The development of the telecommunications structure for digital data transmission is taking place concurrently with the development of telecommunications services. New services generate demand for transmission with higher quality parameters. Achieving them makes it possible to create new services with a demand for transmission with even higher parameters. The 2020-2030 decade is dominated by 5G networks and SDN. A decade after 2030, it is predicted that these will be 6G networks and IBN. The 6G standard describes the equipment used to build the network in line with geographic conditions, optimized for performance. The IBN network will flexibly adapt to the needs of end users. In areas where a 5G network is being built, after 2030 it is enough to adapt it to the 6G standard, and in other areas, 6G networks should be built immediately. Obviously, this approach will not solve the interdependence of infrastructure and service development in telecommunications, but will provide clear guidance over a period of time to investors, end-users and market regulators.
Optimizing investments in telecommunications infrastructure on the basis of knowledge and data obtained before the start of the investment is not sufficient to gain a competitive advantage. The income for the investor is generated by satisfied end-users and their satisfaction varies over time. Dissatisfied end-users shift their services to a competing operator. Today's telecommunications systems cover land, air, oceans and space, and end-users are moving faster and longer. There is no stabilization on the services market either. Improving the capacity and quality of digital data transmission generates new services, and their owners, in turn, report their needs for transmission with even higher quality parameters. In military systems, the development of the enemy base forces the development of your own base. The most costly in all these processes turns out to be a human, designer, technician, and administrator. On the one hand, a person deserves remuneration for the work he has done, on the other hand, he falls ill, goes on strike, and may even sabotage. Also in terms of security, man is the weakest element. In terms of investment profitability, the world is divided into 3 zones: white, gray and black. The black zone brings income both in the area of investment and operation. The gray area brings income only in the area of exploitation and loss in the area of investments. The white zone generates losses both in the area of investment and operation. The world is divided into zones by people working, teaching and living in these zones. If there is a low population density and people do not need access to digital data transmission, there is a white zone in this area. If there is a high population density and end-users need high-quality digital data transmission, there is a black zone in this area. The division into zones can be stationary, e.g. cities, forests, lakes or dynamically changing e.g. stadiums, districts: day-adults at work, children at school, nighteveryone at home. All these parameters are also influenced by changes in the ecosystem, e.g. wars, pandemics, earthquakes, fires, floods.
The development of network architectures and
methods of their design described by the author in
publications [
Resignation from Computer Aided Design
systems in favour of Artificial Intelligence Aided
Design systems and from manual network
management in favour of Intent Based
Networking is proposed because we are heading
toward a society of fully automated remote
management systems. Autonomous systems are
becoming popular in all areas of society, including
industry, health, roads, oceans, and space. In this
regard, millions of sensors are integrated into
cities, vehicles, homes, industries, food, toys, and
other environments to provide a smart life and
automated systems. Hence, a high-data-rate with
reliable connectivity will be required to support
these applications. It is proposed to implement the
6G paradigm, because 5G networks will not have
the capacity to deliver a completely automated
and intelligent network that provides everything
as a service and completely immersive
experiences. Although the 5G communication
systems will offer significant improvements over
the existing systems, they will not be able to fulfil
the demands of future emerging intelligent and
automation systems after ten years (2020-2030).
[
constraints of 5G for supporting new challenges,
B5G wireless systems will need to be developed
with new attractive features. The 6G
communication networks will fulfill the laggings
of 5G system by introducing new synthesis of
future services such as ambient sensing
intelligence and new human-human and
humanmachine interaction, a pervasive introduction of
AI and the incorporation of new technologies such
as terahertz (THz), 3-dimensional (3D)
networking, quantum communications,
holographic beam forming, backscatter
communication, intelligent reflecting surface
(IRS), and proactive caching [
Intent-based networking is a software-enabled
automation process that uses high levels of
intelligence, analytics, and orchestration to
improve network operations and uptime. When
operators describe the business outcomes they
wish to accomplish, the network converts those
objectives into the configuration necessary to
achieve them, without individual tasks having to
be coded and executed manually. Traditionally,
networking has been driven by manual,
command-line interface (CLI)-based operations,
basic element management systems (EMSs), or
automation scripts. Most network outages result
from human errors that occur during these
network operations. Intent-based networking
slashes errors and risk while improving
operational efficiencies in a number of ways.
Validates intent objects before applying them to
the network. Intent objects are high-level
representations of the desired properties or
outcomes to be achieved with the network.
Validation is syntactic and includes semantic
checks against network wide policy.[
Each stage along the way is characterized by increasingly automated and simpler ways of deploying and managing network operations.
Manual – Operations staff imperatively manage data centre network devices using CLI, SNMP, and basic and discrete tools.
