The IBN Networks for 6G Technology to Optimize Investments in Telecommunications Infrastructure Andrzej Rychlik 1 1 Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska str., 215, Łódź, 90-924, Poland Abstract The development of the telecommunications structure for digital data transmission is taking place concurrently with the development of telecommunications services. New services generate demand for transmission with higher quality parameters. Achieving them makes it possible to create new services with a demand for transmission with even higher parameters. The 2020-2030 decade is dominated by 5G networks and SDN. A decade after 2030, it is predicted that these will be 6G networks and IBN. The 6G standard describes the equipment used to build the network in line with geographic conditions, optimized for performance. The IBN network will flexibly adapt to the needs of end users. In areas where a 5G network is being built, after 2030 it is enough to adapt it to the 6G standard, and in other areas, 6G networks should be built immediately. Obviously, this approach will not solve the interdependence of infrastructure and service development in telecommunications, but will provide clear guidance over a period of time to investors, end-users and market regulators. Keywords 1 6G, IBN, investment, market, telecommunication infrastructure 1. Introduction On the one hand, a person deserves remuneration for the work he has done, on the other hand, he falls ill, goes on strike, and may even sabotage. Optimizing investments in Also in terms of security, man is the weakest telecommunications infrastructure on the basis of element. In terms of investment profitability, the knowledge and data obtained before the start of world is divided into 3 zones: white, gray and the investment is not sufficient to gain a black. The black zone brings income both in the competitive advantage. The income for the area of investment and operation. The gray area investor is generated by satisfied end-users and brings income only in the area of exploitation and their satisfaction varies over time. Dissatisfied loss in the area of investments. The white zone end-users shift their services to a competing generates losses both in the area of investment and operator. Today's telecommunications systems operation. The world is divided into zones by cover land, air, oceans and space, and end-users people working, teaching and living in these are moving faster and longer. There is no zones. If there is a low population density and stabilization on the services market either. people do not need access to digital data Improving the capacity and quality of digital data transmission, there is a white zone in this area. If transmission generates new services, and their there is a high population density and end-users owners, in turn, report their needs for transmission need high-quality digital data transmission, there with even higher quality parameters. In military is a black zone in this area. The division into zones systems, the development of the enemy base can be stationary, e.g. cities, forests, lakes or forces the development of your own base. The dynamically changing e.g. stadiums, districts: most costly in all these processes turns out to be a day-adults at work, children at school, night- human, designer, technician, and administrator. ISIT 2021: II International Scientific and Practical Conference «Intellectual Systems and Information Technologies», September 13–19, 2021, Odesa, Ukraine EMAIL: andrzej.rychlik@p.lodz.pl ORCID: 0000-0003-2068-9274 ©️ 2021 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org) everyone at home. All these parameters are also 2. The Role of 6G Technology in influenced by changes in the ecosystem, e.g. wars, pandemics, earthquakes, fires, floods. Optimize Investments The development of network architectures and methods of their design described by the author in To reach the goal of 6G and to overcome the publications [1], [2], [3], [4] leads to the next constraints of 5G for supporting new challenges, generation of telecommunications infrastructure B5G wireless systems will need to be developed and intent-based networks. The author proposes with new attractive features. The 6G using 6G technology to eliminate the division into communication networks will fulfill the laggings white, gray and black zones. On the other hand, of 5G system by introducing new synthesis of IBN technology to optimize the constructed future services such as ambient sensing network in terms of increasing the efficiency of intelligence and new human-human and human- funds already invested in building a digital data machine interaction, a pervasive introduction of transmission network. Replacing humans with AI and the incorporation of new technologies such elements of artificial intelligence in the design, as terahertz (THz), 3-dimensional (3D) construction and operation process predicts that it networking, quantum communications, will increase the competitiveness of these holographic beam forming, backscatter investors in relation to the others who will use communication, intelligent reflecting surface classical methods. (IRS), and proactive caching [10]. The key drivers Resignation from Computer Aided Design of 6G will be the convergence of all the past systems in favour of Artificial Intelligence Aided features, such as network densification, high Design systems and from manual network throughput, high reliability, low energy management in favour of Intent Based consumption, and massive connectivity. The 6G Networking is proposed because we are heading system would also continue the trends of the toward a society of fully automated remote previous generations, which included new management systems. Autonomous systems are services with the addition of new technologies. becoming popular in all areas of society, including The new services include AI, smart wearable, industry, health, roads, oceans, and space. In this