Increasing the Functional Network Stability in the Depression Zone of the Hydroelectric Power Station Reservoir

Abstract

Sphere of influence of the reservoirs of large HPS involves colossal massifs of rocks. The complex of geophysical fields and processes, mechanical and electrical transformations causes changes in the geophysical situation of the local environment in the depressed zone, which determine the need to make recommendations for the protection of telecommunications. A method for developing measures to protect the telecommunications network from the effects of destructive influences, which includes collecting information on their impact on hardware resources, their analysis and development of appropriate countermeasures. The conditions of functional stability of the telecommunication network are formulated, which are represented by the resistance of the network infrastructure components to the impact of hazards, the ability to reconfigure the operational systems and the transmission network. To verify network protection measures, a matrix of compliance with threats has been developed, the occurrence of which may be due to processes in the depressed zone. reservation; reconfiguration. Destructive influence; connectivity; infrastructure components; correspondence matrix; “HPS reservoir.” Emerging Technology Trends on the Smart Industry and the Internet of Things, January 19, 2022, Kyiv, Ukraine

Keywords

• Keywords1

1. Introduction

Among all human engineering activities, large hydropower plants with reservoirs have the greatest impact on the natural environment [ 1 ]. They draw into the sphere of their influence colossal massifs of rocks. Complex force fields that arise during that process, extend to considerable depths, cause mechanical and filtration deformations of rocks, their physical and chemical transformation [ 2 ].

Superficial analysis of the literature (for example, [ 3, 4 ]) has showed that a significant number of large reservoirs are intended for integrated use, in particular for the needs of power stations, primarily hydraulic (HPS). Considering this feature, we agree to understand the term reservoir abbreviated name space [ 5 ].

The study of the effects of reservoirs on the local geological environment has revealed the presence of a depression zone, the size of which is determined by the range of geophysical fields, and the duration of existence corresponds to the cycles of these fields. Geophysical fields will be understood as physical fields of the Earth, as well as fields represented by the values of their geodynamic parameters given in

Descriptions of the fields of the depression zone of the reservoir are presented in Table 1. EMAIL: [e-mail] (V.

Zhebka);

2022 Copyright for this paper by its authors.

The study of geophysical processes shows that the action and development of some phenomena always creates the preconditions for the emergence and development of others. In the late 1930s, A. Ivanov reported the discovery of a seismic effect of the 2nd kind, the essence of which is that the geological environment under the action of a seismic field generates an electromagnetic field [ 17 ]. Analysis of variations in the electromagnetic radiation of the geological environment has showed that they are determined by the mechanisms of energy conversion of these processes into the energy of the electromagnetic field (see Table 2).

The complex of geophysical fields and processes, mechanical and electrical transformations causes changes in the geophysical situation of the local environment of the reservoir in the depressed zone.

The variability of the geophysical environment of the local environment of hydroelectric reservoirs and its changes in comparison with the "local environment without reservoir" determine the need to make recommendations for the protection of one of the main industries in electricity generation and transmission - telecommunications (e.g. [ 19–21 ]).

The aim of the article is to study the functional stability of telecommunication network equipment in the geophysical situation of the depression zone of the HPS reservoir. To achieve this goal it is necessary to solve the following tasks:  Analyze network threats and their consequences  Develop a scheme for the application of protection measures  Verify protection measures

2. Research Method

According to the provisions of the project method, a method for developing measures to protect the telecommunications network from the effects of destructive effects (DE) has been developed, which includes the phased collection of information about the DE effect on the infrastructure components of the telecommunications network, their analysis and development of appropriate countermeasures [ 22 ].

At the initial stage, a list of the threats is determined, the occurrence of which may be due to the processes caused by the changes in the geophysical situation of the local environment of the reservoir in the depressed zone. This list has been determined during the analysis of changes in the situation.

At the second stage, the analysis of destructive influences of functioning of a telecommunication network is carried out.

At the final stage, a synthesis of possible measures to reduce the damage caused by the certain threats is performed. The generalized scheme of application of measures of protection against dangerous events is shown in Fig. 1.

The proposed scheme is designed to develop an action plan to prevent hazards [ 24–27 ]. Short-term hazard forecasting is based on current geophysical field measurements and development simulations, and is performed to alert the public to hazards and collect data. Data are used in long-term forecasting. It is used to assess risks and their acceptable levels for declaring the safety of telecommunications, deciding on their location and operation, developing measures to prevent and prepare for accidents. The list of protection measures includes:  The use of resistant to certain hazards materials and structures  Interception of danger, which involves shielding the object or its most vulnerable and responsible elements, from danger, or shielding danger from the object, as well as counteracting the danger  Reconfiguration of the systems for ensuring efficiency (power supply, ventilation and air conditioning, fire alarm, fire extinguishing, warning, etc.)  Reconfiguration of the transmission network

To verify network protection measures, a matrix of compliance of protection measures with threats, the occurrence of which may be due to processes in the depressed zone, has been developed (Table 3).