Semi automated – Scripts and rules-based management combine with traditional tools for basic automation, visibility into network data, and alerts that enable reaction to network events.
Software-defined data centre – A software abstraction of the network infrastructure enables faster, secure deployment of services and applications.
Automation-centric data centre – Builds upon the software-defined data centre by automating provisioning, configuration, deployment, and orchestration.
Intent-based data centre – Continually collects
and converts all pertinent data needed to take the
automated actions that keep the network aligned
with dynamic business intent, data centre
conditions, and policies.[
Intent-based networking (IBN) has become a
hot buzzword in the networking industry, with
marketing departments at all sorts of vendors
waving the “intent flag.” Some have legitimate
products, some have cobbled together bits and
pieces out of their product portfolios and called it
an IBN solution, and some supposed IBN
products perform only a part of what a real IBN
system (IBNS) does. [
Intent-based networking is not only about
intent fulfilment; it’s also about intent assurance.
With intent-based analytics, networks remain in
compliance with the original business intent
throughout the service lifecycle. Intent-based
analytics provide insights into network services,
enabling teams to think about their network as a
complete service.[
Using analytics, intent-based networking enables faster root-cause identification when things go awry. It informs operators of conditions and insights that need attention as with traditional unified management approaches but filters out the irrelevant “noise” so it’s easier to see what’s most important quickly, as shown in fig. 3.
Correct implementation of IBN to help manage a network that is made in 6G technology requires understanding what IBN is not. IBN is, unquestionably, a popular industry buzzword. Your challenge is to see beyond the fluff and evaluate IBN solutions based not only on what they are, but also by what it is not. Interestingly, all the functions discussed in this section can be and probably are a part of an IBN solution. What you have to be wary of is a solution that performs one or a few of these functions and claims that that, alone, is IBN.
Automation, from home-grown scripts to platforms like Ansible and Puppet, are essential to the fast, reliable operation of a network. It’s also an essential element of IBN. But automation software says nothing about expressed intent and doesn’t by itself maintain a data store of network information to act on. You can automate bad decisions just as well as good ones.
IBN is not configuration management.
A Level 0 IBNS may look like just a fancy configuration management platform that translates intent into practical configurations. Such a system falls far short of significantly improving your operational effectiveness.
IBN is not SDN.
You may be thinking that IBN is just a form of software-defined networking (SDN). But SDN, in its usually understood role, performs only a part of what an IBNS does. SDN maintains an abstracted model of the physical network. It takes generic configuration commands as input and pushes device-specific configuration as its output. But that’s all. SDN contains no translational element to convert intent into generic configuration and it has no capability for continued compliance verification and adjustment. Like automation and configuration management, SDN is an element of IBN, but is not itself IBN.
IBN is not orchestration.
Orchestration helps all of your IT systems — compute, storage, and network — act in sync to accomplish your higher IT objectives. IBN, as again the name implies, is concerned just with your network. That said, a good IBNS should integrate with your orchestration system so that orchestration can become a source of declared intent.
IBN is not a policy engine.
Policy engines can both “push” policies to
network nodes and “pull” information from the
nodes to continually verify correct policy
enforcement. But the translation of intent into an
actionable “how” is missing. Policies just govern
aspects of the network, such as forwarding,
security, and prioritization. A policy engine can
use control loops to enforce these policies, but it
has no concept of desired outcomes. You have to
work those out yourself and specify in detail the
rules to implement and enforce the policies.[
In order to maximize the income from
investments in telecommunications infrastructure,
it is necessary to take a holistic view of the process
by which this income is generated. We invest in
digital data transmission because the modern
world does not need autonomous systems. He
focused on remote control and remote
transmission of digital information. In the field of
military systems, each 6th generation fighter will
have a certain number of drones to cooperate with.
In civil systems, there will be autonomous cars,
distance work, distance learning, the Internet of
Things and augmented reality. In order to ensure
a collision-free exchange of data, in such an
organized society, a physical layer of the network
is needed that is adapted to the geography of the
area it is to cover. This role is best fulfilled by a
network made in 6G technology. Higher layers are
to be agile, reconfigurable to meet the needs of
end users. The user will change his whereabouts
and the demand for various services. The agility
of such a network is ensured by the IBN
technology, because the wishes of end users can
be transformed into signals controlling the
network without human participation in this
process. In conclusion, the optimization of the
investment process in telecommunications
infrastructure will be achieved through the joint
implementation of 6G and IBN technologies for
the design, construction and operation of
nextgeneration networks. The above
recommendations can be used not only by
investors or telecommunications providers, but
also for setting directions for scientific research
and regulating the telecommunications
market.[