implants, autonomous vehicles, computing reality regard, millions of sensors are integrated into devices, sensing, and 3D mapping. [4] The most cities, vehicles, homes, industries, food, toys, and critical requirement for 6G wireless networks is other environments to provide a smart life and the capability of handling massive volumes of automated systems. Hence, a high-data-rate with data and very high-data-rate connectivity per reliable connectivity will be required to support device [1]. these applications. It is proposed to implement the 6G paradigm, because 5G networks will not have the capacity to deliver a completely automated and intelligent network that provides everything as a service and completely immersive experiences. Although the 5G communication systems will offer significant improvements over the existing systems, they will not be able to fulfil the demands of future emerging intelligent and automation systems after ten years (2020-2030). [3] New items that may require sixth-generation (6G) system include: massive man-machine interfaces, ubiquitous computing among local devices and the cloud, multi-sensory data fusion to create multi-verse maps and different mixed- reality experiences, and precision in sensing and Figure 1: Possible 6G communication actuation to control the physical world. [6] architecture scenario. [6] It is proposed to optimize investments in telecommunications infrastructure - the design and construction should be based on the 6G technology paradigm and the operation on the IBN paradigm. Each stage along the way is characterized by increasingly automated and simpler ways of 3. The Role of IBN Technology in deploying and managing network operations. Manual – Operations staff imperatively Optimize Investments manage data centre network devices using CLI, SNMP, and basic and discrete tools. Intent-based networking is a software-enabled Semi automated – Scripts and rules-based automation process that uses high levels of management combine with traditional tools for intelligence, analytics, and orchestration to basic automation, visibility into network data, and improve network operations and uptime. When alerts that enable reaction to network events. operators describe the business outcomes they Software-defined data centre – A software wish to accomplish, the network converts those abstraction of the network infrastructure enables objectives into the configuration necessary to faster, secure deployment of services and achieve them, without individual tasks having to applications. be coded and executed manually. Traditionally, Automation-centric data centre – Builds upon networking has been driven by manual, the software-defined data centre by automating command-line interface (CLI)-based operations, provisioning, configuration, deployment, and basic element management systems (EMSs), or orchestration. automation scripts. Most network outages result Intent-based data centre – Continually collects from human errors that occur during these and converts all pertinent data needed to take the network operations. Intent-based networking automated actions that keep the network aligned slashes errors and risk while improving with dynamic business intent, data centre operational efficiencies in a number of ways. conditions, and policies.[4] Validates intent objects before applying them to Intent-based networking (IBN) has become a the network. Intent objects are high-level hot buzzword in the networking industry, with representations of the desired properties or marketing departments at all sorts of vendors outcomes to be achieved with the network. waving the “intent flag.” Some have legitimate Validation is syntactic and includes semantic products, some have cobbled together bits and checks against network wide policy.[7] Operators pieces out of their product portfolios and called it simply apply the appropriate versioned intent an IBN solution, and some supposed IBN object to return to a known good state if products perform only a part of what a real IBN something goes wrong during a deployment push. system (IBNS) does. [7] Limits the impact and scope of failures during Intent-based networking is not only about new intent rollout through well-defined policy. intent fulfilment; it’s also about intent assurance. Intent-based fallback. As the system knows the With intent-based analytics, networks remain in desired outcomes for a specific configuration, it compliance with the original business intent can maintain those outcomes even in the face of throughout the service lifecycle. Intent-based outages or device errors by reconfiguring other analytics provide insights into network services, network elements or using different mechanisms enabling teams to think about their network as a to achieve the same results. Modern network complete service.[9] orchestration systems have made commercial, Using analytics, intent-based networking intent-based network systems for mission-critical enables faster root-cause identification when and scaled deployments possible. Intent-based things go awry. It informs operators of conditions networks dramatically reduce the time to deliver and insights that need attention as with traditional reliable services from days or weeks to minutes unified management approaches but filters out the and help address operational challenges once the irrelevant “noise” so it’s easier to see what’s most infrastructure has been deployed.