Automation of Technical Diagnostics of Digital Signal Synchronization Devices Valerii Koval 1, Vitaliy Lysenko 2, Ihor Bolbot 3, Oleksandr Samkov 4, Oleksandr Osinskiy 5, Dmytro Kalian 6, Vyacheslav Vakas 7, Inna Yakymenko 8, Maksym Yevtushenko 91 1,2,3,6,8,9 National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Heroyiv Oborony st., 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine 4,5 Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Peremohy Av., 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine 7 PJS “Kyivstar GSM”, Degtyarivska str, 53, Kyiv, 03113, Ukraine Abstract Modern digital technologies require high-quality frequency-time support. In practice, the use of digital signal synchronization devices (DSSD), the purpose of which is the formation of clock signals, has become widespread. Various methods of technical diagnostics are used to ensure the specified quality of clock signals, increase the reliability and resource of the DSSD. The paper is devoted to solving an urgent problem, which is to develop software and hardware to automate the process of technical diagnostics of DSSD. It also investigates the automated system of technical diagnostics which is constructed on technology of multichannel monitoring with use of the sensor of the adaptive digital phase discriminator protected by the patent for an invention. The authors carried out the practical development and experimental researches of the diagnostic system using the multichannel sensor and the P4000winXP software. The research results confirm the possibility of transmitting the results of measurements of clock signals using IP technologies and conducting automated processing of the obtained data in real time, which increases the reliability of the operator’s decision and simplifies the diagnostic process. Keywords: automation, technical diagnostics, digital signal synchronization devices, automated system, sensor, adaptive digital phase discriminator, data processing, IP technologies. 1. Introduction processing technologies. In practice, the use of digital signal synchronization devices (DSSD), which are designed to generate and produce State-of-the-art digital information and synchronized signals that must meet the specified communication systems, digital substations of technical requirements, has become widespread to SMART Grid electrical networks, other technical solve the problem of time-and-frequency support facilities using high technology, including the [1-6]. country’s critical infrastructure, require high- Various methods of technical diagnostics are quality time-and-frequency support. An important used in order to ensure the desired quality of clock role in such a support is played by the processes signals, reliability improvement and service life of of formation and transmission of clock signals, the DSSD. Technical diagnostics, through the which are based on modern digital information ISIT 2021: II International Scientific and Practical Conference «Intellectual Systems and Information Technologies», September 13– 19, 2021, Odesa, Ukraine EMAIL: v.koval@nubip.edu.ua (A. 1); lysenko@nubip.edu.ua (A. 2); igor-bolbot@ukr.net (A. 3); samkov@ied.org.ua (A. 4); osinskiy@usnan.org.ua (A. 5); dmytro.kalian@gmail.com (A. 6); v.vakas@ieee.org (A. 7); icheshun@gmail.com (A. 8); maks202evtyshenko@gmail.com (A. 9); ORCID: 0000-0003-0911-2538 (A. 1); 0000-0002-5659-6806 (A. 2); 0000-0002-5708-6007 (A. 3); 0000-0003-2790-8564 (A. 4); 0000- 0002-9921-699X (A. 5); 0000-0003-2016-2253 (A. 6); 0000-0002- 0378-9989 (A. 7); 0000-0002-2316-2382 (A. 8) ©️ 2021 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org) timely identification of inconsistencies and their is processed.” As for the Automated Control causes, improve maintenance, reliability and System, the State Standards of DSTU 2226-93 efficiency of operation of DSSDs [1-8]. The result defines it as “an automated system intended for of the diagnosis should be an assessment of the automating the processes of collecting and state of the DSSD at the time of diagnostics, in forwarding information about the control object, terms of its compliance or non-compliance with its reprocessing and issuing control actions on the the established requirements. The real indicators control object”. and characteristics of DSSD can be obtained with The automated control system of these the help of diagnostic tools (equipment), which technological processes in its structure provides together form a diagnostic system. Given the need for the use of an automated subsystem of control to use high-precision specialized measuring and testing, which according to DSTU 2226-93 is equipment, which should provide continuous designed to “automate the testing of industrial long-term (hour, day and even week) products and control its performance for measurements with the formation of large arrays compliance with regulations.” of real-time