navigation "from berth to berth", shipbuilding Rolls-Royce (UK), ABB (Finland), DCNS innovations and development technologies of the (France) and representatives of some Norwegian, world ocean. The world of shipping is currently American, and Japanese organizations can be discussing, developing, and using such areas as e- singled out separately. Whose aim is to increase ISIT 2021: II International Scientific and Practical Conference «Intellectual Systems and Information Technologies», September 13–19, 2021, Odesa, Ukraine EMAIL: vict141174@gmail.com (A. 1); iioonn24@rambler.ru (A. 2); Aleksandra.tsyra@gmail.com (A. 3) ORCID: 0000-0001-7027-9498 (A. 1); 0000-0003-1382-4490 (A. 2); 0000-0003-3552-2039 (A. 3) ©️ 2021 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org) navigation safety using innovation, which based 2.1. Review of the concept project on the original principles of the phase-frequency measurement and transformation theory of the of an unmanned ship from Rolls- radio-signals [4]. Destinations of the latest Royce technologies are presented in the figures: e- navigation is a technological leap in management “Autonomous shipping is the future of the of water transport, which allows a fully functional maritime industry. As revolutionary as a use of IT-tools and telecommunications in fleet smartphone, a smart ship will revolutionize the management. The process of moving from pier to design and operation of ships": Mikael Makinen, pier in ports of departure and destination, and President of Rolls-Royce Marine. related services that ensure safe navigation and The latest technologies have made it possible environmental protection presented on to develop models of remote and autonomous Figure 1 [5]; latest energy saving ships launched ships. But the search for an acceptable option for is not easy innovative and comfortable, but less a reliable and economical combination is only just harmful for the environment and economically taking its first steps. Interpretation of nautical more efficiently, which serves to strengthen rules and regulations is not always well accepted economy and improving the quality of life, by the programmer, which creates problems in because we cannot save on people's health, crews model development. The development of decision of ships are shown in the figure 2 [6], 3 [7]. support systems is an iterative process that will always undergo extensive testing and modeling. Figure 1: E-navigation Figure 4: Rolls-Royce unmanned platform ship Figure 2: Energy efficient ships Figure 5: Unmanned commercial vessel option The ships of the future will still need human involvement from land, communications will continue to be a significant component. Communication should create redundancy and minimize risk. For this, such characteristics are used as: bidirectionality, accuracy, scalability, “speed for measurement accuracy”, support by several systems. Sufficient communication channel capacity is guaranteed for monitoring ship sensors and remote control. A permanent, Figure 3: Supervisory teleoperation for guaranteed connection that allows real-time unmanned navigation monitoring of equipment. and the wishes of the customer. The automatics will take over the driving functions as well as the safety monitoring figure 6 [7]. It is assumed that for safe navigation the unmanned ship will use the Intelligent Awareness System developed by Rolls-Royce. Which automatically collects data from various surveillance devices and sensors, A analyzes, takes measures to avoid collisions or other incidents. Such complexes can be used both on automatic warships and on unmanned commercial ships. Let us analyze some of the technical steps of this offshore platform B 2.2 Dynamic autonomy A solution is being developed to integrate a complete autonomous ship navigation architecture that can leverage the capabilities of the Rolls-Royce dynamic positioning system, which is designed for future autonomous ships, C and links it with an automatic navigation system, including situational awareness, collision avoidance, route planning and ship condition detection modules. Since the main challenge for autonomous systems is recognition of the surrounding reality, Rolls-Royce uses Sheridan D levels of autonomy to describe the extent to which Figure 6: Participation of operators: a- a car can autonomously operate when determining autonomy levels. In Sheridan's classification, monitoring; b - evade; c - replan; d - pan-pan there are 10 levels of autonomy in the "operator- computer" system, corresponding to various The concept project of autonomous shipping degrees of participation of a human operator in has outlined a range of problems for the industry decision-making when controlling a complex that await solution: unmanned system. An adapted version of 1.What technologies are needed and how best Sheridan's classification for unmanned system to combine them to enable the vessel to operate control. In the Sheridan classification, there are 10 autonomously and for miles offshore; levels of autonomy, the characteristic of the level 2. How an autonomous ship can be made as of autonomy: 1.The control of an unmanned safe as existing ships, what new risks it will face vessel is completely carried out by the operator of and how to mitigate the risks; the ground control complex; 2.The onboard 3. What will be the incentive for shipowners control complex of an unmanned ship offers the and operators to invest in autonomous ships and operator of the ground control complex a set of are autonomous ships legal and who is responsible action alternatives for deciding; 3. An onboard in the event of an accident? control complex for an unmanned vessel narrows One of the players in this market is Rolls- the choice of the operator of the ground control Royce (Great Britain), which proposed a concept complex to several alternatives; 4. The onboard project for creating a family of unmanned vessels control complex of an unmanned vessel offers the for various purposes (figure 4-5). operator the means of the ground control complex Depending on the needs of the customer, such the only solution; 5. The onboard control complex ships could carry a variety of cargo or receive for an unmanned vessel implements the only special equipment or weapons for solving combat solution, having received confirmation of missions. Dimensions, displacement, weight and operations