Protection measure 1 2 3Thre4ats *5 6 7 1. Short-term forecasting a11 a12 a13 a14 a15 a16 a17 2. Notification; data collection for long-term forecasts a21 a22 a23 a24 a25 a26 a27 3. Application of stable materials and structures a31 a32 a33 a34 a35 a36 a37 4. Passive interception of a danger a41 a42 a43 a44 a45 a46 a47 5. Active interception of a danger a51 a52 a53 a54 a55 a56 a57 6. Reconfiguration of operational systems a61 a62 a63 a64 a65 a66 a67 7. Reconfiguration of the transmission network a71 a72 a73 a74 a75 a76 a77 * 1 - subsidence of the earth’s surface, landslides, landslides or debris; 2 - increase in groundwater level (flooding), change in pore pressure; 3 - vibrations, earthquakes; 4 - breeze; 5 - precipitation; 6 - variations in water level, floods; 7 - electromagnetic radiation of the medium.

3. Ways to Protect the Telecommunications Network from Hazards

3.1. Conditions of Functional Stability

Let's define functional stability of a telecommunication network, as resistance of the network infrastructure components to influence of dangers, ability to reconfiguration of systems of maintenance of serviceability and a transmission network.

The resilience of network infrastructure components to the impact of hazards is ensured through the use of stable materials and structures, passive and active interception of hazards and is estimated by the formula [ 28 ]:

iI  I , IiI  SiS , iS  S , iI  1, nI , iS  1, nS , (1) where  is quantifier of generality; iI, iS are identifiers of destructive effects on equipment and indicators of equipment stability, respectively; I, nI are the set and quantity of the destructive effects on equipment; S, nS are the set and quantity of the indicators of resistance of the equipment to these influences; IiI , SiS are the magnitude of the effects on the equipment and the resistance of the equipment to them, respectively.

Reconfiguration of the performance systems is provided by their redundancy, and is estimated by the formula [ 29 ]:

n P  1   1  Pi  , i  1, n (2)

i1 where P is the probability of connectivity of the path formed by parallel connected chains-systems, Pi is the probability of the operability of each of the systems.

Reconfiguration of the transmission network is provided by redundancy of nodes and communication lines, and is estimated by the formula [ 30 ]:

 G   2 ,  G   2 , Pij t   Pijnormalized , i  j , i, j  1, n , (3) where (G) is number of vertex connectivity (the smallest number of vertices (nodes), the extraction of which together with the incident edges (communication lines) leads to a disconnected or single-vertex graph); (G) is number of edge connectivity (the smallest number of the edges that remove a disconnected graph); Pij(t) is the probability of the connectivity (the probability that the message from node i to node j will be transmitted in a time not exceeding t).

3.2. Analysis of Destructive Influences

Analysis of the destructive effects on the functioning of the telecommunications network is performed in order to identify its most vulnerable elements (see Tables 4 and 5).

3.3. Verification of the Protection Measures

To protect line and cable structures from threats, it is proposed to lay them underground. Fig. 2 presents the examples of enhanced precautions for the protection of underground cable structures.

4. Discussion of the Research Results and Conclusions

The result of the study of the functional stability of the components of the telecommunications network infrastructure in the depression zone of the HPS reservoir is the realization that the local environment needs physical and geographical zoning of the territory. This is due to the need to determine the climatic conditions of operation of the network, which, in turn, determine the measures to maintain its efficiency.

Threats to the network are geophysical fields of the depression zone of the HPS reservoir (deformations and microseismic oscillations, pore pressure of groundwater, atmospheric processes), supplemented by an electromagnetic field of geophysical origin. These threats are presented in the form of a scheme of changes in the geophysical situation of the local environment of the reservoir due to geophysical fields and processes, mechanical and electrical transformations in the depression zone.

To develop an action plan to prevent hazards, a proven scheme of application of measures to protect telecommunications has been used. The conditions of functional stability of the telecommunication network are formulated.

The effectiveness of the protection measures scheme is confirmed by the verification of protection measures against threats, which, in fact, are recommendations for improving the functional stability of the telecommunications network in the depression zone of the HPS reservoir.

5. References

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