measurement data, the task of The generalized structural scheme of the automating the process of technical diagnostics automated control system of TPP TO of DSSD becomes one of the most important and urgent with the use of diagnostic results is shown in Fig. ones. 1. The control process receives feedback through The current approaches to solving the digital technologies. In this case, from the problems of quality control and diagnostics of standpoint of information functioning, the control DSSD at the stages of production, introduction process can be represented as a process of forming into service and maintenance do not meet modern data that is moved and processed. Therefore, the requirements for functionality. The existing functional composition of the information part of technical facilities in Ukraine do not have a the control system of TPP TO of DSSD can be uniform system for transmitting accurate time represented by the following subsystems: signals from reference standards and measuring (data collection device), information consequently cannot meet the requirements of all processing (calculation, storage, decision making users of frequency-time information [9]; recent and formation of control actions) and publications pay attention to the topical study of transmission. new solutions for the transfer of time scales using IP technologies [1-5, 9-12], the measurement of time characteristics of clock signals and the diagnosis of DSSD. 2. Principles of building an automated system for the diagnostics of synchronization devices According to the results of the analysis of technological processes of production and Figure 1: Generalized structure diagram of the technical operation (TPP TO) of DSSD, it is automated process control system TPP TO of established that the formation of clock signals with the specified accuracy and reliability is DSSD impossible without the use of automated control of signal quality and diagnostics of the state of The analysis of the process of diagnosing devices and synchronization system as a whole [1- DSSD under the conditions of their production 12]. In the regulatory document on technical and technical operation based on the system information protection [13], the automated system approach determines the expediency of using is defined as the “organizational and technical multichannel monitoring technology, which system implementing the information technology provides multiple productivity of the diagnostic and uniting the computer system, the physical process and increases the reliability of data environment, personnel and the information that analysis results used to make decisions on TPP TO technological process parameters [2, 3, 8, 10]. that “is a measure of the τ time interval, which The multiple constitutive elements of an begins at time t, for the studied signal (provided automated diagnostic system are sensors, which that there is an ideal reference signal)” [15], and are measuring transducers that convert physical the time function Т(t) is determined by the quantities into digital electrical signals [14]. This complete phase Р(t) for the nominal value of the is due to the fact that the technology of multi- frequency н of the DSSD signal out of the channel monitoring is based on the use of sensors equation: (hardware), geographically distributed by objects, Рt  . (3) that perform continuous long-term measurements Т(t )  2н (days, weeks) of several clock signals. The data received from the sensors are processed and The next levels of the hierarchy of the process transmitted via the IP network to the information of diagnosing DSSD should provide calculations processing facilities where additional processing, of TIErms and MTIE, characteristics of including statistical processing, is carried out. instantaneous frequency, frequency fluctuations, Decision-making tools are specific DSSD operating modes. components of an automated diagnostic system. For example, the MTIE estimate can be made Being a control unit, they are composed of a for the τ0 sampling period based on the results of number of specialists and a body of knowledge, N measurements of evenly spaced discrete xi competence and methods they possess. samples, using the formula [14, 15]: It is important that, in fact, it is on the basis of MTIE(n 0 )  max ( max xi   1 k  N  n k i  k  n (4) these sensors that a decision is made on the  min xi ), formation of the necessary control actions. k i  k  n Measuring multichannel tools, sensors where n  1,2,..., ( N  1) . inclusive, have reference oscillators. Reference It is possible to obtain the values of discrete oscillators (RO) are based on the principle of samples of time interval error ТІЕ measured in the automatic frequency control of a quartz oscillator time domain by using an adaptive digital phase with deviation control and adaptive digital phase discriminator (ADPD), which is protected by a