[7] important quickly, as shown in fig. 3. Correct implementation of IBN to help manage a network that is made in 6G technology requires understanding what IBN is not. IBN is, unquestionably, a popular industry buzzword. Your challenge is to see beyond the fluff and Figure 2: The journey to intent-based data centre evaluate IBN solutions based not only on what organization [5] they are, but also by what it is not. Interestingly, all the functions discussed in this section can be one or a few of these functions and claims that and probably are a part of an IBN solution. What that, alone, is IBN. you have to be wary of is a solution that performs Figure 3: Analytics keep network operations aligned with original business intent throughout the service lifecycle. [5] IBN is not automation. integrate with your orchestration system so that Automation, from home-grown scripts to orchestration can become a source of declared platforms like Ansible and Puppet, are essential to intent. the fast, reliable operation of a network. It’s also IBN is not a policy engine. an essential element of IBN. But automation Policy engines can both “push” policies to software says nothing about expressed intent and network nodes and “pull” information from the doesn’t by itself maintain a data store of network nodes to continually verify correct policy information to act on. You can automate bad enforcement. But the translation of intent into an decisions just as well as good ones. actionable “how” is missing. Policies just govern IBN is not configuration management. aspects of the network, such as forwarding, A Level 0 IBNS may look like just a fancy security, and prioritization. A policy engine can configuration management platform that use control loops to enforce these policies, but it translates intent into practical configurations. has no concept of desired outcomes. You have to Such a system falls far short of significantly work those out yourself and specify in detail the improving your operational effectiveness. rules to implement and enforce the policies.[5]. IBN is not SDN. You may be thinking that IBN is just a form 4. Conclusions of software-defined networking (SDN). But SDN, in its usually understood role, performs only a part In order to maximize the income from of what an IBNS does. SDN maintains an abstracted model of the physical network. It takes investments in telecommunications infrastructure, generic configuration commands as input and it is necessary to take a holistic view of the process pushes device-specific configuration as its output. by which this income is generated. We invest in But that’s all. SDN contains no translational digital data transmission because the modern world does not need autonomous systems. He element to convert intent into generic configuration and it has no capability for focused on remote control and remote continued compliance verification and transmission of digital information. In the field of adjustment. Like automation and configuration military systems, each 6th generation fighter will management, SDN is an element of IBN, but is have a certain number of drones to cooperate with. not itself IBN. In civil systems, there will be autonomous cars, IBN is not orchestration. distance work, distance learning, the Internet of Orchestration helps all of your IT systems — Things and augmented reality. In order to ensure compute, storage, and network — act in sync to a collision-free exchange of data, in such an accomplish your higher IT objectives. IBN, as organized society, a physical layer of the network again the name implies, is concerned just with is needed that is adapted to the geography of the your network. That said, a good IBNS should area it is to cover. This role is best fulfilled by a network made in 6G technology. Higher layers are Wireless Communication Systems: to be agile, reconfigurable to meet the needs of Applications, Requirements, Technologies, end users. The user will change his whereabouts Challenges, and Research Directions, DOI and the demand for various services. The agility 10.1109/OJCOMS.2020.3010270, IEEE of such a network is ensured by the IBN Open Journal of the Communications technology, because the wishes of end users can Society, be transformed into signals controlling the [7] https://www.juniper.net/content/dam/www/a network without human participation in this ssets/ebooks/us/en/intent-based-networking- process. In conclusion, the optimization of the for-dummies.pdf, investment process in telecommunications [8] Yiming Wei, Mugen Peng, Yaqiong Liu, infrastructure will be achieved through the joint Intent-based networks for 6G: Insights and implementation of 6G and IBN technologies for challenges, Digital Communications and the design, construction and operation of next- Networks 6 (2020) 270–280, generation networks. The above [9] https://www.juniper.net/content/dam/www/a recommendations can be used not only by ssets/ebooks/us/en/the-2020-state-of- investors or telecommunications providers, but network-automation-report.pdf, also for setting directions for scientific research [10] Woźniak J., Tendencje w rozwoju polskiej i and regulating the telecommunications światowej telekomunikacji i teleinformatyki, market.[8]. Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna, Warszawa 2020. 5. References [1] Rychlik A.: The proposal of scientific research in the area and period of 5G. 3rd International Conference on Applied Information Technology (AIT2019), Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, 8-10 October, 2019, pp. 30 – 33, [2] Rychlik, A.: A Limit of Digitalization in 5G Technology Period, Intellectual Systems and Information Technologies, Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2019, August 19-24, Odessa, ISBN 978-617-7711-43-7, pp. 189-193, [3] Rychlik, A: [0000-0003-2068-9274], The 5G Architecture for Scientific and Academic Computer Network, ICST 2020 Information Control Systems & Technologies Proceedings of the 9th International Conference "Information Control Systems & Technologies" Odessa, Ukraine, September 24–26, 2020, [4] Rychlik, A: [0000-0003-2068-9274], The Attractiveness of Investments in VHCN , ICST 2021 Information Control Systems & Technologies Proceedings of the 10th International Conference "Information Control Systems & Technologies" Odessa, Ukraine, September 23–25, 2021, [5] https://www.juniper.net/us/en/research- topics/what-is-intent-based- networking.html, [6] Mustafa Zaman Chowdhury, Md. Shahjalal, Shakil Ahmed, Yeong Min Jang, 6G