from the operator of the ground control composition of the payload and other parameters complex; 6. An onboard control complex for an of a particular sample could be determined in unmanned vessel provides the operator with the accordance with the requirements of the market means of a ground control complex for a limited The route planning module is a software time to decide before automatically performing module that is responsible for planning a route operations; 7. The on-board control complex of an from start to finish through predetermined unmanned vessel operates automatically, while it waypoints, avoiding static obstacles defined in necessarily informs the operator of the ground electronic navigation charts and following sea control complex about the performance of routes when appropriate. This module is closely operations; 8. The on-board control complex for related to the voyage planning that the ship's crew an unmanned vessel operates automatically and, is currently involved in. However, the route at the request of the operator of the ground control planning module uses the planned voyage as complex, informs him about the performance of information when planning the ship's actual route. operations; 9. The on-board control complex for A route consists of waypoints, course, and ship an unmanned ship acts automatically and informs speed. The route planning module does not plan the operator of the ground control complex, if it routes in real time, as the collision avoidance considers it necessary, after the operations are module is responsible for maneuvers to avoid completed; 10. The onboard control complex for obstacles. an unmanned vessel independently decides on The collision avoidance module is responsible how to operate an unmanned vessel [8]. for safe, collision-free navigation. It uses A solution to integrate a complete autonomous information from the route planning module to ship navigation architecture that takes advantage of follow the path leading to its destination but may the Rolls-Royce dynamic positioning system veer off course when it detects a collision risk. developed for autonomous ships and links to an The Situational Awareness Module provides a automatic navigation system, including situational local map and obstacle information that shows the awareness, collision avoidance, route planning and current obstacles near the ship. The dynamic ship condition detection modules [7]. positioning module provides the collision The highest level in the system is the module avoidance module with an area in which the ship for determining the state of the vessel, which is can maneuver, and thus creates boundaries for called the "virtual captain". This module brings new waypoints that can be assigned. The collision together information from various subsystems and avoidance module has two main functions: the other ships, automation systems and the operator first is to assess the risk of collision, and the to determine the current state of the ship's second is to safely navigate the vessel both in systems. The state of the ship determines the harbor and on the high seas. When a risk of permitted mode of operation at ship, such as collision is detected, a suitable state is requested autonomous, remotely controlled, or fail-safe. from the ship state determination module, in The status information from the virtual captain is which the final determination of the state of the also used to keep the operator always informed of ship is based on all data from different the vessel’s status. subsystems. Dynamic Positioning Systems allow a ship to The situational awareness module of the automatically maintain its position or course autonomous navigation system is connected to using propellers, rudders, and thrusters. When several sensor devices of different types. The combined with a global or local coordinate system Situational Awareness Module combines sensor such as the Global Navigation Satellite System, as data and extracts relevant information about the well as wind sensors and inertial measuring ship's surroundings for use by the collision instruments, the ship can maintain its position in avoidance system. The Situational Awareness adverse weather conditions. Advanced dynamic Module can also perform sensor data truncation positioning systems such as the Rolls Royce for more efficient data transmission on board. Icon DP can also maneuver the ship at low speed. Technology development issues related to This allows autonomous behavior to be integrated situational awareness system and ship sensors. into ship handling. Since the dynamic positioning system already has information about the ship's 3. Conclusions maneuvering capabilities, it can calculate where the ship might move in the future. These dynamic ship movement restrictions are The transition to the era of autonomous passed on to the collision avoidance module to shipping is a more complex issue than a simple enable more efficient local path planning. technological invention. The implementation of an autonomous ship requires the systemic integration of many technologies, which means 5. References that collaboration is required between different actors who can master different technological [1] N. Punchenko, G. Kovalova O.Tsyra, areas such as: M. Levkovska, V. Solodka. " High-precision 1. 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Development and testing of specific Published on CEUR-WS: 24-Sep-2020 technological solutions for autonomous ONLINE: http://ceur-ws.org/Vol- operations using simulators, as well as testing at 2683/URN: urn:nbn:de:0074-2683-1 sea in various environmental conditions - the best ARCHIVE: http://sunsite.informatik.rwth- way to combine different sensor technologies in aachen.de/ftp/pub/publications/CEUR- different working and climatic conditions is a WS/Vol-2683.zip, pp. 58-60. subject of discussion; [2] Vybornov, Ruslan A., Problems of winter 4. Research to understand the changed and navigation of river transport in the Russian new risks posed by innovation, based on the Federation / Young scientist (2016), № 13.1 experience of the maritime industry in systematic (117.1) pp. 27-29. URL: and comprehensive risk assessment, to develop https://moluch.ru/archive/117/28934/ (date new approaches. of access: 07/04/2021). The viability of this business requires [3] N. Punchenko. 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