discriminator (ADPD) [15]. GO directly or due to patent of Ukraine for an invention [16]. The the process of automatic frequency control from ADPD generates a code combination about the external sources, forms the reference (sample) magnitude of the time interval error of two time readings, which serve as references for mutually independent clock signals and provides measuring the time intervals of the controlled the presentation of measurement results in a DSSD clock signals. digital format. Fig. 2 shows an ADPD circuit It is scientifically substantiated that containing an input to which a controlled clock calculations and estimations of DSSD signal is applied (Input 1) and an input to which a characteristics need to be carried out on the basis reference signal is applied (Input 2) [17]. К-inputs of directly measured in time domain discrete of the pre-installation of the impulse counter samples of an error of time which form the basic, (numbered as 1…k), are К digital inputs of the first level [14]. ADPD pre-installation. The digital outputs of the In case of time error measurement at τ interval, sensor, which form a code combination that starting from the t moment, time interval error corresponds to the error of the time interval function ТІЕt(τ) is used, which has the following between signals, are the n-outputs of ADPD mathematical definition: (numbered as 1… n). ТІЕ t ( )  ТI t ( )  ТIОП ( )   Т(t   )  Т(t ) - Т ОП (t   )  Т ОП (t )  (1)  Т(t   )  Т ОП (t   ) - - Т(t )  Т ОП (t ), where ТОП(t) – time function of the reference (sample) signal; ТІt(τ) – time interval function, which is determined from the expression: ТІt ( )  Т(t   )  Т(t ) , (2) Figure 2: Structure diagram of adaptive digital phase discriminator The multi-channel measuring tools of the automated diagnostics system have a certain number of sensors which make it possible to measure simultaneously the control of several clock signals. In the process of measurements, the control of the periodicity, amplitude and shape of the clock signals is performed. The results of these processes, presented in digital format, are processed by a microcontroller and transmitted in text format using IP technology. The principles of construction of multichannel measuring tools make it possible to classify their Figure 3: Visualization of the measurements implementation as intelligent sensors that work on results of TIE controlled clock signals rather complex algorithms and allow to provide the device with additional functionalities, such as This example demonstrates the ability of the signal filtering, adaptation, correction, failure developed software and hardware to provide detection, reconfiguration of the measuring transmission using IP technology direct and circuit, etc. independent measurement results of TIE controlled DSSD clock signals. Automated real- time data processing with centralized 2.1. The results of implementing accumulation provides the presentation of measurement results in an operator-friendly the automated diagnostics system format, which simplifies the diagnostic process and increases the reliability of decision-making. The practical implementation of an automated diagnostic system with a multi-channel meter and 3. Conclusions the developed P4000winXP software provides the possibility of simultaneous visualization of the measurement results of four clock signals. In Based on the results of scientific and addition to dynamic graphs, the monitor screen innovative project developments and displays service information (GO mode, experimental research performed within the state availability and format of controlled clock signals, budget, it can be stated that the created software etc.), which expands the possibilities for and hardware for automated diagnostics of digital analyzing the data used by the operator in the signal synchronization devices is the state-of-the- decision-making process. art system developed in Ukraine. The automated Figure 3 shows an example of the visualization system can be used effectively to monitor the of measurement results obtained in real time from timing of clock signals in various sectors of the four sensors. Text data generated by two sensors country’s economy, as well as to enhance the selected by the operator is displayed as dynamic information sovereignty, defense and security of graphs in real time. The figure shows fragments the state. of the parameters of TIE controlled clock signals (Channel C0 and Channel C1) of two DSSD, 4. References which are in different modes in the observation time interval from 443 s to 1153 s [14]. In case [1] Koval, V.V. (2017). Conducted when four clock signals are simultaneously synchronization devices with periodic auto- connected to the diagnostic system, generated by tuning of telecommunication networks: the DSSD, the productivity of measurements monograph. 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